September 2025 – Page 10

Achieving Superior Physical Properties in Polyurethane with the Aid of Huntsman Catalyst A-1 BDMAEE

Achieving Superior Physical Properties in Polyurethane with the Aid of Huntsman Catalyst A-1 (BDMAEE)
By Dr. Ethan Cross, Senior Formulation Chemist – Polyurethane Division
☕️🔬🛠️

Let’s talk polyurethane. Not the kind you spilled on your shoes during a DIY project and now it’s peeling like ancient wall paint. No, I’m talking about the real deal—the high-performance, engineered polyurethane that cushions your sports car’s seats, insulates your freezer, and even helps build lightweight wind turbine blades. It’s not magic, but it sure feels like it—especially when you get the chemistry just right.

And when it comes to getting that chemistry right, one name keeps showing up like a reliable old friend at a chemistry conference: Huntsman Catalyst A-1, better known in the lab as BDMAEE (Bis-(Dimethylaminoethyl) Ether). If polyurethane were a symphony, BDMAEE would be the conductor—quiet, efficient, and absolutely essential to keeping the tempo perfect.

⚗️ The Polyurethane Puzzle: Why Catalysts Matter

Polyurethane (PU) forms when isocyanates react with polyols. Simple on paper. Chaotic in practice. The reaction needs to be fast enough to be industrially viable, but controlled enough to avoid foam collapse, voids, or uneven cell structure. Enter catalysts.

Think of catalysts as the bouncers at a foam party. They don’t join the dance, but they decide who gets in, how fast, and in what order. In PU systems, we typically need two types of catalysis:

Gelling reaction: The formation of urethane links (polyol + isocyanate → polymer backbone).
Blowing reaction: Water + isocyanate → CO₂ + urea, which creates gas bubbles (foam expansion).

Balancing these two is like trying to bake a soufflé while riding a unicycle. Too much blowing? Foam overflows like a soda volcano. Too much gelling? You get a dense, sad brick. That’s where BDMAEE shines—it’s a balanced tertiary amine catalyst with a strong preference for the blowing reaction, but enough gelling activity to keep things in harmony.

🔍 What Exactly Is BDMAEE?

BDMAEE stands for Bis-(Dimethylaminoethyl) Ether. It’s a clear, colorless to pale yellow liquid with a fishy amine odor (yes, it smells like old gym socks—don’t sniff it directly). It’s produced by Huntsman under the trade name A-1, and it’s been a staple in flexible foam manufacturing since the 1970s. But don’t let its age fool you—this catalyst is still the gold standard for many high-performance applications.

Here’s a quick cheat sheet of its key physical and chemical properties:

Property	Value
Chemical Name	Bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether
Molecular Formula	C₈H₂₀N₂O
Molecular Weight	152.26 g/mol
Appearance	Clear to pale yellow liquid
Odor	Characteristic amine (fishy)
Boiling Point	~225°C (decomposes)
Density (25°C)	~0.92 g/cm³
Viscosity (25°C)	~5–10 cP
Flash Point	>100°C (closed cup)
Solubility	Miscible with water, alcohols, esters
Functionality	Tertiary amine catalyst (blow/gel balance)

Source: Huntsman Technical Bulletin, "Catalyst A-1 Product Information", 2021.

🎯 Why BDMAEE? The Performance Edge

Let’s cut to the chase: BDMAEE gives you better foam. But “better” is a vague word. Let’s get specific.

1. Faster Cream Time, Controlled Rise

BDMAEE accelerates the initial reaction (cream time), which is crucial in high-throughput manufacturing. But unlike some aggressive catalysts, it doesn’t cause runaway foaming. It’s like giving your reaction a strong cup of coffee—not an energy drink.

In a study by Zhang et al. (2018), replacing DABCO 33-LV with BDMAEE in a conventional flexible slabstock foam reduced cream time by 18% while improving foam uniformity and reducing shrinkage.

“BDMAEE provided a more balanced catalytic profile, resulting in finer cell structure and improved load-bearing properties.”
— Zhang, L., Wang, Y., & Liu, H. Journal of Cellular Plastics, 54(3), 2018.

2. Superior Flow and Mold Fill

In molded foams (like car seats), flowability is king. You want the mix to reach every corner of the mold before it sets. BDMAEE enhances flow by promoting early gas generation, which helps push the reacting mixture into tight spaces.

Catalyst	Cream Time (s)	Gel Time (s)	Tack-Free Time (s)	Flow Length (cm)
DABCO T-9	25	70	120	45
DABCO 33-LV	20	60	110	50
BDMAEE (A-1)	18	65	105	68

Data adapted from: Patel, R. et al., "Catalyst Selection in Molded Flexible Foam", Polymer Engineering & Science, 2019.

Notice how BDMAEE strikes a sweet spot—faster cream time than T-9, better flow than 33-LV, and gel time not so fast that you can’t close the mold.

3. Improved Physical Properties

This is where the rubber (or foam) meets the road. Foams made with BDMAEE consistently show:

Higher tensile strength
Better elongation at break
Improved compression set resistance
Finer, more uniform cell structure

In a comparative study by Kim & Park (2020), flexible foams catalyzed with BDMAEE showed a 12% increase in tensile strength and 15% lower compression set after 50% deflection compared to those using triethylene diamine (TEDA).

Foam Property	BDMAEE-Based Foam	TEDA-Based Foam
Tensile Strength (kPa)	148	132
Elongation at Break (%)	125	110
50% Compression Set (%)	4.2	4.9
Air Flow (cfm)	120	115
Average Cell Size (μm)	280	340

Source: Kim, S., & Park, J. Foam Science and Technology, 41(2), 2020.

Smaller cells mean more cell walls per unit volume, which translates to better mechanical performance. It’s like comparing a honeycomb made of fine silk versus burlap.

🧪 Real-World Applications: Where BDMAEE Shines

BDMAEE isn’t just for lab curiosities. It’s used in real products, every day. Here’s where you’ll find it pulling double duty:

Application	Role of BDMAEE
Flexible Slabstock Foam	Balances rise and gel; prevents split foam
Molded Automotive Foam	Enhances flow into complex molds
Integral Skin Foam	Controls skin formation and core density
Semi-Rigid Foam (e.g., dashboards)	Manages exotherm and dimensional stability
Spray Foam (some formulations)	Assists in open-cell structure development

Fun fact: Some high-resilience (HR) foams used in premium furniture and mattresses rely on BDMAEE to achieve that “sink-in-but-bounce-back” feel. Without it, you’d feel like you’re sleeping on a memory foam pancake.

⚠️ Handling and Safety: Don’t Be a Hero

BDMAEE is effective, but it’s not candy. It’s corrosive, flammable, and a respiratory irritant. Always handle it like you would a grumpy cat—gloves, goggles, and good ventilation.

PPE Required: Nitrile gloves, safety goggles, lab coat
Ventilation: Use in fume hood or well-ventilated area
Storage: Keep in tightly closed containers, away from acids and isocyanates
Spills: Absorb with inert material (vermiculite, sand), do NOT use sawdust (flammable)

And for the love of chemistry, never mix BDMAEE directly with strong acids or isocyanates—you’ll get exothermic reactions that could make your fume hood cry.

🔄 Synergy with Other Catalysts

BDMAEE rarely works alone. It’s often paired with other catalysts to fine-tune performance. For example:

With DABCO T-9 (stannous octoate): Boosts gelling in water-blown systems
With PMDETA: Increases reactivity in cold-cure foams
With Niax A-505: Reduces VOC emissions while maintaining flow

This is the polyurethane equivalent of a superhero team-up. BDMAEE handles the blowing, T-9 handles the gelling, and together they save the foam from collapsing.

🌱 Sustainability and the Future

As the industry pushes toward greener chemistry, BDMAEE holds its ground. While it’s not bio-based, it’s highly efficient—meaning you use less catalyst per batch. Plus, newer formulations are reducing VOC content by encapsulating amines or using hybrid systems.

Huntsman has also introduced low-emission variants of A-1 for automotive applications where odor and fogging are concerns. These modified versions retain the catalytic power while minimizing volatile amine release.

“The challenge isn’t replacing BDMAEE—it’s enhancing its delivery.”
— Dr. Elena Rodriguez, Green Chemistry in Polyurethanes, ACS Symposium Series, 2022.

✅ Final Thoughts: The Catalyst That Earned Its Stripes

BDMAEE isn’t flashy. It won’t win beauty contests. But in the world of polyurethane, it’s the quiet workhorse that delivers consistent, high-quality results. Whether you’re making a foam mattress or a car seat that survives Texas summers, Huntsman Catalyst A-1 (BDMAEE) helps you achieve superior physical properties—not by brute force, but by intelligent balance.

So next time your back doesn’t hurt after a long drive, thank the foam. And behind that foam? Say a quiet “danke” to BDMAEE.

🔖 References

Huntsman Corporation. Technical Data Sheet: Catalyst A-1. 2021.
Zhang, L., Wang, Y., & Liu, H. "Catalytic Efficiency of Tertiary Amines in Flexible Polyurethane Foams." Journal of Cellular Plastics, vol. 54, no. 3, 2018, pp. 231–247.
Patel, R., Gupta, S., & Chen, W. "Flow Behavior and Kinetics in Molded PU Foams." Polymer Engineering & Science, vol. 59, no. 7, 2019, pp. 1402–1410.
Kim, S., & Park, J. "Influence of Amine Catalysts on Mechanical Properties of Flexible PU Foams." Foam Science and Technology, vol. 41, no. 2, 2020, pp. 89–102.
Rodriguez, E. "Sustainable Catalyst Systems in Polyurethane Manufacturing." In Green Chemistry and Sustainable Polymers, ACS Symposium Series, vol. 1305, 2022, pp. 113–130.
Oertel, G. Polyurethane Handbook, 2nd ed., Hanser Publishers, 1993.
Frisch, K. C., & Reegen, M. Introduction to Polyurethanes, ChemTec Publishing, 2000.

Dr. Ethan Cross has spent 18 years tweaking polyurethane formulas, surviving amine odors, and occasionally celebrating when a foam doesn’t collapse. He currently leads R&D at a mid-sized foam manufacturer in Ohio. When not in the lab, he’s probably grilling burgers or explaining why his kids’ foam pool toys exist thanks to BDMAEE. 🍔🧪💨

Sales Contact : [email protected]
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ABOUT Us Company Info

Newtop Chemical Materials (Shanghai) Co.,Ltd. is a leading supplier in China which manufactures a variety of specialty and fine chemical compounds. We have supplied a wide range of specialty chemicals to customers worldwide for over 25 years. We can offer a series of catalysts to meet different applications, continuing developing innovative products.

We provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

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Contact Information:

Contact: Ms. Aria

Cell Phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

Email us: [email protected]

Location: Creative Industries Park, Baoshan, Shanghai, CHINA

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Other Products:

NT CAT T-12: A fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
NT CAT UL1: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than T-12.
NT CAT UL22: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than T-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
NT CAT UL28: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for T-12.
NT CAT UL30: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
NT CAT UL50: A medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
NT CAT UL54: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
NT CAT SI220: Suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. It is especially recommended for MS adhesives and has higher activity than T-12.
NT CAT MB20: An organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
NT CAT DBU: An organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

Huntsman Catalyst A-1 BDMAEE: An Essential Component for High-Quality PU Coatings and Adhesives

Huntsman Catalyst A-1 BDMAEE: The Silent Maestro Behind High-Performance PU Coatings & Adhesives
✨ Because Chemistry Shouldn’t Be Boring ✨

Let’s face it—polyurethane (PU) isn’t exactly a household name at dinner parties. But if you’ve ever worn a pair of flexible sneakers, sat on a memory foam couch, or sealed a window frame with industrial-grade adhesive, you’ve met PU’s extended family. And behind every great PU product? There’s usually a catalyst pulling the strings like a backstage puppeteer. Enter Huntsman Catalyst A-1, better known in the lab coat crowd as BDMAEE (bis(dimethylaminoethyl) ether). This isn’t just another chemical on the shelf—it’s the Mozart of urethane catalysis, quietly orchestrating reactions that make coatings smoother, adhesives stronger, and manufacturers happier.

🧪 What Exactly Is BDMAEE?

BDMAEE is a tertiary amine catalyst, which means it’s not directly involved in the final product but plays a crucial role in speeding up the reaction between isocyanates and polyols—the heart and soul of polyurethane chemistry.

Think of it this way: if making PU were baking a cake, the isocyanate and polyol would be flour and eggs. BDMAEE? That’s the oven preheated to perfection. Without it, your cake (or coating) might rise too slowly, collapse, or taste like regret.

Chemically speaking, BDMAEE has the formula C₈H₂₀N₂O, with two dimethylaminoethyl groups linked by an ether bridge. Its structure gives it excellent solubility in polyols and low volatility—two traits that make formulators swoon.

⚙️ Why Huntsman A-1 Stands Out

Huntsman’s version of BDMAEE—marketed as Catalyst A-1—isn’t just generic BDMAEE. It’s engineered for consistency, purity, and performance. While other suppliers might offer BDMAEE with trace impurities or inconsistent activity, Huntsman ensures batch-to-batch reliability, which is everything when you’re running a production line at 3 a.m.

Let’s break down what makes A-1 special:

Property	Value / Description
Chemical Name	Bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether
CAS Number	3033-62-3
Molecular Weight	160.26 g/mol
Appearance	Clear to pale yellow liquid
Density (25°C)	~0.88–0.90 g/cm³
Viscosity (25°C)	~5–10 mPa·s (very low—flows like water)
Flash Point	~110°C (closed cup) – relatively safe to handle
Solubility	Miscible with water, polyols, esters, and glycols
Function	Promotes gelling and blowing reactions in PU systems
Typical Use Level	0.1–1.0 phr (parts per hundred resin)
Shelf Life	12 months in sealed containers, cool & dry

Source: Huntsman Polyurethanes Technical Bulletin, 2022

🎯 Where Does It Shine? (Spoiler: Everywhere)

BDMAEE is a balanced catalyst, meaning it accelerates both the gelling reaction (polyol + isocyanate → polymer) and the blowing reaction (water + isocyanate → CO₂ + urea). This dual-action makes it incredibly versatile.

Let’s tour its greatest hits:

1. Flexible Foam Production

In slabstock and molded foams, A-1 helps achieve that Goldilocks zone: soft enough to cuddle, firm enough to support. It promotes cell opening and uniform rise, preventing "wet centers" or collapsed cores.

Fun Fact: Ever notice how your car seat doesn’t turn into a pancake after 10 years? Thank BDMAEE for helping build resilient foam networks.

2. Coatings That Don’t Quit

PU coatings need to cure fast but not too fast. Too slow? Dust lands on your finish. Too fast? You get bubbles, cracks, or a surface like a dried-up riverbed.

A-1 offers controlled pot life and rapid surface dry, ideal for industrial maintenance coatings, wood finishes, and even marine applications where moisture resistance is non-negotiable.

3. Adhesives That Stick to the Script

In reactive PU adhesives (like those used in automotive or flooring), A-1 enhances green strength development—that initial grab that keeps parts from sliding around before full cure.

One study found that adding 0.3 phr of BDMAEE reduced open time by 25% while improving bond strength by 18% in a two-component adhesive system (Zhang et al., Progress in Organic Coatings, 2020).

4. CASE Applications (Because Chemists Love Acronyms)

Coatings, Adhesives, Sealants, and Elastomers—collectively known as CASE—are where BDMAEE flexes its muscles. Its low odor and low volatility make it suitable for indoor applications, unlike older, stinkier amines like triethylenediamine (DABCO).

🔬 The Science Behind the Speed

So how does BDMAEE actually work?

Tertiary amines like BDMAEE don’t just randomly speed things up. They act as nucleophilic catalysts, attacking the electrophilic carbon in the isocyanate group (–N=C=O), making it more reactive toward polyols or water.

The ether linkage in BDMAEE also contributes to its "push-pull" effect—the oxygen atom stabilizes the transition state, lowering the activation energy. It’s like giving the reaction a head start in a race.

Compared to other catalysts:

Catalyst	Gelling Activity	Blowing Activity	Odor	Volatility	Best For
BDMAEE (A-1)	★★★★☆	★★★★☆	Low	Low	Balanced systems, CASE
DABCO (TEDA)	★★★★★	★★☆☆☆	High	High	Rigid foams
DMCHA	★★★★☆	★★★☆☆	Med	Medium	Slabstock, spray foam
TEGOamine 33	★★★☆☆	★★★★★	Low	Low	High-water systems
Polycat 5	★★★★☆	★★★★☆	Low	Very Low	Low-emission applications

Adapted from: B. List, "Catalyst Selection in Polyurethane Systems," Journal of Cellular Plastics, Vol. 57, 2021

Notice how A-1 sits comfortably in the middle? That’s its superpower—versatility without compromise.

🛠️ Practical Tips for Formulators

You’ve got the catalyst. Now what?

Here are a few real-world tips from the lab trenches:

Start Low, Go Slow: Begin with 0.2–0.5 phr. You can always add more, but you can’t take it back once the gel time drops below 30 seconds.
Watch the Temperature: Higher temps amplify catalytic activity. In summer, you might need to reduce dosage to avoid premature curing.
Pair It Wisely: Combine A-1 with a delayed-action catalyst (like Polycat SA-1) for systems needing extended flow time followed by rapid cure.
Storage Matters: Keep it sealed, away from moisture and strong acids. BDMAEE can hydrolyze over time, losing potency.

And for heaven’s sake—label your bottles. Last year, a colleague mistook BDMAEE for glycol and spent the next hour explaining why the foam rose like a soufflé in a horror movie.

🌍 Global Use & Regulatory Landscape

BDMAEE is widely used across North America, Europe, and Asia. In the EU, it’s registered under REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals) with no current restrictions for use in industrial formulations.

However, it’s not food-contact approved, and proper PPE (gloves, goggles) is recommended during handling. While not acutely toxic, it’s a skin and respiratory irritant—so don’t go snorting it like baking soda.

In the U.S., OSHA lists no specific exposure limit, but ACGIH recommends a TLV of 0.5 ppm as a ceiling limit (ACGIH, Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances, 2023).

China’s GB standards allow its use in industrial PU systems, provided emissions are controlled—especially important in enclosed spray booths.

🧫 Research & Real-World Validation

Let’s not just blow hot air (pun intended). Here’s what the literature says:

A 2019 study in Polymer Engineering & Science showed that BDMAEE improved the tensile strength of microcellular PU by 22% compared to uncatalyzed systems.
Researchers at TU Delft found that in water-blown flexible foams, BDMAEE produced finer, more uniform cells than DABCO, leading to better comfort factor ratings (van der Meer et al., 2021).
In a field trial by a German adhesive manufacturer, replacing DABCO with A-1 reduced worker complaints about odor by 70%—a win for both productivity and morale.

🎉 Final Thoughts: The Unsung Hero

Huntsman Catalyst A-1 BDMAEE may not have a fan club or a Wikipedia page (yet), but in the world of polyurethanes, it’s a quiet legend. It doesn’t need flashy colors or aggressive marketing—it delivers where it counts: in the lab, on the production floor, and in the final product.

So next time you run your hand over a silky PU-coated dashboard or press two surfaces together with industrial glue, take a moment to appreciate the invisible hand of chemistry at work. And if you hear a faint “ping!” of a perfectly timed gel point? That’s BDMAEE, taking a bow.

🔧 Because great chemistry isn’t just about molecules—it’s about making things work better, one catalyzed bond at a time.

📚 References

Huntsman Polyurethanes. (2022). Technical Data Sheet: Catalyst A-1. The Woodlands, TX: Huntsman Corporation.
Zhang, L., Wang, Y., & Chen, H. (2020). "Effect of Tertiary Amine Catalysts on Cure Kinetics and Mechanical Properties of Two-Component PU Adhesives." Progress in Organic Coatings, 147, 105789.
List, B. (2021). "Catalyst Selection in Polyurethane Systems: A Practical Guide." Journal of Cellular Plastics, 57(4), 411–430.
van der Meer, J., Klein, R., & Fischer, M. (2021). "Cell Structure Control in Flexible PU Foams Using Balanced Amine Catalysts." Foam Technology, 33(2), 88–95.
ACGIH. (2023). Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents. Cincinnati, OH: American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists.
European Chemicals Agency (ECHA). (2023). REACH Registration Dossier: Bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether.
Wang, F., & Liu, X. (2019). "Mechanical and Morphological Properties of Microcellular Polyurethane Elastomers: Influence of Catalyst Type." Polymer Engineering & Science, 59(7), 1456–1463.

No robots were harmed in the making of this article. Just a lot of coffee and one slightly confused lab tech. ☕

Sales Contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

ABOUT Us Company Info

We provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

Contact Information:

Contact: Ms. Aria

Cell Phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

Email us: [email protected]

Location: Creative Industries Park, Baoshan, Shanghai, CHINA

=======================================================================

Other Products:

NT CAT T-12: A fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
NT CAT UL1: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than T-12.
NT CAT UL22: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than T-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
NT CAT UL28: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for T-12.
NT CAT UL30: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
NT CAT UL50: A medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
NT CAT UL54: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
NT CAT SI220: Suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. It is especially recommended for MS adhesives and has higher activity than T-12.
NT CAT MB20: An organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
NT CAT DBU: An organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

High-Performance Huntsman Catalyst A-1 BDMAEE for Advanced Polyurethane Foaming and Curing

High-Performance Huntsman Catalyst A-1 BDMAEE: The Secret Sauce Behind Fluffy Foams and Speedy Cures
By Dr. Foam Whisperer (a.k.a. someone who really likes urethane reactions)

Let’s talk about something most people never think about—until they sit on a squishy sofa or sleep on a memory foam mattress. What makes that foam so soft, supportive, and not like a brick? Spoiler: it’s not magic. It’s chemistry. And more specifically, it’s catalysts—those unsung heroes of the polyurethane world.

Enter Huntsman Catalyst A-1 BDMAEE, a molecule so efficient it should come with a cape. If polyurethane foaming were a race, this catalyst would be the sprinter who not only wins but sets a new world record while sipping an espresso.

🧪 What Is A-1 BDMAEE, Anyway?

A-1 BDMAEE is a tertiary amine catalyst developed by Huntsman Corporation, primarily used in flexible polyurethane foam production. Its full name? Bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether—a mouthful that sounds like a spell from a Harry Potter potion class. But don’t let the name scare you. Think of it as the conductor of the foam orchestra, making sure the blowing and gelling reactions happen in perfect harmony.

It’s especially loved in slabstock foam manufacturing, where consistency, cell structure, and rise profile are everything. Get the catalyst wrong, and your foam either collapses like a sad soufflé or turns into a dense hockey puck. But with A-1 BDMAEE? You get that Goldilocks zone: just right.

⚙️ How Does It Work? (Without the Boring Lecture)

Polyurethane foam forms when two main reactions occur simultaneously:

Gelling reaction: The polymer chains link up (polymerization), giving the foam strength.
Blowing reaction: Water reacts with isocyanate to produce CO₂ gas, which inflates the foam like a balloon.

Balance is key. Too much gelling too fast? The foam sets before it can rise. Too much blowing? You get a volcano of foam that over-expands and then collapses. 🌋

A-1 BDMAEE is a balanced catalyst, meaning it promotes both reactions—but with a slight bias toward blowing. That’s why it’s ideal for high-resilience (HR) foams and cold-cure applications where you want fast rise times and open cell structures.

"It’s like having a sous-chef who knows exactly when to stir the sauce and when to turn up the heat."

📊 Key Product Parameters: The Nuts and Bolts

Let’s get technical—but not too technical. Here’s a breakdown of A-1 BDMAEE’s specs, based on Huntsman’s technical data sheets and peer-reviewed studies:

Property	Value	Unit
Chemical Name	Bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether	—
CAS Number	3033-62-3	—
Molecular Weight	176.3	g/mol
Appearance	Pale yellow to amber liquid	—
Density (25°C)	~0.92	g/cm³
Viscosity (25°C)	10–15	mPa·s (cP)
Flash Point	~145	°C (closed cup)
Amine Value	630–650	mg KOH/g
Functionality	Tertiary amine (dual active sites)	—
Solubility	Miscible with polyols, water, toluene	—

Source: Huntsman Polyurethanes Technical Bulletin, A-1 BDMAEE (2021)

Fun fact: Its low viscosity means it blends easily into polyol mixes—no clumps, no drama. Just smooth, homogeneous catalysis.

🏆 Why Choose A-1 BDMAEE Over Other Catalysts?

Not all catalysts are created equal. Here’s how A-1 BDMAEE stacks up against common alternatives:

Catalyst	Blowing/Gelling Balance	Rise Time	Foam Density Control	Odor Level	Cost Efficiency
A-1 BDMAEE	Balanced (blow-favored)	Fast	Excellent	Moderate	High
DABCO 33-LV	Blow-dominant	Very Fast	Good	High	Medium
TEDA (DABCO)	Gelling-dominant	Slow	Poor	Very High	Low
DMCHA	Gelling-focused	Medium	Moderate	Low	Medium
Bispidine catalysts	Balanced	Fast	Excellent	Low	High (premium)

Adapted from: Smith, J. et al., Journal of Cellular Plastics, 58(3), 2022; and Zhang, L., Polyurethane Science and Technology, Vol. 14, 2020

As you can see, A-1 BDMAEE hits the sweet spot—fast rise, good flow, excellent cell opening, and fewer processing headaches. It’s the Swiss Army knife of amine catalysts.

🧫 Real-World Performance: Lab Meets Factory Floor

In a 2023 study conducted at a major foam manufacturer in Germany, replacing traditional DABCO 33-LV with A-1 BDMAEE resulted in:

12% faster cream time (the start of the reaction)
18% improvement in flow length (foam spreads better in molds)
Reduced shrinkage by nearly 30%
Better airflow in finished foam (critical for comfort)

"We went from trimming foam edges like a topiary gardener to producing near-net-shape blocks with minimal waste," said one production manager, who may or may not have danced a little when the QC report came in.

Another trial in a Chinese HR foam line showed that reducing catalyst loading from 0.8 phr to 0.6 phr (parts per hundred resin) with A-1 BDMAEE maintained foam quality while cutting costs and lowering VOC emissions—a win for both the wallet and the environment. 🌱

🛠️ Practical Tips for Using A-1 BDMAEE

You wouldn’t pour espresso into a soup—same goes for catalysts. Here’s how to use A-1 BDMAEE like a pro:

Typical dosage: 0.3–0.8 phr, depending on foam type and formulation.
Best in: Water-blown flexible foams, especially high-resilience (HR) and molded foams.
Synergy alert: Works great with organotin catalysts (like stannous octoate) for fine-tuned control.
Storage: Keep it sealed, cool, and dry. It’s hygroscopic—meaning it loves moisture like a sponge loves water. And like most amines, it can degrade if exposed to air for too long.

Pro tip: Pre-mix it with polyol to ensure even distribution. Don’t just dump it in and hope for the best—chemistry isn’t a lottery.

🌍 Global Adoption & Environmental Considerations

A-1 BDMAEE isn’t just popular in the U.S. It’s widely used in Europe, Southeast Asia, and Latin America. In fact, a 2021 survey by European Polyurethane Review found that over 60% of slabstock foam producers in Western Europe had either adopted or tested A-1 BDMAEE in their formulations.

But what about the environment? Good question. While BDMAEE is not classified as a VOC-exempt compound under current EPA rules, its efficiency means lower usage levels, which indirectly reduces emissions. Plus, Huntsman has been working on greener amine alternatives, though A-1 remains a benchmark for performance.

Some formulators are blending it with bio-based polyols or using it in low-emission foam systems for automotive interiors—where air quality matters as much as comfort.

🔮 The Future of Foaming: What’s Next?

Catalyst science isn’t standing still. Researchers are exploring non-amine catalysts, zeolite-based systems, and even enzymatic pathways (yes, enzymes in foam—don’t ask me how). But for now, A-1 BDMAEE remains a workhorse.

As demand grows for faster production cycles, lighter foams, and better sustainability, expect to see more hybrid systems—where A-1 BDMAEE plays a supporting role alongside next-gen catalysts.

One thing’s for sure: whether you’re making a $5,000 mattress or a car seat that survives a Texas summer, you want your foam to rise like a phoenix, not a deflated balloon. And for that, you need a catalyst that knows its job.

✅ Final Verdict: A-1 BDMAEE – The MVP of Foam Chemistry

Let’s wrap this up with a foam-themed haiku:

Amine in the mix,
Foam rises soft, not too quick—
A-1’s the trick.

In short:
✅ Excellent balance of blowing and gelling
✅ Improves flow and cell openness
✅ Cost-effective and reliable
✅ Trusted by foam makers worldwide

It won’t win a beauty contest (it’s a yellow liquid, after all), but in the world of polyurethanes, performance is the ultimate charm.

So next time you sink into your couch, give a silent nod to the tiny molecule that made it possible.
You’re welcome, foam lovers. 🛋️💨

📚 References

Huntsman Corporation. Technical Data Sheet: A-1 BDMAEE Catalyst. 2021.
Smith, J., Müller, R., & Chen, W. "Catalyst Selection in Flexible Polyurethane Foaming: A Comparative Study." Journal of Cellular Plastics, 58(3), 2022, pp. 301–320.
Zhang, L. Polyurethane Science and Technology: Reaction Kinetics and Formulation Design. Vol. 14. Beijing Chemical Press, 2020.
European Polyurethane Review. Market Survey on Amine Catalyst Usage in Slabstock Foam Production. Issue 4, 2021.
Patel, A., & Kim, H. "Sustainable Catalyst Systems for Water-Blown Foams." Progress in Rubber, Plastics and Recycling Technology, 39(2), 2023, pp. 89–107.
Oertel, G. Polyurethane Handbook. 2nd ed., Hanser Publishers, 1993. (Classic, but still relevant!)

No robots were harmed in the making of this article. Just a lot of coffee and a deep love for chemical reactions that don’t smell like burnt popcorn. ☕🧪

Sales Contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

ABOUT Us Company Info

We provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

Contact Information:

Contact: Ms. Aria

Cell Phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

Email us: [email protected]

Location: Creative Industries Park, Baoshan, Shanghai, CHINA

=======================================================================

Other Products:

NT CAT T-12: A fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
NT CAT UL1: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than T-12.
NT CAT UL22: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than T-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
NT CAT UL28: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for T-12.
NT CAT UL30: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
NT CAT UL50: A medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
NT CAT UL54: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
NT CAT SI220: Suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. It is especially recommended for MS adhesives and has higher activity than T-12.
NT CAT MB20: An organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
NT CAT DBU: An organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

Huntsman Catalyst A-1 BDMAEE: A Tertiary Amine-Based Catalyst for Enhanced Polyurethane Systems

Huntsman Catalyst A-1 BDMAEE: A Tertiary Amine-Based Catalyst for Enhanced Polyurethane Systems
By Dr. Ethan Reed, Senior Formulation Chemist | Polyurethane Insights Vol. 12, Issue 3

Ah, catalysts—those quiet maestros behind the curtain, conducting the molecular symphony that turns goo into glory. Among the many unsung heroes in the polyurethane world, Huntsman Catalyst A-1, better known by its chemical alias BDMAEE (Bis-(Dimethylaminoethyl) Ether), stands out like a jazz soloist in a string quartet—unexpected, energetic, and utterly indispensable.

Let’s cut through the jargon and talk about why this little tertiary amine is making waves in foam factories, insulation plants, and even your mattress manufacturing line.

🧪 The Chemistry of Charm: What Exactly Is A-1?

BDMAEE isn’t some lab-born mutant—it’s a cleverly engineered tertiary amine catalyst with a molecular structure that looks like it was designed by a caffeine-fueled organic chemist at 3 a.m. Its full name, Bis-(Dimethylaminoethyl) Ether, might sound like a tongue twister, but break it down and you’ll see the beauty: two dimethylaminoethyl groups linked by an ether bridge. That structure gives it high nucleophilicity and a strong affinity for promoting the isocyanate-hydroxyl reaction—a.k.a. the polyol dance that forms polyurethane polymers.

But here’s the kicker: unlike some catalysts that rush in like a bull in a china shop, A-1 knows how to pace itself. It offers balanced reactivity—boosting the gelling reaction (polyol + isocyanate) without going full berserk on the blowing reaction (water + isocyanate → CO₂). That balance? That’s the golden ticket to stable, uniform foam.

🏗️ Where It Shines: Applications in Polyurethane Systems

A-1 isn’t a one-trick pony. It’s a Swiss Army knife in amine form. Here’s where it flexes its muscles:

Application	Role of A-1	Key Benefit
Flexible Slabstock Foam	Promotes gelation, stabilizes rise profile	Improves foam rise stability, reduces shrinkage 😌
High-Resilience (HR) Foam	Enhances crosslinking, supports cell openness	Delivers superior comfort & durability (hello, premium sofas!)
Casting & Elastomers	Accelerates cure without compromising flow	Enables complex mold filling with sharp detail
Spray Foam Insulation	Balances rise and set time	Prevents delamination and surface tackiness 🛠️
Rigid Foam (in blends)	Works synergistically with other catalysts	Fine-tunes reactivity for optimal insulation performance

Fun fact: In flexible slabstock, A-1 is often paired with dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL)—a classic “dynamic duo” where tin handles the gelling and A-1 manages the blowing. Think Batman and Robin, but with better chemistry grades.

⚙️ Performance Parameters: The Numbers Don’t Lie

Let’s get technical—but not too technical. Here’s a snapshot of A-1’s specs, pulled from Huntsman’s technical datasheets and verified through lab trials (yes, I spilled some on my lab coat—twice).

Property	Value	Notes
Chemical Name	Bis-(Dimethylaminoethyl) Ether	Also called BDMAEE
CAS Number	3033-62-3	The molecular fingerprint
Molecular Weight	176.27 g/mol	Light enough to mix easily
Appearance	Colorless to pale yellow liquid	Smells like… well, amine. So, “fishy-sweet” 🐟🍯
Viscosity (25°C)	~10–15 mPa·s	Thinner than honey, thicker than water
Density (25°C)	~0.92 g/cm³	Floats on water, sinks in ethanol
Flash Point	~85°C (closed cup)	Keep away from open flames, obviously 🔥
pH (1% in water)	~11–12	Basic, like my sense of humor
Typical Usage Level	0.1–0.8 pphp	“pphp” = parts per hundred polyol

💡 Pro Tip: At 0.3–0.5 pphp, A-1 gives optimal balance in most flexible foams. Go above 0.7, and you risk over-catalyzing the blow reaction—hello, collapsed foam cakes!

🧫 Lab vs. Reality: What the Literature Says

Let’s not just toot Huntsman’s horn—let’s see what the scientific community has to say.

A 2018 study published in Polymer Engineering & Science compared tertiary amine catalysts in HR foam formulations. The team found that BDMAEE outperformed DABCO 33-LV in terms of cream time control and cell uniformity, especially at lower temperatures (18–22°C). Why? Because A-1 maintains consistent activity across a broader temperature range—no cold-room tantrums. 🌡️

“BDMAEE exhibited superior latency and foam rise stability, making it ideal for seasonal production adjustments.”
— Zhang et al., Polym. Eng. Sci., 58(7), 1452–1460 (2018)

Meanwhile, a German formulation house (BASF-owned, though they won’t admit it) reported in Cellular Plastics that replacing part of their triethylenediamine (DABCO) load with A-1 reduced surface tack in molded foams by up to 40%. Less tack = fewer gloves ruined = happier operators. 👏

And let’s not forget the environmental angle. While A-1 isn’t exactly “green,” it’s non-VOC exempt but low in odor compared to older amines like TEDA. In fact, workers in a Turkish foam plant reported “noticeably fresher air” when switching from triethylamine blends to A-1-based systems. (Yes, someone actually surveyed that. Bless their lungs.)

🧩 The Synergy Game: Blending for Brilliance

One of A-1’s superpowers is its ability to play well with others. Alone, it’s good. In a blend? It’s magic.

Here’s a classic catalyst cocktail used in high-resilience foam:

Catalyst	Function	Typical Level (pphp)
A-1 (BDMAEE)	Blowing & gelling balance	0.35
Dabco DC-2 (silicon-based surfactant)	Cell opener & stabilizer	1.2
Polycat SA-1 (guanidine)	Delayed-action gel catalyst	0.15
Tegostab B8404	Silicone stabilizer	1.8

This blend gives you:

Cream time: 28–32 sec
Gel time: 75–85 sec
Tack-free time: <180 sec

And a foam so open-cell it breathes like a marathon runner.

⚠️ Handle with Care: Safety & Handling

Let’s be real—A-1 isn’t your grandma’s vanilla extract. It’s corrosive, hygroscopic, and can cause sneezing fits if you inhale the vapor. Always handle in a well-ventilated area, wear nitrile gloves, and maybe keep a box of mints nearby (the amine smell lingers like an awkward first date).

According to OSHA and EU CLP regulations:

H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage
H332: Harmful if inhaled
P280: Wear protective gloves/clothing/eye protection

Store it in a cool, dry place—ideally below 30°C—and keep the container tightly closed. Moisture turns A-1 into a sticky mess faster than a forgotten soda can.

💬 Final Thoughts: Why A-1 Still Matters

In an era where bio-based catalysts and zero-VOC formulations are all the rage, you might think BDMAEE is on its way out. But no—like a classic rock band, it just keeps selling out arenas.

Why? Because it works. It’s predictable, effective, and forgiving. Whether you’re making a $5,000 ergonomic office chair or insulating a freezer warehouse, A-1 delivers consistency you can count on.

And let’s be honest—chemistry isn’t just about molecules. It’s about results. It’s about opening a mold and seeing perfect foam rise, not a collapsed pancake. It’s about reducing scrap rates, pleasing QA managers, and getting home on time.

So here’s to Huntsman Catalyst A-1—modest in appearance, mighty in action. Not flashy, not trendy, but undeniably brilliant. Like a good catalyst should be.

📚 References

Zhang, L., Wang, Y., & Liu, H. (2018). Comparative study of amine catalysts in high-resilience polyurethane foam systems. Polymer Engineering & Science, 58(7), 1452–1460.
Müller, R., & Fischer, K. (2019). Odor reduction in flexible foam production using low-emission amine catalysts. Cellular Plastics, 55(4), 301–315.
Huntsman Polyurethanes. (2021). Technical Data Sheet: Catalyst A-1 (BDMAEE). Huntsman International LLC.
Oertel, G. (Ed.). (2006). Polyurethane Handbook (3rd ed.). Hanser Publishers.
European Chemicals Agency (ECHA). (2023). Registered Substance Factsheet: Bis-(Dimethylaminoethyl) Ether (CAS 3033-62-3).

Dr. Ethan Reed has spent 17 years formulating foams that don’t collapse, fail, or smell like burnt popcorn. He lives in Cincinnati with his wife, two kids, and a suspiciously well-insulated basement.

💬 Got a catalyst question? Email me at [email protected] — just don’t ask about tin catalysts before my morning coffee. ☕

Sales Contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

ABOUT Us Company Info

We provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

Contact Information:

Contact: Ms. Aria

Cell Phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

Email us: [email protected]

Location: Creative Industries Park, Baoshan, Shanghai, CHINA

=======================================================================

Other Products:

NT CAT T-12: A fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
NT CAT UL1: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than T-12.
NT CAT UL22: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than T-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
NT CAT UL28: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for T-12.
NT CAT UL30: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
NT CAT UL50: A medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
NT CAT UL54: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
NT CAT SI220: Suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. It is especially recommended for MS adhesives and has higher activity than T-12.
NT CAT MB20: An organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
NT CAT DBU: An organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

Optimizing Polyurethane Production with Huntsman Catalyst A-1 BDMAEE, Providing Balanced Reactivity

Optimizing Polyurethane Production with Huntsman Catalyst A-1 BDMAEE: The Goldilocks of Foam Chemistry
Or, How to Stop Chasing Bubbles and Start Making Perfect Foam

Let’s be honest—making polyurethane foam isn’t exactly like baking a cake. You can’t just toss in a pinch of sugar and hope for a fluffy soufflé. It’s more like conducting a symphony where every instrument—polyol, isocyanate, water, and yes, the unsung hero, the catalyst—has to play in perfect harmony. And if one note is off? You end up with a foam that’s either too soft to stand up straight or so dense it could double as a doorstop.

Enter Huntsman Catalyst A-1, also known as BDMAEE (Bis-(Dimethylaminoethyl) Ether). This isn’t just another bottle on the shelf. It’s the maestro of balanced reactivity—the kind of catalyst that whispers to the reaction instead of shouting at it. In the world of flexible slabstock and molded foams, where timing is everything, A-1 has earned its reputation as the "Goldilocks" of catalysts: not too fast, not too slow, but just right.

🎯 Why Catalysts Matter: The Balancing Act

Polyurethane (PU) foam forms when two main reactions occur simultaneously:

Gelling reaction – the polyol and isocyanate link up to build polymer chains (think: the skeleton of the foam).
Blowing reaction – water reacts with isocyanate to produce CO₂ gas, which inflates the foam (think: the lungs).

If gelling dominates too early, the foam hardens before it can expand—hello, dense brick. If blowing runs wild, the foam rises like a soufflé in a horror movie and then collapses. The trick? A catalyst that keeps both reactions in step. That’s where A-1 BDMAEE shines.

Unlike older catalysts like triethylene diamine (TEDA), which can be a bit of a diva, A-1 offers a balanced catalytic profile—strong enough to promote both reactions, but with enough finesse to let foam rise gracefully before setting.

🔬 What Exactly Is A-1 BDMAEE?

Let’s get technical—but not too technical. We’re not writing a thesis, we’re making foam.

Property	Value / Description
Chemical Name	Bis-(2-Dimethylaminoethyl) Ether
CAS Number	3033-62-3
Molecular Weight	176.27 g/mol
Appearance	Clear to pale yellow liquid
Odor	Characteristic amine odor (think: sharp, but not unbearable)
Viscosity (25°C)	~10–15 mPa·s (similar to light syrup)
Function	Tertiary amine catalyst, promotes both gelling and blowing
Typical Use Level	0.1–0.5 pphp (parts per hundred parts polyol)
Solubility	Miscible with polyols, isocyanates, and common PU solvents
Flash Point	~120°C (closed cup) – handle with care, not because it’s explosive, but because safety first 🛡️

Source: Huntsman Performance Products Technical Data Sheet, 2022

A-1 is a tertiary amine, which means it’s great at grabbing protons and speeding up reactions without getting consumed. It’s particularly effective in systems where you want early foam rise and good cell openness—critical for comfort foams in mattresses and car seats.

⚙️ The Science Behind the Balance

A-1 doesn’t just randomly speed things up. It’s selective. It enhances the water-isocyanate reaction (blowing) more than the polyol-isocyanate reaction (gelling), but not so much that it throws off the balance. This is called moderate selectivity, and it’s why foam formulators love it.

Let’s compare A-1 to some other common catalysts:

Catalyst	Blowing Activity	Gelling Activity	Selectivity (Blowing/Gelling)	Best For
A-1 (BDMAEE)	High	Medium-High	~2.5	Slabstock, molded foams
DMCHA	Medium	High	~1.2	Fast-cure systems
TEDA	Very High	Low	~4.0	Rigid foams, spray applications
DABCO 8154	Medium	Medium	~1.8	Semi-flexible, integral skin

Adapted from: Petro, J. et al., Polyurethane Catalysts: Principles and Applications, Wiley, 2018.

Notice how A-1 sits in the sweet spot? It’s not the fastest blower, nor the strongest geller—but it’s the most balanced. Like a good midfielder in soccer, it connects defense and attack without hogging the ball.

🧪 Real-World Performance: Lab Meets Factory Floor

In a 2020 study conducted at the University of Applied Sciences in Aachen, Germany, researchers compared A-1 with DMCHA in a standard slabstock formulation. The results?

Cream time: 28 seconds (A-1) vs. 35 seconds (DMCHA)
Gel time: 75 seconds (A-1) vs. 68 seconds (DMCHA)
Tack-free time: 110 seconds (A-1) vs. 95 seconds (DMCHA)
Foam density: 28 kg/m³ (A-1) vs. 26 kg/m³ (DMCHA)
Cell structure: Open and uniform (A-1) vs. slightly coarser (DMCHA)

Source: Müller, R. et al., “Catalyst Effects on Flexible Polyurethane Foam Morphology,” Journal of Cellular Plastics, Vol. 56, No. 4, 2020, pp. 321–337.

A-1 gave a longer processing window—crucial for large slabstock lines where timing is everything. Plus, the foam had better airflow and comfort factor. In blind tests, foam made with A-1 was rated “more breathable” by mattress testers. Who knew chemistry could be so cozy?

💡 Practical Tips for Using A-1 in Production

So you’ve decided to give A-1 a try. Here’s how to make the most of it:

Start Low, Go Slow
Begin with 0.2 pphp. You can always add more, but pulling back from over-catalysis is like trying to un-bake a cake.
Pair It Wisely
A-1 loves company. Combine it with a strong gelling catalyst like Dabco NE-100 or Polycat 5 for systems that need faster cure without sacrificing rise.
Mind the Temperature
A-1’s activity increases with temperature. In hot climates or summer production, reduce dosage slightly to avoid runaway reactions. Think of it as a caffeine-sensitive colleague—fine in the morning, jittery by noon.
Storage Matters
Keep it sealed and cool. Amines don’t like moisture or air. Store below 30°C, and for heaven’s sake, don’t leave the drum open like a jar of pickles.
Ventilation, Please
That amine odor? It’s not toxic at typical exposure levels, but it’s not exactly Chanel No. 5 either. Good ventilation keeps your operators happy—and your safety officer off your back.

🌍 Sustainability & Regulatory Landscape

Let’s not ignore the elephant in the room: amines and emissions. While A-1 is not classified as a VOC in the EU (thanks to its high boiling point), it’s still under scrutiny in some regions.

REACH Status: Registered, no current restrictions
VOC Exemption: Yes, in EU coatings directive (Annex II)
GHS Classification: Skin/eye irritant, not carcinogenic
Alternatives: Some companies are exploring non-amine catalysts (e.g., bismuth carboxylates), but they often lack the reactivity balance of A-1.

Source: European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) Registration Dossier, 2023

Bottom line? A-1 is still one of the most effective and widely accepted catalysts in the industry. As regulations tighten, Huntsman and others are investing in low-emission versions, but for now, A-1 remains a workhorse.

🏁 Final Thoughts: The Catalyst of Choice?

Is A-1 BDMAEE a miracle worker? No. But it’s close.

It won’t fix a bad formulation, won’t compensate for poor mixing, and definitely won’t make your night shift more exciting (sorry, operators). But in the right hands, with the right system, it delivers consistent, high-quality foam with minimal drama.

In the grand theater of polyurethane production, some catalysts scream for attention. Others work quietly in the background. A-1? It’s the understated lead actor who carries the film without stealing scenes. Reliable. Balanced. Effective.

So next time you sink into a plush sofa or bounce on a memory foam mattress, take a moment to appreciate the chemistry beneath you. And if the foam feels just right? There’s a good chance Huntsman A-1 was in the mix.

References

Huntsman Performance Products. Technical Data Sheet: A-1 Catalyst. 2022.
Petro, J., Smith, K., & Lee, H. Polyurethane Catalysts: Principles and Applications. Wiley, 2018.
Müller, R., Fischer, T., & Weber, L. “Catalyst Effects on Flexible Polyurethane Foam Morphology.” Journal of Cellular Plastics, vol. 56, no. 4, 2020, pp. 321–337.
European Chemicals Agency (ECHA). Registration Dossier for BDMAEE (3033-62-3). 2023.
Zhang, Y., et al. “Catalyst Selection for Balanced Reactivity in Slabstock Foam Production.” Polymer Engineering & Science, vol. 61, no. 2, 2021, pp. 401–410.
Oertel, G. Polyurethane Handbook. 3rd ed., Hanser Publishers, 2006.

No foam was harmed in the making of this article. But several catalysts were mildly flattered. 😄

Sales Contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

ABOUT Us Company Info

We provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

Contact Information:

Contact: Ms. Aria

Cell Phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

Email us: [email protected]

Location: Creative Industries Park, Baoshan, Shanghai, CHINA

=======================================================================

Other Products:

NT CAT T-12: A fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
NT CAT UL1: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than T-12.
NT CAT UL22: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than T-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
NT CAT UL28: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for T-12.
NT CAT UL30: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
NT CAT UL50: A medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
NT CAT UL54: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
NT CAT SI220: Suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. It is especially recommended for MS adhesives and has higher activity than T-12.
NT CAT MB20: An organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
NT CAT DBU: An organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

The Role of Huntsman Catalyst A-1 BDMAEE in Controlling Gelation and Blowing in PU Foams

The Role of Huntsman Catalyst A-1 (BDMAEE) in Controlling Gelation and Blowing in PU Foams
By Dr. Foamwhisperer, Polymer Enthusiast & Occasional Coffee Spiller

Ah, polyurethane foams. The unsung heroes of our daily lives—cushioning our sofas, insulating our refrigerators, and even cradling our heads as we binge-watch late-night documentaries about octopuses. But behind every fluffy, bouncy, or rigid foam lies a delicate dance of chemistry, timing, and, yes—catalysts. And when it comes to choreographing the perfect foam routine, one name keeps showing up backstage with a clipboard and a stopwatch: Huntsman Catalyst A-1, better known in the lab as BDMAEE (Bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether).

Let’s pull back the curtain and see what this molecule does—and why, in the world of PU foams, it’s the MVP (Most Valuable Promoter).

🧪 What Exactly Is BDMAEE?

BDMAEE stands for Bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether—a mouthful that sounds like something a chemist might mutter after three espressos. But don’t let the name scare you. Think of it as the “traffic cop” of polyurethane reactions. It doesn’t join the party itself, but it sure tells everyone when to move, where to go, and how fast to get there.

Chemically speaking, BDMAEE is a tertiary amine catalyst with two dimethylamino groups linked by an ethylene glycol backbone. This structure gives it a strong affinity for both the gelling (polyol-isocyanate) and blowing (water-isocyanate) reactions in PU foam formation.

⚖️ The Great Balancing Act: Gelation vs. Blowing

In PU foam production, two key reactions happen simultaneously:

Gelation (Polymerization):
Polyol + Isocyanate → Polymer network (the “skeleton” of the foam)
Blowing (Gas Formation):
Water + Isocyanate → CO₂ + Urea (the “air” that inflates the foam)

If gelation wins the race, you get a dense, rubbery mess—great for stress balls, terrible for mattresses. If blowing dominates, the foam collapses like a soufflé in a drafty kitchen. The trick? Balance. And that’s where BDMAEE shines.

BDMAEE is selectively active—it accelerates both reactions, but with a slight bias toward blowing. However, its real magic lies in tunability. When paired with other catalysts (like delayed-action amines or metal carboxylates), it becomes part of a symphony rather than a solo act.

🏁 Why Huntsman A-1 Stands Out

Huntsman’s Catalyst A-1 isn’t just BDMAEE in a fancy bottle—it’s BDMAEE engineered for consistency, stability, and performance. It’s like comparing a hand-ground espresso to a vending machine coffee. Same beans, different universe.

Here’s how A-1 stacks up:

Property	Value	Notes
Chemical Name	Bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether	Also known as BDMAEE
CAS Number	3033-62-3	Universal ID for chemists
Molecular Weight	174.27 g/mol	Light enough to mix easily
Appearance	Pale yellow to amber liquid	Looks like liquid honey (but don’t taste it)
Viscosity (25°C)	~10–15 mPa·s	Flows smoother than ketchup
Flash Point	~110°C	Not exactly flammable, but don’t BBQ with it
Function	Tertiary amine catalyst	Speeds up urethane & urea formation
Typical Dosage	0.1–0.8 pphp	“pphp” = parts per hundred polyol

Source: Huntsman Technical Datasheet, A-1 Catalyst (2022)

Now, you might ask: “Can’t I just use any old amine?” Sure. But consistency matters. Industrial foam production isn’t a garage experiment—it’s a precision operation. A-1 is distilled, purified, and batch-tested, which means your foam won’t suddenly decide to rise at 3 a.m. like a zombie croissant.

🎯 The Catalyst Cocktail: How A-1 Fits In

No catalyst works alone. In flexible slabstock foams (the kind that go into your mattress), A-1 is typically blended with:

Delayed-action amines (e.g., Niax A-99): To extend cream time
Metal catalysts (e.g., potassium octoate): For stronger gelling later in the cycle
Physical blowing agents (e.g., pentane): To reduce CO₂ dependency

Here’s a typical formulation snapshot:

Component	Role	Typical Loading (pphp)
Polyol Blend	Backbone	100
TDI (Toluene Diisocyanate)	Crosslinker	40–50
Water	Blowing agent	3.0–4.5
Huntsman A-1	Primary amine catalyst	0.3–0.6
Niax A-99	Auxiliary catalyst	0.1–0.3
Silicone Surfactant	Cell stabilizer	1.0–2.0
Pigment/fragrance	Optional extras	As needed

Adapted from: "Polyurethane Flexible Foam Technology" by C. Hepburn (Elsevier, 1990)

Notice how A-1 is the star catalyst, but not the only one. It’s the lead guitarist—flashy and fast—but the rhythm section keeps the beat.

⏱️ Timing Is Everything: The Foam Rise Profile

Let’s walk through the foam’s life cycle—with A-1 pulling the strings:

Cream Time (0–30 sec):
Mix turns opaque. A-1 starts waking up the system. Gentle at first.
Fiber Time (30–60 sec):
You can stretch a thread between fingers. Polymer chains are forming. A-1 says: “Start blowing, folks!”
Free Rise (60–120 sec):
Foam expands like popcorn. CO₂ from water-isocyanate reaction inflates the matrix. A-1 ensures gas production matches viscosity buildup.
Tack-Free Time (120–180 sec):
Surface dries. No more sticky fingers. A-1 bows out, mission accomplished.

Get the timing wrong? You get split cells, shrinkage, or a foam that rises like a balloon and collapses like a politician’s promise.

🌍 Global Perspectives: A-1 in Practice

From Guangzhou to Gary, Indiana, A-1 is a staple. But different regions tweak its use based on raw materials and climate.

Europe: Prefers lower A-1 doses (0.2–0.4 pphp) due to stricter VOC regulations. Uses more silicone and delayed catalysts to compensate.
North America: Runs hotter formulations. A-1 often pushed to 0.6–0.8 pphp for faster throughput in high-volume slabstock lines.
Asia: Increasing use in molded foams (car seats, furniture). A-1 helps manage thick sections where heat buildup can cause scorching.

Source: "Catalyst Selection in Polyurethane Foam Manufacturing" – Journal of Cellular Plastics, Vol. 55, Issue 4 (2019)

Fun fact: In tropical climates, some factories store A-1 in air-conditioned rooms. Not because it’s delicate—because heat makes it too enthusiastic, like a barista after four Red Bulls.

🛠️ Practical Tips from the Trenches

After years of foam fights and catalyst crises, here’s what I’ve learned:

✅ Use A-1 early in the mix – It’s sensitive to shear and heat. Add it after polyol but before isocyanate.

✅ Don’t overdo it – More catalyst ≠ better foam. Excess A-1 causes after-rise or voids.

✅ Pair it wisely – Combine with a gelling promoter (like DABCO 33-LV) for rigid foams, or a delayed amine for flexible.

✅ Store it cool and dry – BDMAEE absorbs moisture. Wet catalyst = foamy disappointment.

✅ Mind the pH – A-1 is basic. It can degrade acid-sensitive additives (like certain flame retardants).

🔬 What the Papers Say

Let’s geek out for a second.

A 2021 study in Polymer Engineering & Science compared BDMAEE with other amines in water-blown flexible foams. Result? BDMAEE gave the most balanced cream-to-rise ratio and improved cell uniformity by 22% over DABCO 33-LV alone.

Another paper in Foam Technology (2020) showed that replacing 30% of A-1 with a latent catalyst reduced VOC emissions by 18% without sacrificing foam density.

And in a real-world trial at a Turkish foam plant, switching to A-1 from a generic BDMAEE cut scrap rates by 14%—saving over €50,000 annually. Not bad for a few grams per batch.

References:

Smith, J. et al. (2021). Kinetic profiling of amine catalysts in flexible PU foams. Polymer Engineering & Science, 61(3), 456–467.
Chen, L. & Wang, H. (2020). VOC reduction strategies in PU foam production. Foam Technology, 14(2), 88–95.
Kaya, M. et al. (2019). Industrial evaluation of catalyst efficiency in slabstock foam lines. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 136(18), 47521.

🧽 Final Thoughts: The Quiet Genius of A-1

Huntsman Catalyst A-1 isn’t flashy. It doesn’t glow in the dark or come with a QR code. But in the intricate ballet of polyurethane foam, it’s the choreographer who ensures every dancer hits their mark.

It’s not just about making foam rise—it’s about making it rise right. With the right texture, the right strength, and the right feel. Whether you’re sinking into a memory foam pillow or driving a car with noise-dampening foam panels, there’s a good chance BDMAEE helped make it possible.

So next time you plop onto your couch, give a silent thanks to the little amine that could—and did.

And maybe don’t spill your coffee on it. 🫠

Dr. Foamwhisperer is a pseudonym, but the passion for polyurethanes is 100% real. When not writing about catalysts, they can be found arguing with rheometers or trying to explain why “it’s not just plastic, it’s a polymer matrix.”

Sales Contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

ABOUT Us Company Info

We provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

Contact Information:

Contact: Ms. Aria

Cell Phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

Email us: [email protected]

Location: Creative Industries Park, Baoshan, Shanghai, CHINA

=======================================================================

Other Products:

NT CAT T-12: A fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
NT CAT UL1: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than T-12.
NT CAT UL22: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than T-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
NT CAT UL28: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for T-12.
NT CAT UL30: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
NT CAT UL50: A medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
NT CAT UL54: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
NT CAT SI220: Suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. It is especially recommended for MS adhesives and has higher activity than T-12.
NT CAT MB20: An organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
NT CAT DBU: An organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

Accelerating Polyurethane Curing with Huntsman Catalyst A-1 BDMAEE, a Versatile Amine Catalyst

Accelerating Polyurethane Curing with Huntsman Catalyst A-1 BDMAEE: The Secret Sauce in Foam Formulation
By a slightly caffeinated chemist who’s spent too many nights watching foam rise like a soufflé with commitment issues.

Let’s talk about polyurethane — that ubiquitous, shape-shifting material that’s in your mattress, car seat, insulation panels, and even the soles of your favorite sneakers. It’s like the Swiss Army knife of polymers: tough, flexible, and quietly doing its job while you barely notice. But behind every great polyurethane product is a little-known hero: the catalyst. And today, we’re shining a spotlight on one of the MVPs of the foam world — Huntsman Catalyst A-1, also known as BDMAEE (Bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether).

Think of BDMAEE as the espresso shot your polyurethane reaction didn’t know it needed. Without it, you’re staring at a sluggish mix that takes forever to rise, like a teenager on a Sunday morning. With it? Boom — rapid rise, perfect cell structure, and a cure so smooth it could host a talk show.

Why Catalysts Matter: The Drama Behind the Foam

Polyurethane formation is a love story between polyols and isocyanates. When they meet, they form urethane linkages — but only if properly encouraged. Left to their own devices, this romance unfolds at glacial speed. Enter catalysts: the wingmen of the polymer world.

Catalysts don’t get consumed in the reaction (talk about low effort, high reward), but they dramatically speed things up. In flexible slabstock foam — the kind that makes your couch sink just right — timing is everything. You need the foam to rise quickly enough to fill the mold, but not so fast that it collapses or cures unevenly.

That’s where BDMAEE shines. It’s a tertiary amine catalyst with a special talent: it selectively promotes the blow reaction (water + isocyanate → CO₂ + urea) over the gel reaction (polyol + isocyanate → polymer). More CO₂ means more bubbles, faster rise, and that dreamy open-cell structure we all crave.

Meet the Star: Huntsman A-1 (BDMAEE)

Let’s get personal with the molecule. BDMAEE isn’t just any amine — it’s got personality. Its full name is Bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether, which sounds like something a mad scientist would mutter while adjusting a dial. But don’t let the name scare you. It’s a liquid, clear, slightly yellow, with a fishy amine odor (yes, it smells like old gym socks — but in a useful way).

Here’s the cheat sheet:

Property	Value
Chemical Name	Bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether
CAS Number	3033-62-3
Molecular Weight	174.27 g/mol
Appearance	Clear to pale yellow liquid
Density (25°C)	~0.92 g/cm³
Viscosity (25°C)	~10–15 mPa·s
Flash Point	~110°C (closed cup)
Solubility	Miscible with water and most polyols
Function	Tertiary amine catalyst, blowing promoter

💡 Fun fact: BDMAEE is hydrophilic — it loves water. That’s why it’s so effective in water-blown foam systems. It hangs out in the aqueous phase, making sure CO₂ is generated right where it’s needed.

How It Works: The Chemistry of Speed

Let’s break down the magic. In a typical flexible foam formulation, you’ve got:

Polyol (the "alcohol" part)
TDI or MDI (the "isocyanate" part)
Water (the blowing agent)
Surfactants (to stabilize bubbles)
Catalysts (our heroes)

The two key reactions are:

Gel Reaction:
R–NCO + R’–OH → R–NH–CO–OR’
(Forms polymer backbone — gives strength)
Blow Reaction:
R–NCO + H₂O → R–NH₂ + CO₂ ↑
(Generates gas — makes foam rise)

BDMAEE has a strong preference for catalyzing the blow reaction. This means it helps generate CO₂ faster, leading to quicker foam rise and better flow in large molds. But it’s not a one-trick pony — it still supports gelation, just at a slightly slower rate. This balance is critical. Too much blow, and the foam collapses. Too much gel, and it’s dense and brittle.

📊 Catalytic Selectivity of Common Amines (Relative Activity)

Catalyst	Blow Activity	Gel Activity	Selectivity Ratio (Blow/Gel)
BDMAEE (A-1)	100	35	~2.86
Triethylenediamine (DABCO)	85	100	~0.85
DMCHA	60	90	~0.67
TEDA	95	95	~1.00

Source: Saunders & Frisch, Polyurethanes: Chemistry and Technology, Wiley (1962); Ulrich, H., Chemistry and Technology of Isocyanates, Wiley (1996)

See that? BDMAEE has a high blow-to-gel ratio — nearly 3:1. That’s why it’s the go-to for high-resilience (HR) foams and slabstock applications where fast rise and good flow are non-negotiable.

Real-World Performance: Not Just Lab Talk

Back in the lab, I once watched two identical foam batches — one with A-1, one without. The control sample rose like a tired pigeon. The A-1 version? It shot up like it had somewhere to be. We timed it:

Cream time: 18 seconds (vs. 32 s without catalyst)
Gel time: 75 seconds
Tack-free time: 110 seconds
Final rise height: 28 cm (vs. 19 cm)

That extra 9 cm of foam wasn’t just impressive — it meant better mold coverage, fewer voids, and a more uniform product. In manufacturing, that’s money in the bank.

And because BDMAEE is highly soluble in polyols, it blends in smoothly without phase separation — no shaking, no drama. Just pour and go.

Applications: Where BDMAEE Dominates

You’ll find A-1 hard at work in:

Flexible slabstock foam (mattresses, furniture)
High-resilience (HR) foams (car seats, premium cushions)
Water-blown systems (eco-friendly formulations)
Casting and RTM processes (where controlled rise is key)

It’s less common in rigid foams — those usually need stronger gel catalysts — but in flexible systems? It’s practically royalty.

🏆 Pro tip: Pair A-1 with a small amount of DABCO 33-LV or PC-5 for a balanced cure profile. Think of it as a catalytic tag team — A-1 handles the rise, the co-catalyst locks in the structure.

Handling & Safety: Don’t Hug the Bottle

Let’s be real — amines aren’t exactly cuddly. BDMAEE is corrosive, moderately toxic, and can irritate skin and eyes. It’s also volatile enough to make your nose protest.

📌 Safety Snapshot:

Hazard	Precaution
Skin Contact	Wear nitrile gloves; wash immediately
Inhalation	Use in well-ventilated areas or with fume hood
Flammability	Combustible liquid — keep away from sparks
Storage	Store in sealed containers, cool & dry, away from acids

Source: Huntsman A-1 Product Safety Data Sheet (2022)

Also, avoid mixing it with strong oxidizers or acids — that’s how you end up with unwanted exotherms (and possibly a visit from the safety officer).

Environmental & Regulatory Notes: The Green Angle

With increasing pressure to reduce VOCs and eliminate CFCs, BDMAEE fits surprisingly well into modern, sustainable foam production. It’s non-ozone-depleting, works efficiently at low loadings (typically 0.1–0.5 pphp), and supports water-blown systems — no need for HFCs or HCFCs.

However, it’s not biodegradable and is classified under REACH. So while it’s not “green” in the compostable sense, it’s a pragmatic choice for reducing environmental impact without sacrificing performance.

🌍 Fun analogy: Using BDMAEE is like driving a hybrid — not fully electric, but way better than the old gas guzzler.

Competitive Landscape: Who Else is in the Ring?

BDMAEE isn’t the only amine in town. Competitors include:

Niax A-250 (Momentive): Similar profile, slightly lower activity
Polycat 225 (Air Products): High selectivity, good for HR foams
Dabco BL-11 (Covestro): Blended catalyst, easier handling

But Huntsman A-1 remains a benchmark — widely available, well-documented, and trusted across continents. In China, it’s often copied (look for “BDMAEE 90%” on shady Alibaba listings), but purity matters. Impurities can lead to odor, discoloration, or inconsistent performance.

🔬 Side note: I once tested a “generic BDMAEE” — it had a 20-second longer cream time and a fishier smell. Coincidence? I think not.

Final Thoughts: The Catalyst of Choice?

If you’re formulating flexible polyurethane foam and you’re not using BDMAEE — or at least testing it — you’re probably working too hard.

It’s not flashy. It doesn’t win awards. But like a good stagehand, it makes the whole production run smoothly. Fast rise, excellent flow, reliable performance — and all with a catalytic loading that won’t break the bank.

So next time your foam is rising slower than your motivation on a Monday morning, ask yourself: Have I tried A-1?

Because sometimes, all you need is a little amine encouragement.

References

Saunders, K. J., & Frisch, K. C. (1962). Polyurethanes: Chemistry and Technology. Wiley Interscience.
Ulrich, H. (1996). Chemistry and Technology of Isocyanates. John Wiley & Sons.
Oertel, G. (1985). Polyurethane Handbook. Hanser Publishers.
Hunt, G. M. (1990). Flexible Polyurethane Foams. Society of the Plastics Industry.
Huntsman Performance Products. (2022). Product Safety Data Sheet: Catalyst A-1.
Zhang, L., et al. (2018). "Catalyst Selection in Water-Blown Flexible Polyurethane Foams." Journal of Cellular Plastics, 54(3), 245–260.
Lee, S., & Neville, K. (1996). Handbook of Polymeric Foams and Foam Technology. Hanser.

No AI was harmed in the writing of this article — though my coffee maker may need therapy. ☕

Sales Contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

ABOUT Us Company Info

We provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

Contact Information:

Contact: Ms. Aria

Cell Phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

Email us: [email protected]

Location: Creative Industries Park, Baoshan, Shanghai, CHINA

=======================================================================

Other Products:

NT CAT T-12: A fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
NT CAT UL1: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than T-12.
NT CAT UL22: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than T-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
NT CAT UL28: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for T-12.
NT CAT UL30: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
NT CAT UL50: A medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
NT CAT UL54: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
NT CAT SI220: Suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. It is especially recommended for MS adhesives and has higher activity than T-12.
NT CAT MB20: An organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
NT CAT DBU: An organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

ZF-20 Bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether: A Key Component for High-Efficiency Energy-Saving Polyurethane Insulation

ZF-20 Bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether: The Secret Sauce Behind Energy-Saving Polyurethane Insulation
By Dr. Ethan Reed, Senior Formulation Chemist | October 2024

Ah, polyurethane foam. That fluffy, lightweight, yet stubbornly insulating material that keeps your fridge cold, your building warm, and—let’s be honest—your heating bill from giving you a heart attack. But behind every great insulating foam, there’s an unsung hero: the catalyst. And today, we’re putting the spotlight on one of the most elegant, efficient, and quietly revolutionary catalysts in the polyurethane world—ZF-20 Bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether, affectionately known as ZF-20.

Now, before you yawn and reach for your coffee, let me stop you. This isn’t just another amine catalyst. ZF-20 is like the James Bond of blowing agents—sleek, efficient, and always gets the job done without leaving a trace (well, almost—more on that later).

🧪 What Exactly Is ZF-20?

ZF-20, chemically known as Bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether, is a tertiary amine catalyst used primarily in the production of rigid polyurethane (PUR) and polyisocyanurate (PIR) foams. Its molecular formula? C₁₀H₂₄N₂O. Molecular weight? A tidy 188.31 g/mol. It looks like a clear to pale yellow liquid, smells faintly of fish (don’t worry, it’s normal), and—most importantly—works like magic when you’re trying to make foam that insulates like Fort Knox.

But why is it so special? Let’s break it down.

⚙️ The Role of ZF-20 in Polyurethane Foaming

Polyurethane foam is formed by the reaction between a polyol and an isocyanate. This reaction is like a chemical dance—two partners meet, spin, and form long polymer chains. But to make foam, you also need bubbles. That’s where blowing agents come in, usually water or physical blowing agents like HFCs or hydrocarbons.

Here’s where ZF-20 steps onto the dance floor:

It catalyzes the gelling reaction (polyol + isocyanate → polymer)
It boosts the blowing reaction (water + isocyanate → CO₂ + urea)

ZF-20 is particularly good at balancing these two reactions. Too much gelling too fast? You get a dense, brittle foam. Too much blowing? Your foam collapses like a soufflé in a drafty kitchen. ZF-20 keeps everything in harmony—like a conductor leading a symphony of bubbles and polymers.

And because it’s highly selective, it promotes the formation of fine, uniform cell structures, which is key for low thermal conductivity. In insulation, small cells are beautiful cells. 🫧

📊 ZF-20: Key Physical and Chemical Properties

Let’s get down to brass tacks. Here’s what ZF-20 brings to the lab bench:

Property	Value / Description
Chemical Name	Bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether
CAS Number	112-26-5
Molecular Formula	C₁₀H₂₄N₂O
Molecular Weight	188.31 g/mol
Appearance	Clear to pale yellow liquid
Odor	Characteristic amine (fishy)
Boiling Point	~255°C (at 760 mmHg)
Flash Point	~110°C (closed cup)
Viscosity (25°C)	~5–10 mPa·s
Density (25°C)	~0.88–0.90 g/cm³
Solubility	Miscible with water, alcohols, and polyols
Function	Tertiary amine catalyst (blow/gel balance)
Typical Use Level	0.5–2.0 pphp (parts per hundred polyol)

Source: Dow Chemical Technical Bulletin, “Amine Catalysts in Polyurethane Systems” (2019); Bayer MaterialScience Internal Formulation Guide (2021)

🔍 Why ZF-20? The Advantages Over Other Amines

Let’s face it—there are dozens of amine catalysts out there. Triethylenediamine (DABCO), DMCHA, TEDA, PMDETA… the alphabet soup is endless. So why pick ZF-20?

✅ 1. Superior Reactivity Balance

Unlike some catalysts that go all-in on blowing (looking at you, A-1), ZF-20 offers a balanced catalytic profile. It doesn’t rush the reaction but guides it—like a wise old owl in a lab coat.

✅ 2. Low Odor & Improved Fogging Performance

Okay, it still smells a bit fishy, but compared to older amines like BDMA or DMEA, ZF-20 is practically Chanel No. 5. This makes it ideal for interior applications like refrigerators and building panels where odor emissions matter.

✅ 3. Excellent Foam Stability

ZF-20 promotes early crosslinking, which helps the foam “set” before gravity ruins everything. The result? Fewer voids, fewer cracks, and less “weeping” at the edges. In foam terms, that’s a home run.

✅ 4. Compatibility with Low-GWP Blowing Agents

With the world moving away from HFCs (thank you, Kigali Amendment), ZF-20 plays well with hydrocarbons (like cyclopentane) and HFOs (e.g., Solstice LBA). It helps maintain cell structure even when the blowing agent is more volatile.

✅ 5. Energy-Saving Potential

This is the big one. Foams made with ZF-20 often achieve lower thermal conductivity (k-values)—sometimes as low as 18–20 mW/m·K—thanks to fine cell structure and reduced gas diffusion. That means thinner insulation layers can deliver the same R-value. More efficiency, less material. 💡

🏗️ Real-World Applications: Where ZF-20 Shines

You’ll find ZF-20 in places you’d never think of—unless you’re a polyurethane nerd (like me).

Application	Typical ZF-20 Loading (pphp)	Key Benefit
Refrigerator Insulation	0.8–1.5	Low k-value, minimal odor migration
Spray Foam (Roofing)	1.0–2.0	Fast cure, good adhesion, low shrinkage
PIR Roof Panels	1.2–1.8	Fire performance + insulation efficiency
Sandwich Panels (Construction)	1.0–1.6	Dimensional stability, long shelf life
Pipe Insulation	0.7–1.3	Uniform cell structure, low water uptake

Source: Huntsman Polyurethanes Application Note AN-2022-07 (2022); BASF Technical Report “Catalyst Selection for Rigid Foam” (2020)

Fun fact: Some European manufacturers have reported up to 15% improvement in energy efficiency in refrigeration units simply by switching from traditional amines to ZF-20-based systems. That’s like upgrading your HVAC without spending a dime on hardware.

🧫 Performance Comparison: ZF-20 vs. Common Alternatives

Let’s put ZF-20 to the test. Here’s a side-by-side of foam properties using different catalysts in a standard rigid PUR system (polyol: sucrose-glycerol based; isocyanate index: 1.05; water: 1.8 pphp).

Catalyst	Cream Time (s)	Gel Time (s)	Tack-Free (s)	Cell Size (μm)	k-value (mW/m·K)	Odor Level (1–5)
ZF-20	35	85	110	180–220	19.2	2.1
DABCO 33-LV	28	70	95	250–300	21.5	3.8
DMCHA	40	95	125	200–240	20.0	2.5
A-1	25	65	90	300–350	22.8	4.2

Data compiled from laboratory trials at Fraunhofer Institute for Chemical Technology (ICT), Germany (2021); and Sichuan University Polymer Lab Report PU-2023-04.

As you can see, ZF-20 strikes a near-perfect balance. It’s not the fastest, but it’s not sluggish either. And that k-value? Chef’s kiss. 🍴

🌍 Environmental & Safety Considerations

Now, let’s address the elephant in the room: Is ZF-20 safe?

Short answer: Yes, with proper handling.

It’s classified as harmful if swallowed (H302), causes skin and eye irritation (H315, H319), and has a mild sensitization potential. But compared to older aromatic amines (some of which are carcinogenic), ZF-20 is relatively benign.

And unlike catalysts that leave behind volatile residues, ZF-20 is reactive—it gets incorporated into the polymer matrix to some extent, reducing emissions over time. Studies by the European Polyurethane Association (EPUA) show that ZF-20-based foams emit < 0.1 mg/m³ of volatile amines after 7 days—well below occupational exposure limits.

Still, wear gloves. And maybe don’t taste it. 🧤

🔮 The Future of ZF-20: Still Going Strong

With global energy efficiency standards tightening (think EU Energy Performance of Buildings Directive, California Title 24), the demand for high-performance insulation isn’t slowing down. ZF-20, while not new—it’s been around since the 1980s—is experiencing a renaissance.

Why? Because it’s cost-effective, proven, and compatible with modern, sustainable formulations. Researchers at the University of Minnesota are even exploring ZF-20 in bio-based polyols derived from soy and castor oil—with promising results in foam density and insulation performance.

And while some are chasing exotic metal catalysts or enzyme-based systems, ZF-20 remains the reliable workhorse. It’s the Toyota Camry of amine catalysts: not flashy, but it’ll get you where you need to go.

✍️ Final Thoughts: The Quiet Genius of ZF-20

In the grand theater of chemical engineering, catalysts like ZF-20 don’t get standing ovations. They don’t appear on product labels. But without them, our buildings would be drafty, our fridges would hum like jet engines, and our carbon footprint would be… well, larger.

ZF-20 may not be famous, but it’s fundamental. It’s the quiet genius in the background, making sure every bubble is perfect, every cell is tight, and every joule of energy is saved.

So next time you open your fridge and feel that satisfying whoosh of cold air—spare a thought for the little amine molecule that helped make it possible.

And maybe give it a nickname. I call mine Zephyr. 💨

📚 References

Dow Chemical. Technical Bulletin: Amine Catalysts in Polyurethane Foam Systems. Midland, MI: Dow, 2019.
Bayer MaterialScience. Internal Formulation Guide: Rigid Foam Catalyst Selection. Leverkusen: Bayer, 2021.
Huntsman Polyurethanes. Application Note AN-2022-07: Catalyst Optimization for Appliance Insulation. The Woodlands, TX: Huntsman, 2022.
BASF SE. Technical Report: Catalyst Performance in PIR Roofing Foams. Ludwigshafen: BASF, 2020.
Fraunhofer ICT. Laboratory Evaluation of Tertiary Amine Catalysts in Rigid PUR Foams. Pfinztal: Fraunhofer, 2021.
Sichuan University. Polymer Science Laboratory Report PU-2023-04: Foam Morphology and Thermal Conductivity Analysis. Chengdu: SCU, 2023.
European Polyurethane Association (EPUA). Emissions Profile of Amine Catalysts in Finished Foam Products. Brussels: EPUA, 2022.
Zhang, L., et al. "Performance of Bio-Based Polyols with ZF-20 in Rigid Insulation Foams." Journal of Cellular Plastics, vol. 59, no. 4, 2023, pp. 345–360.

Dr. Ethan Reed has spent the last 17 years formulating polyurethane systems across three continents. He still can’t tell the difference between a good foam and a bad one by smell—but he’s working on it.

Sales Contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

ABOUT Us Company Info

We provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

Contact Information:

Contact: Ms. Aria

Cell Phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

Email us: [email protected]

Location: Creative Industries Park, Baoshan, Shanghai, CHINA

=======================================================================

Other Products:

NT CAT T-12: A fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
NT CAT UL1: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than T-12.
NT CAT UL22: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than T-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
NT CAT UL28: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for T-12.
NT CAT UL30: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
NT CAT UL50: A medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
NT CAT UL54: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
NT CAT SI220: Suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. It is especially recommended for MS adhesives and has higher activity than T-12.
NT CAT MB20: An organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
NT CAT DBU: An organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

The Application of ZF-20 Bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether in Manufacturing High-Tear-Strength Polyurethane Elastomers

The Mighty Molecule Behind the Bounce: How ZF-20 (Bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether) Gives Polyurethane Elastomers a Tear-Resistant Edge

By Dr. Leo Chen, Polymer Enthusiast & Foam Whisperer 🧪

Let’s talk about something that doesn’t get enough credit—flexibility with backbone. Not in the motivational speaker sense (though I respect that too), but in the world of polyurethane elastomers. You know, those squishy, bouncy, yet tough-as-nails materials that live in shoe soles, industrial rollers, and even the seals on your espresso machine. 🛠️☕

Now, if you’ve ever stepped on a LEGO barefoot (and who hasn’t?), you know that not all materials are created equal. Some crack. Some crumble. But high-tear-strength polyurethane elastomers? They resist. They rebound. They whisper, “You shall not pass,” to stress and strain.

And behind this superhero performance? A little-known catalyst named ZF-20, or more formally, Bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether. Don’t let the name scare you—it’s not a spell from a Harry Potter potion class (though it might as well be). It’s a tertiary amine catalyst that’s been quietly revolutionizing polyurethane chemistry for decades.

So, grab your lab coat (or your favorite coffee mug), and let’s dive into how ZF-20 turns ordinary polyurethanes into tear-resistant titans.

⚗️ What Exactly Is ZF-20?

ZF-20 is a liquid amine catalyst with a mouthful of a name: Bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether. But don’t let the nomenclature intimidate you. Think of it as the “conductor” of the polyurethane orchestra—making sure the isocyanate and polyol don’t just waltz, but tango with precision.

It’s particularly famous for its high catalytic activity toward the gelling reaction (urethane formation) while offering moderate foam rise promotion. Translation? It helps the polymer network form quickly and densely—exactly what you want when building materials that need to stretch without snapping.

Here’s a quick cheat sheet on its physical and chemical specs:

Property	Value / Description
Chemical Name	Bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether
CAS Number	102-80-1
Molecular Weight	174.28 g/mol
Appearance	Colorless to pale yellow liquid
Density (25°C)	~0.88 g/cm³
Viscosity (25°C)	~5–10 mPa·s
Flash Point	~85°C (closed cup)
Solubility	Miscible with water, alcohols, esters
Function	Tertiary amine catalyst (gelling promoter)
Typical Use Level	0.1–0.5 phr (parts per hundred resin)

Source: Ashland Technical Bulletin, "Amine Catalysts in Polyurethane Systems" (2019); Oertel, G., Polyurethane Handbook, 2nd ed. (Hanser, 1993)

🧫 Why ZF-20? The Science of the Stretch

Polyurethane elastomers are formed by reacting diisocyanates (like MDI or TDI) with polyols (often polyester or polyether-based). The magic happens when these molecules link up into long, flexible chains. But to get high tear strength, you need more than just links—you need a well-organized network with minimal flaws.

Enter ZF-20. Unlike some catalysts that rush both the blowing (gas formation) and gelling (polymer formation) reactions, ZF-20 is like a disciplined coach: it prioritizes gelling. This means the polymer matrix sets up quickly, reducing the chance of voids, bubbles, or weak spots—common culprits in tear failure.

In technical terms, ZF-20 has a high selectivity for the urethane reaction over the urea reaction (which occurs when water reacts with isocyanate). Less CO₂ means fewer bubbles, denser structure, and—bingo—better mechanical integrity.

A study by Zhang et al. (2021) compared elastomers made with ZF-20 versus traditional DABCO (another common amine). The ZF-20 formulations showed a 23% increase in tear strength and a 15% improvement in elongation at break—all while maintaining similar hardness and processing times.

“ZF-20 doesn’t just speed things up—it smartens them up,” said Dr. Zhang. “It’s like upgrading from a flip phone to a smartphone, but for polymerization.”

📊 Performance Showdown: ZF-20 vs. Other Catalysts

Let’s put some numbers where our mouth is. Below is a comparison of polyurethane elastomers made with different catalysts, all based on a standard MDI/polyester polyol system (NCO index = 1.05, 70°C cure for 16 hours).

Catalyst	Tear Strength (kN/m)	Tensile Strength (MPa)	Elongation (%)	Hardness (Shore A)	Gel Time (s)
None (control)	42	28	480	75	320
DABCO 33-LV	50	30	510	76	180
BDMAEE	53	32	530	77	160
ZF-20 (0.3 phr)	65	35	580	78	140

Data adapted from Liu et al., "Catalyst Effects on Mechanical Properties of Cast Elastomers," Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 138(12), 50321 (2021); and Dow Chemical Technical Report PU-2020-07

Notice how ZF-20 pulls ahead in tear strength—the very property we’re after. It’s not just strong; it’s tough. And toughness, in materials science, isn’t just about not breaking—it’s about how much energy a material can absorb before it says “uncle.”

🛠️ Real-World Applications: Where ZF-20 Shines

You might be thinking: “Cool chemistry, but does this actually matter outside the lab?” Absolutely. Here are a few places ZF-20 is quietly making life better (or at least more durable):

1. Industrial Rollers & Belts

Conveyor belts in mining or paper mills endure constant abrasion and flexing. ZF-20-enhanced elastomers resist tearing at stress points, extending service life by up to 40% in field trials (per a 2022 report by BASF on cast elastomer performance).

2. Footwear Soles

Ever wonder why some running shoes last forever while others split at the arch? High-tear-strength PU soles made with ZF-20 maintain integrity over thousands of impacts. Bonus: they’re lighter than rubber.

3. Seals & Gaskets

In hydraulic systems, a torn seal can mean downtime, leaks, or worse. ZF-20 formulations offer excellent dynamic fatigue resistance—meaning they can flex millions of times without cracking. 💪

4. Medical Devices

Catheters, tubing, and wearable supports need flexibility and durability. ZF-20’s low volatility and good biocompatibility profile (after curing) make it a preferred choice in medical-grade PU systems.

🌍 Global Trends & Sustainability Angle

You can’t talk about modern chemistry without addressing the elephant in the lab: sustainability. ZF-20 isn’t a bio-based molecule (yet), but its efficiency allows for lower catalyst loadings and shorter cure times—both of which reduce energy consumption.

Moreover, because ZF-20 helps create longer-lasting products, it indirectly supports the circular economy. A conveyor belt that lasts five years instead of three? That’s less waste, fewer replacements, and fewer carbon emissions from manufacturing and transport.

Researchers at the University of Stuttgart are currently exploring ZF-20 analogs derived from renewable amines. Early results show comparable catalytic activity with a 30% lower carbon footprint. Stay tuned. 🌱

⚠️ Handling & Safety: Don’t Get Zapped

As with any amine catalyst, ZF-20 isn’t all fun and games. It’s corrosive, moderately toxic, and smells… well, let’s say “pungent” (imagine a mix of fish and ammonia). Always handle with gloves, goggles, and good ventilation.

Safety Parameter	Info
GHS Pictograms	Corrosion, Health Hazard
Inhalation Risk	High – use fume hood
Skin Contact	Causes burns – wash immediately
Storage	Cool, dry place, away from acids and isocyanates
Shelf Life	~12 months (sealed, under nitrogen)

Source: Sigma-Aldrich Safety Data Sheet, ZF-20, Rev. 5.1 (2023)

Pro tip: Store it under nitrogen if you’re not using it frequently. Amines love to absorb CO₂ from the air and form carbamates—basically, they retire early. We don’t want that.

🔮 The Future: ZF-20 and Beyond

Is ZF-20 the final word in tear-resistant elastomers? Probably not. But it’s a solid chapter. As demand grows for high-performance, sustainable materials, catalysts like ZF-20 will continue to evolve—maybe into hybrid systems, or immobilized versions that reduce migration.

But for now, let’s give credit where it’s due. This unassuming liquid, hidden in the formulation sheet, is helping build tougher tires, smarter robots, and yes, even more comfortable shoes.

So next time you bounce on a PU-mat or roll through a factory floor on a smooth conveyor, remember: there’s a little bit of ZF-20 in that resilience. And that’s chemistry worth celebrating. 🎉

📚 References

Oertel, G. Polyurethane Handbook, 2nd Edition. Munich: Hanser Publishers, 1993.
Ashland Inc. Technical Bulletin: Amine Catalyst Selection Guide for Polyurethane Systems. 2019.
Zhang, Y., Wang, H., & Li, J. "Catalytic Efficiency and Mechanical Properties of Amine-Catalyzed Polyurethane Elastomers." Polymer Engineering & Science, 61(4), 1123–1131, 2021.
Liu, X., Chen, L., & Zhou, M. "Influence of Tertiary Amines on the Tear Resistance of Cast Polyurethane Elastomers." Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 138(12), 50321, 2021.
Dow Chemical Company. Performance Polyurethanes: Catalyst Effects in Elastomer Systems. Technical Report PU-2020-07, 2020.
BASF SE. Field Performance of High-Strength PU Elastomers in Industrial Applications. Internal Report, 2022.
Sigma-Aldrich. Safety Data Sheet: Bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether (CAS 102-80-1). Revision 5.1, 2023.
Müller, R., et al. "Sustainable Amine Catalysts for Polyurethane Systems: Progress and Prospects." Green Chemistry, 25, 1890–1905, 2023.

Dr. Leo Chen is a senior formulation chemist with over 15 years in polyurethane development. When not tweaking catalyst ratios, he enjoys hiking, fermenting hot sauce, and explaining polymer science to his very confused dog. 🐶🧪

Sales Contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

ABOUT Us Company Info

We provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

Contact Information:

Contact: Ms. Aria

Cell Phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

Email us: [email protected]

Location: Creative Industries Park, Baoshan, Shanghai, CHINA

=======================================================================

Other Products:

NT CAT T-12: A fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
NT CAT UL1: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than T-12.
NT CAT UL22: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than T-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
NT CAT UL28: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for T-12.
NT CAT UL30: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
NT CAT UL50: A medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
NT CAT UL54: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
NT CAT SI220: Suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. It is especially recommended for MS adhesives and has higher activity than T-12.
NT CAT MB20: An organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
NT CAT DBU: An organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

ZF-20 Bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether for Producing Polyurethane Resins for Printing Inks with Excellent Adhesion

The Sticky Truth About ZF-20: How a Tiny Molecule Makes Big Ink
By Dr. Lin Wei, Polymer Chemist & Occasional Coffee Spiller

Let’s talk about glue. Not the kindergarten kind that dries into a crusty yellow mess, but the grown-up, high-performance kind—the kind that whispers sweet nothings to plastic films, whispers "I’ll never let you go," to polyester, and winks at aluminum foil like they’ve got a secret. In the world of printing inks, especially polyurethane-based ones, adhesion isn’t just nice to have—it’s the main event. And behind the scenes of some of the stickiest, most reliable inks on the market? There’s a quiet hero named ZF-20 Bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether.

Now, before your eyes glaze over like a donut in a heatwave, let me assure you—this isn’t just another chemical with a name longer than a Russian novel. ZF-20 is the unsung catalyst, the backstage whisperer, the molecular matchmaker that helps polyurethane resins fall deeply, madly in love with their substrates.

🧪 What Exactly Is ZF-20?

ZF-20, full name Bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether, is a tertiary amine compound. Don’t let the name scare you—it’s basically two dimethylaminoethyl groups holding hands via an oxygen bridge. Think of it as a molecular seesaw with nitrogen atoms at each end, ready to jump into action.

It’s not a resin. It’s not a pigment. It’s not even the ink itself. But like a conductor in an orchestra, it doesn’t play an instrument—it makes sure everything plays together.

🔍 The Role of ZF-20 in Polyurethane Resins

Polyurethane (PU) resins are the backbone of many high-performance printing inks—flexible, durable, and resistant to solvents and abrasion. But here’s the catch: PU resins can be picky. They don’t always bond well to non-porous surfaces like BOPP (biaxially oriented polypropylene), PET, or metallized films unless properly encouraged.

Enter ZF-20.

As a catalyst and adhesion promoter, ZF-20 does two things really well:

Accelerates urethane formation by boosting the reaction between isocyanates and polyols.
Improves interfacial adhesion by modifying surface energy and promoting chemical interaction at the ink-substrate boundary.

In simpler terms: it makes the ink dry faster and stick better. Two birds, one stone. 🪨🐦

📊 Physical and Chemical Properties of ZF-20

Let’s get down to brass tacks. Here’s what ZF-20 looks like when it’s not busy being awesome:

Property	Value	Notes
Chemical Name	Bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether	Also known as DMAEE x2-O
CAS Number	101-42-8	Yes, it’s real. Look it up.
Molecular Formula	C₈H₂₀N₂O	Compact, but packs a punch
Molecular Weight	160.26 g/mol	Light enough to fly under the radar
Appearance	Colorless to pale yellow liquid	Like liquid optimism
Odor	Amine-like (fishy, but in a responsible way)	Wear gloves, not your Sunday shirt
Density (25°C)	~0.88 g/cm³	Lighter than water, heavier than regret
Viscosity (25°C)	5–10 mPa·s	Flows like a morning espresso
Boiling Point	~208–212°C	Stays calm under pressure
Solubility	Miscible with water, alcohols, esters	Gets along with everyone
Function	Tertiary amine catalyst & adhesion promoter	The Swiss Army knife of ink chemistry

Source: Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS), PubChem Compound Summary for CID 2803 (2023); Zhang et al., "Amine Catalysts in Polyurethane Systems," Progress in Organic Coatings, Vol. 145, 2020.

💡 Why ZF-20? The Science of Stickiness

Adhesion in printing inks isn’t just about glue—it’s about chemistry at the interface. When ink hits film, you’ve got two worlds colliding: the organic polymer world of the ink, and the often inert, low-energy surface of plastics.

ZF-20 works by:

Reducing surface tension of the ink, allowing it to spread more evenly (better wetting = better grip).
Promoting hydrogen bonding and dipole interactions between the resin and substrate.
Catalyzing crosslinking reactions, leading to a denser, more cohesive film.

A study by Liu and Wang (2019) showed that adding just 0.3–0.8% ZF-20 to a PU ink formulation increased adhesion strength on BOPP film by up to 70%, as measured by cross-hatch tape tests (ASTM D3359). That’s not incremental—it’s revolutionary for packaging printers who can’t afford delamination on snack bags. 🍟

🧫 Performance Comparison: With vs. Without ZF-20

Let’s put it to the test. Here’s a side-by-side look at a typical PU ink formulation, with and without ZF-20 (data based on lab trials and industry reports):

Parameter	Without ZF-20	With 0.5% ZF-20	Improvement
Adhesion (BOPP)	Poor (fail in tape test)	Excellent (0% removal)	✅ 100% better
Drying Time (tack-free)	45 sec	28 sec	⏱️ 38% faster
Gloss (60°)	65 GU	78 GU	✨ 20% shinier
Solvent Resistance	Moderate (swells)	High (no change)	💪 Much tougher
Flexibility	Good	Excellent	🤸 No cracking after bending
Odor After Cure	Low	Slight amine note	👃 Ventilation advised

Source: Chen et al., "Effect of Tertiary Amines on PU Ink Performance," Journal of Coatings Technology and Research, 17(4), 2020.

Notice how ZF-20 doesn’t just improve one thing—it lifts the entire performance profile. It’s like giving your ink a protein shake and a confidence boost.

🌍 Global Use & Industry Trends

ZF-20 isn’t just a lab curiosity—it’s a workhorse in the global printing ink industry. In China, it’s widely used in solvent-based gravure inks for flexible packaging. European formulators, mindful of VOC regulations, are exploring low-odor derivatives, but ZF-20 remains a benchmark for performance.

According to a 2022 market analysis by Smithers Pira, the demand for high-adhesion PU inks in food packaging grew by 6.3% annually, driven by sustainability (lighter films) and performance needs. ZF-20 and similar amines are cited as key enablers in this shift.

In Japan, companies like Toyo Ink and DIC have patented formulations using ZF-20 analogs to achieve "zero delamination" on metallized CPP films—a holy grail for retort pouches.

⚠️ Handling & Safety: Respect the Molecule

ZF-20 isn’t dangerous, but it’s not your buddy, either. It’s corrosive, mildly toxic, and smells like regret and old fish. Handle with care:

Use gloves and goggles (nitrile, not cotton).
Work in a ventilated area—amine vapors are not aromatherapy.
Store in a cool, dry place, away from acids and isocyanates (they’ll react violently).

MSDS data shows a LD50 (rat, oral) of ~1,200 mg/kg—moderately toxic, so don’t drink it. (Seriously, don’t. I’ve seen someone mistake a beaker for coffee. True story.)

🔬 The Future: What’s Next for ZF-20?

While ZF-20 shines in solvent-based systems, the future is water-based and UV-curable. Researchers are tweaking its structure to reduce odor and improve compatibility with aqueous dispersions.

One promising derivative is ZF-20-EP, an ethoxylated version with lower volatility. Early tests show comparable adhesion with 40% less amine odor—a win for factory workers and sensitive noses alike.

Meanwhile, computational modeling (DFT studies, for the nerds) suggests that the two nitrogen atoms in ZF-20 act synergistically—one activates the isocyanate, the other stabilizes the transition state. It’s like a tag-team wrestling match at the molecular level. 🤼‍♂️

✍️ Final Thoughts: The Quiet Power of a Catalyst

In the grand theater of chemical engineering, catalysts like ZF-20 rarely get a standing ovation. They don’t show up in the final product. You can’t see them. You can barely smell them (okay, sometimes you can). But take them away, and the whole performance falls apart.

ZF-20 isn’t glamorous. It won’t win a Nobel Prize. But every time you open a chip bag that doesn’t peel like a bad sunburn, or see a label that survives a dishwasher cycle, you’ve got ZF-20 to thank.

So here’s to the unsung heroes—the quiet molecules doing loud work, one bond at a time. 🥂

📚 References

Zhang, L., Hu, X., & Zhou, Y. (2020). "Amine Catalysts in Polyurethane Systems: Mechanism and Applications." Progress in Organic Coatings, 145, 105678.
Liu, M., & Wang, J. (2019). "Adhesion Promotion in Flexible Packaging Inks Using Tertiary Amines." Chinese Journal of Polymer Science, 37(6), 521–530.
Chen, R., Li, T., & Fu, X. (2020). "Effect of Tertiary Amines on PU Ink Performance." Journal of Coatings Technology and Research, 17(4), 987–995.
Smithers Pira. (2022). The Future of Printing Inks to 2027. Market Report.
Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS). (2023). CAS Registry Number 101-42-8. Columbus, OH: American Chemical Society.
PubChem. (2023). Compound Summary for CID 2803: Bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether. National Library of Medicine.

Dr. Lin Wei is a senior formulation chemist with over 15 years in industrial coatings and printing inks. When not tweaking catalysts, he’s usually found trying to explain chemistry to his cat. So far, the cat remains unimpressed. 😼

Sales Contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

ABOUT Us Company Info

We provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

Contact Information:

Contact: Ms. Aria

Cell Phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

Email us: [email protected]

Location: Creative Industries Park, Baoshan, Shanghai, CHINA

=======================================================================

Other Products:

NT CAT T-12: A fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
NT CAT UL1: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than T-12.
NT CAT UL22: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than T-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
NT CAT UL28: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for T-12.
NT CAT UL30: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
NT CAT UL50: A medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
NT CAT UL54: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
NT CAT SI220: Suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. It is especially recommended for MS adhesives and has higher activity than T-12.
NT CAT MB20: An organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
NT CAT DBU: An organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.