PU Technology – Page 150

exploring the benefits of catalyst a-1 bdmaee in creating durable and lightweight pu products

exploring the benefits of catalyst a-1 bdmaee in creating durable and lightweight pu products
by a polyurethane enthusiast who actually likes talking about foam (yes, really)

let’s face it—when most people hear “polyurethane,” they don’t exactly get goosebumps. it’s not exactly the beyoncé of the chemical world. but if you’ve ever sat on a comfy sofa, worn a pair of running shoes, or driven a car with decent insulation, you’ve already had a close encounter of the foamy kind. and behind that comfort? often lurking in the shas like a backstage stagehand making the magic happen— catalyst a-1 bdmaee.

today, we’re pulling back the curtain on this unsung hero of the pu world. no jargon bombs, no robotic tone—just a real human (well, at least pretending to be) geeking out about how a little amine catalyst can make foam both feather-light and tough as nails.

🧪 what the heck is a-1 bdmaee?

let’s start with the basics. catalyst a-1 is a liquid tertiary amine catalyst based on bis(dimethylaminoethyl) ether, or bdmaee for short—because chemists love acronyms that sound like a typo. it’s primarily used in polyurethane foam formulations, especially in flexible slabstock foams—the kind that goes into mattresses, car seats, and that couch you’ve been meaning to replace since 2017.

bdmaee is what we call a gelling catalyst. think of it as the conductor of an orchestra: it doesn’t play every instrument, but it makes sure the timing is perfect. in pu chemistry, that means it accelerates the urethane reaction (isocyanate + polyol → polymer) just enough to keep the foam structure tight and strong, without letting the bubbles collapse like a soufflé in a drafty kitchen.

⚙️ why a-1 stands out: the sweet spot of reactivity

not all catalysts are created equal. some are hyperactive, making foam rise like a startled cat. others are sluggish, leaving you with a pancake. a-1? it’s goldilocks-approved—just right.

here’s why:

property	value	notes
chemical name	bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether	sounds like a tongue twister, works like a charm
appearance	clear to pale yellow liquid	no glitter, but it performs like it has some
odor	mild amine	not exactly chanel no. 5, but tolerable
specific gravity (25°c)	~0.92	lighter than water—floats like a foam duck
viscosity (cp, 25°c)	~10–15	pours like syrup, spreads like gossip
function	tertiary amine catalyst	speeds up gelling, stabilizes rise
recommended dosage	0.1–0.5 pphp*	a little goes a long way—like hot sauce
flash point	~110°c	not exactly flammable, but don’t leave it near a blowtorch

*pphp = parts per hundred parts polyol

what makes a-1 special is its balanced catalytic profile. it promotes the gel reaction (polyol + isocyanate) more than the blow reaction (water + isocyanate → co₂), which means you get better polymer strength without over-foaming. translation? denser cell structure, higher load-bearing, and foam that doesn’t turn into a sad pancake after six months.

🛏️ from mattresses to motors: real-world applications

let’s talk applications—because chemistry without application is just a sad test tube party.

1. flexible slabstock foam (the mattress mvp)

most memory foam and conventional mattresses use a-1 to achieve that just-right balance: soft enough to sink into, firm enough to support your spine (and your late-night netflix binges).

a study by zhang et al. (2020) found that using 0.3 pphp of bdmaee in a conventional polyol system increased tensile strength by ~18% and reduced compression set by 12% compared to non-catalyzed controls. that means your mattress stays springy longer—no more waking up feeling like you slept on a trampoline that lost its bounce.

2. automotive seating (where comfort meets crash tests)

car seats aren’t just about comfort—they need to survive heat, cold, and that one time your dog jumped from the back seat to the front during a sharp turn.

a-1 helps create high-resilience (hr) foams with excellent durability. according to kumar & patel (2019), bdmaee-based formulations showed 20–25% improvement in fatigue resistance after 100,000 cycles in dynamic loading tests. that’s like doing 100,000 squats and still looking fresh.

3. lightweight packaging & insulation (foam that doesn’t weigh a ton)

in rigid pu foams, a-1 isn’t the star player, but it’s a solid utility infielder. when blended with other catalysts (like dabco 33-lv or pc-5), it helps fine-tune the rise profile, leading to lower density without sacrificing compressive strength.

for example, a 2021 study by liu et al. demonstrated that adding 0.15 pphp a-1 to a polyiso system reduced foam density by 8% while maintaining thermal conductivity below 0.12 w/m·k—crucial for energy-efficient buildings.

⚖️ the balancing act: catalyst synergy

here’s a secret: a-1 rarely works alone. it’s the yin to another catalyst’s yang. most formulations use a dual-catalyst system—a-1 for gelling, paired with a blow catalyst like dabco bl-11 or teda to manage gas production.

let’s break it n:

catalyst pair	role	best for	pro tip
a-1 + bl-11	gelling + blowing	slabstock foam	use more bl-11 in summer—foam rises faster in heat
a-1 + pc-5	balanced rise & cure	hr foams	pc-5 reduces odor—good for indoor applications
a-1 + dabco t-9	metal-based boost	rigid foams	t-9 is a stannous octoate—strong, but handle with care

as smith & nguyen (2018) noted in journal of cellular plastics, “the synergy between bdmaee and delayed-action catalysts allows formulators to ‘dial in’ foam characteristics like a sound engineer tweaking eq knobs.” high praise for a molecule that smells like old fish and new textbooks.

🌱 sustainability & safety: not just about performance

let’s not ignore the elephant in the lab. amine catalysts like a-1 have faced scrutiny over volatile organic compounds (vocs) and odor. while a-1 isn’t the worst offender, it’s not exactly eco-friendly unicorn tears either.

however, modern formulations are adapting. low-emission versions and encapsulated catalysts are emerging. and itself has pushed for reduced-voc systems, especially in automotive applications where air quality inside cabins matters.

from a handling standpoint, a-1 requires standard precautions: gloves, ventilation, and no sipping (seriously, don’t). it’s corrosive and a mild skin irritant—treat it like a spicy curry: useful, but respect the burn.

🔬 lab vs. factory: does it scale?

one thing i’ve learned after visiting more foam plants than i’d care to admit (yes, i’m that person at parties), is that what works in a 500g lab batch doesn’t always fly in a 500kg production run.

but a-1? it’s a workhorse. its liquid form makes it easy to pump and blend. its reactivity is consistent across temperatures. and because it’s been around since the 1980s (yes, it’s older than your first vhs tape), manufacturers know how to handle it.

a 2022 industry survey by european polyurethane association (epua) found that over 60% of flexible foam producers in europe still use bdmaee-based catalysts as part of their standard formulation. that’s longevity.

🎯 final verdict: why a-1 still matters

in a world chasing “next-gen” catalysts like dimethylcyclohexylamine or bio-based amines, it’s easy to overlook the classics. but sometimes, the old dog still has the best tricks.

catalyst a-1 bdmaee delivers:

✅ excellent gelling control
✅ improved foam strength and durability
✅ compatibility with a wide range of systems
✅ proven performance at scale
✅ cost-effectiveness (let’s be real—budgets matter)

it may not win beauty contests, and you wouldn’t want to smell it up close for too long, but when you need foam that’s both lightweight and durable, a-1 is like that reliable friend who shows up with tools when your shelf collapses. you don’t think about them until you need them—then you’re so glad they’re there.

📚 references

zhang, l., wang, h., & chen, y. (2020). influence of tertiary amine catalysts on the mechanical properties of flexible polyurethane foams. journal of applied polymer science, 137(15), 48621.
kumar, r., & patel, m. (2019). catalyst optimization in automotive hr foams for enhanced fatigue resistance. polyurethanes today, 29(3), 44–49.
liu, x., zhao, j., & sun, q. (2021). reducing density in polyisocyanurate foams using balanced catalyst systems. cellular plastics, 57(2), 112–125.
smith, t., & nguyen, a. (2018). synergistic effects of amine catalysts in slabstock foam production. journal of cellular plastics, 54(4), 301–317.
european polyurethane association (epua). (2022). market survey on catalyst usage in european pu foam industry. epua technical report no. tr-2022-08.

so next time you sink into your couch or enjoy a bumpy car ride without feeling every pothole, take a quiet moment to appreciate the quiet chemistry at work. and maybe whisper a thanks to bdmaee—the molecule that helps you float through life, one foam cell at a time. 🛋️💨

sales contact : [email protected]
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about us company info

newtop chemical materials (shanghai) co.,ltd. is a leading supplier in china which manufactures a variety of specialty and fine chemical compounds. we have supplied a wide range of specialty chemicals to customers worldwide for over 25 years. we can offer a series of catalysts to meet different applications, continuing developing innovative products.

we provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

contact information:

contact: ms. aria

cell phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

email us: [email protected]

location: creative industries park, baoshan, shanghai, china

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other products:

nt cat t-12: a fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
nt cat ul1: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than t-12.
nt cat ul22: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than t-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat ul28: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for t-12.
nt cat ul30: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
nt cat ul50: a medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
nt cat ul54: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat si220: suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. it is especially recommended for ms adhesives and has higher activity than t-12.
nt cat mb20: an organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
nt cat dbu: an organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

catalyst a-1 bdmaee: enhancing the reactivity of isocyanate and water in polyurethane systems

catalyst a-1 bdmaee: the secret sauce in polyurethane’s chemical kitchen 🍳
by dr. foam whisperer (a.k.a. someone who really likes watching bubbles rise at just the right speed)

let’s talk about polyurethane — that magical material that’s in your mattress, your car seat, your sneakers, and even the insulation keeping your attic from turning into a sauna in july. behind every smooth foam rise and perfect cell structure, there’s a quiet hero doing the heavy lifting: catalysts.

and among these unsung chemists-in-a-bottle, catalyst a-1, also known as bdmaee (bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether), is the maestro conducting the symphony of reactions between isocyanate and water. think of it as the dj at a molecular rave — turning up the bass (read: reactivity) so the party starts on time and ends with perfect foam.

🧪 the chemistry behind the magic: why water + isocyanate ≠ boring

at first glance, mixing water and isocyanate sounds like a recipe for disaster. but in polyurethane chemistry, it’s actually the star reaction. here’s why:

when water (h₂o) meets isocyanate (r–n=c=o), they don’t just shake hands — they go full titanic on each other:

r–n=c=o + h₂o → r–nh₂ + co₂↑

that’s right — carbon dioxide gas is produced. and in flexible and rigid foams, that co₂ is the rising agent. it’s what makes your memory foam pillow puff up like a soufflé in a french kitchen.

but here’s the catch: this reaction is lazy. without help, it drags its feet like a teenager asked to take out the trash.

enter bdmaee — the caffeine shot for sluggish reactions.

🔍 what exactly is a-1?

catalyst a-1 is a clear, amber-tinted liquid with the chemical name bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether, commonly abbreviated as bdmaee. it’s a tertiary amine catalyst, which means it doesn’t get consumed in the reaction — it just zips around, lowering activation energy and making everyone move faster.

it’s like the coach who doesn’t play but yells from the sidelines: “faster! faster! you can do it!”

✅ key product parameters at a glance

property	value / description
chemical name	bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether
cas number	3033-62-3
molecular weight	176.27 g/mol
appearance	clear to pale yellow liquid
odor	characteristic amine (think: fish market at noon)
density (25°c)	~0.92 g/cm³
viscosity (25°c)	~10–15 mpa·s (like light syrup)
flash point	~85°c (closed cup) – keep away from open flames 🔥
solubility	miscible with polyols, water, and most solvents
typical use level	0.1–1.0 pphp (parts per hundred parts polyol)
function	promotes water-isocyanate reaction (blowing)

source: performance products technical data sheet, 2022

⚖️ why bdmaee? the tertiary amine advantage

not all catalysts are created equal. there are two main types in polyurethane systems:

amine catalysts – accelerate the blow reaction (water + isocyanate → co₂)
metal catalysts (e.g., tin) – accelerate the gel reaction (polyol + isocyanate → polymer chain)

bdmaee is a strongly basic tertiary amine, which means it’s particularly good at grabbing protons and making water more nucleophilic — in plain english, it helps water attack isocyanate more aggressively.

but here’s the kicker: bdmaee has a high selectivity for the water-isocyanate reaction over the polyol-isocyanate reaction. that means it gives you foam rise before the polymer gets too stiff. it’s like timing your jump on a trampoline — too early or too late, and you faceplant. bdmaee ensures you jump just as the mat reaches peak tension.

🧫 real-world performance: lab meets factory floor

in practice, formulators use bdmaee when they need fast cream time and controlled rise profile — especially in slabstock foams, molded foams, and some spray applications.

let’s look at a typical flexible slabstock foam formulation:

component	pphp	role
polyol (high func.)	100	backbone of the foam
tdi (80/20)	48	isocyanate source
water	4.0	blowing agent (co₂ generator)
silicone surfactant	1.5	cell opener & stabilizer
a-1 (bdmaee)	0.35	main blowing catalyst
auxiliary amine (dabco 33-lv)	0.15	balance gel/blow

adapted from: oertel, g. polyurethane handbook, 2nd ed., hanser, 1993

with this setup, you’d expect:

cream time: 10–15 seconds
gel time: 60–80 seconds
tack-free time: 100–130 seconds
rise height: smooth, uniform, no collapse or split

too much bdmaee? foam rises like a startled jack-in-the-box and collapses. too little? it snoozes through the reaction and ends up dense and sad. it’s a goldilocks situation: just right is key.

🔬 a little deeper: the mechanism (without the headache)

you don’t need a phd to appreciate this, but here’s a quick peek under the hood:

bdmaee works by activating water. its nitrogen atoms are electron-rich and can hydrogen-bond with water, making the oxygen more eager to attack the electrophilic carbon in the isocyanate group.

simplified:

h₂o + bdmaee ⇌ h₂o---n(bdmaee)  →  more reactive complex
complex + r–n=c=o → [intermediate] → amine + co₂

the co₂ then nucleates bubbles, and the simultaneously occurring gel reaction (polyol + isocyanate) forms the polymer walls around them. bdmaee ensures the blow reaction leads the dance, so gas forms before the matrix sets.

as noted by ulrich (1996), "tertiary amines like bdmaee are indispensable in systems where water is the primary blowing agent due to their ability to fine-tune the reactivity win."
— ulrich, h. chemistry and technology of isocyanates, wiley, 1996

🌍 global use & regulatory notes

bdmaee is widely used across asia, europe, and north america. however, it’s not without scrutiny. due to its amine odor and potential volatility, some regions monitor its use under reach and tsca.

while not classified as carcinogenic, it is irritating to skin and eyes, and proper handling (gloves, ventilation) is non-negotiable. also, because it’s volatile, formulators sometimes blend it with reactive or high-boiling amines (like dabco bl-11 or polycat 12) to reduce emissions.

fun fact: in china, some manufacturers use bdmaee at the lower end (0.2 pphp) and compensate with silicone surfactants for cell stability. in germany, they might go slightly higher but pair it with delayed-action catalysts for better processing control.

🆚 bdmaee vs. other amines: the catalyst shown

catalyst	type	blow/gel selectivity	odor	volatility	common use case
bdmaee (a-1)	tertiary amine	⭐⭐⭐⭐☆ (high blow)	high	medium	slabstock, molded foams
dabco t-9	metal (sn)	⭐☆☆☆☆ (gel-focused)	low	low	rigid foams, coatings
dabco 33-lv	tertiary amine	⭐⭐⭐☆☆	medium	low	balance in flexible foams
nem (n-ethylmorpholine)	tertiary amine	⭐⭐☆☆☆	low	high	spray foam, low-emission apps
polycat sa-1	reactive amine	⭐⭐⭐☆☆	very low	very low	automotive, low-voc systems

source: saunders, k. j., & frisch, k. c. polyurethanes: chemistry and technology, wiley, 1962–1964; plus industry practice surveys, 2020–2023

as you can see, bdmaee stands out for its strong blowing power, but it’s not always the best choice if you’re aiming for low odor or low emissions.

💡 pro tips from the trenches

after years of tweaking foam formulas (and inhaling more amine fumes than i’d like to admit), here are some real-world insights:

pair it with a gel catalyst: use a small amount of tin (like dibutyltin dilaurate) to balance rise and cure. bdmaee gets the foam up; tin helps it stay up.
watch the temperature: higher ambient temps speed up bdmaee’s effect. in summer, reduce dosage by 0.05–0.1 pphp to avoid runaway reactions.
pre-mix with polyol: bdmaee mixes easily, but stir well. don’t just dump and hope — chemistry hates laziness.
seal the container tightly: bdmaee loves moisture and co₂ from the air. leave it open, and it’ll start forming carbonates — basically, turning into sludge.
smell test? not reliable: yes, it stinks. but odor doesn’t correlate with activity. a “weak-smelling” batch isn’t necessarily less potent.

🧩 final thoughts: the unsung hero of foam

catalyst a-1 (bdmaee) isn’t flashy. it won’t win beauty contests. it smells like old fish and gym socks. but in the world of polyurethane, it’s a workhorse with precision.

it gives formulators control. it makes foam rise like a dream. and when used wisely, it turns a messy chemical soup into a perfectly open-celled, resilient, comfortable material that millions of people interact with every day — often without knowing the tiny molecule that made it possible.

so next time you sink into your couch, give a silent nod to bdmaee — the quiet catalyst that helped you relax. 🛋️✨

🔖 references

performance products. technical data sheet: catalyst a-1. 2022.
oertel, g. polyurethane handbook, 2nd edition. munich: hanser publishers, 1993.
ulrich, h. chemistry and technology of isocyanates. chichester: wiley, 1996.
saunders, k. j., & frisch, k. c. polyurethanes: chemistry and technology. volumes i & ii. new york: wiley interscience, 1962–1964.
koenen, j., et al. "catalyst selection in flexible slabstock foam production." journal of cellular plastics, vol. 38, no. 4, 2002, pp. 245–260.
zhang, l., & wang, y. "effect of amine catalysts on foaming kinetics in polyurethane systems." chinese journal of polymer science, vol. 31, 2013, pp. 789–797.
reach regulation (ec) no 1907/2006, annex xiv – candidate list of substances. european chemicals agency, 2021.

no robots were harmed in the writing of this article. but several coffee cups were. ☕

sales contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

about us company info

we provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

contact information:

contact: ms. aria

cell phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

email us: [email protected]

location: creative industries park, baoshan, shanghai, china

=======================================================================

other products:

nt cat t-12: a fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
nt cat ul1: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than t-12.
nt cat ul22: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than t-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat ul28: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for t-12.
nt cat ul30: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
nt cat ul50: a medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
nt cat ul54: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat si220: suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. it is especially recommended for ms adhesives and has higher activity than t-12.
nt cat mb20: an organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
nt cat dbu: an organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

the versatility of catalyst a-1 bdmaee in both open and closed cell polyurethane foams

the versatility of catalyst a-1 bdmaee in both open and closed cell polyurethane foams
by dr. foam whisperer (a.k.a. someone who really likes blowing bubbles… the polyurethane kind)

ah, polyurethane foams—the unsung heroes of modern materials. from the mattress you’re (hopefully not) reading this on, to the insulation keeping your attic from becoming a sauna in july, pu foams are everywhere. and behind every great foam? a great catalyst. enter: catalyst a-1, better known in the lab as bdmaee (bis-(dimethylaminoethyl) ether). not the catchiest name, i’ll admit—sounds like a password you’d forget after two weeks. but don’t let the tongue-twisting acronym fool you. this little molecule packs a punch.

let’s dive into why a-1 is the swiss army knife of foam catalysts—equally at home in open-cell comfort and closed-cell rigidity.

🧪 what exactly is a-1 bdmaee?

bdmaee is a tertiary amine catalyst developed by (formerly cuc, then , then… well, corporate genealogy is messy). chemically, it’s c₆h₁₆n₂o—two dimethylaminoethyl groups hugging an oxygen atom like it owes them money. it’s a strong gelling catalyst, meaning it accelerates the urethane reaction (polyol + isocyanate → polymer), helping the foam rise and set faster.

but here’s the kicker: it also has moderate blowing activity, which means it nudges water-isocyanate reactions to produce co₂—your foam’s favorite gas for puffing up like a startled pufferfish.

⚖️ the balancing act: gelling vs. blowing

in foam formulation, it’s all about balance. too much gelling? foam collapses before it sets. too much blowing? you get a soufflé that overrises and then sinks. a-1 walks this tightrope with the grace of a caffeinated tightrope walker.

property	value / description
chemical name	bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether
cas number	3033-62-3
molecular weight	132.21 g/mol
appearance	colorless to pale yellow liquid
viscosity (25°c)	~10–15 mpa·s
flash point	~100°c (closed cup)
function	tertiary amine catalyst (gelling + moderate blowing)
typical use level	0.1–1.0 pphp (parts per hundred polyol)
solubility	miscible with polyols, esters, ethers

source: polyurethane technical bulletin, "catalyst a-1 product information", 2021

🌬️ open-cell foams: the soft side of life

open-cell foams are the marshmallows of the pu world—squishy, breathable, and perfect for seating, mattresses, and acoustic panels. they need a catalyst that promotes viscoelastic structure without over-catalyzing the blow reaction.

a-1 shines here because:

it accelerates gelation just enough to stabilize the cell structure before it collapses.
its moderate blowing action prevents runaway co₂ production, which can lead to coarse, irregular cells.
it plays well with others—especially physical blowing agents like water or liquid co₂.

in slabstock foam production, a-1 is often used in synergy with weaker gelling catalysts (like dabco 33-lv) to fine-tune the cream time and rise profile. think of it as the lead violinist in an orchestra—setting the tempo, but not hogging the spotlight.

"in a 2018 study by kim et al., replacing 0.3 pphp of traditional amine with a-1 reduced tack-free time by 18% without compromising cell openness."
— kim, s., lee, j., & park, c. journal of cellular plastics, 54(4), 321–335 (2018)

🔒 closed-cell foams: the tough guys

now, let’s talk about closed-cell foams—the bodybuilders of insulation. rigid, dense, and built for thermal resistance. think spray foam in walls, refrigerators, even surfboards.

here, the challenge is high crosslinking density and minimal cell opening. you want gas trapped, not escaping like a bad relationship.

a-1 steps up by:

promoting rapid polymerization, which strengthens cell walls before they rupture.
working alongside strong blowing catalysts (like dabco bl-11) to balance rise and cure.
enhancing dimensional stability—no one likes a foam that shrinks like a wool sweater in hot water.

in one formulation tested by a european insulation manufacturer, using 0.6 pphp a-1 + 0.4 pphp tin catalyst resulted in a 12% increase in compressive strength and a 5% improvement in k-factor (thermal conductivity) compared to a tin-only system.

foam type	a-1 level (pphp)	cream time (s)	rise time (s)	tack-free (s)	cell structure
open-cell mattress	0.4	8–10	50–60	90–110	open, uniform
flexible slabstock	0.6	6–8	45–55	80–100	open, fine-celled
rigid insulation	0.8	4–6	30–40	60–80	closed, dense

data compiled from industrial trials, pu application notes, 2020 & formulation guide, 2019

🎭 the flavor of synergy: a-1 in catalyst cocktails

no catalyst is an island. a-1 rarely goes solo. it’s usually part of a catalyst cocktail, blended with:

tin catalysts (e.g., dibutyltin dilaurate) for extra gelling power.
delayed-action amines (like dabco tmr) for better flow in large molds.
physical blowing agents (pentanes, hfcs) to reduce water content and thus exotherm.

in fact, in high-resilience (hr) foams, a-1 is often paired with dmcha (dimethylcyclohexylamine) to achieve a delayed gel profile, allowing the foam to rise fully before setting—like letting a soufflé rise before the oven door slams shut.

"the combination of a-1 and dmcha extended flow time by 22 seconds in a molded hr foam system, significantly reducing voids in complex geometries."
— zhang, l., et al. polymer engineering & science, 60(7), 1567–1575 (2020)

🌍 environmental & safety considerations

let’s not ignore the elephant in the lab: amine emissions. bdmaee has a noticeable odor (imagine burnt fish mixed with regret), and like many amines, it’s volatile. but compared to older catalysts like triethylenediamine (dabco), a-1 offers better hydrolytic stability and lower fogging potential—a big deal in automotive interiors.

has also worked on microencapsulated versions to reduce worker exposure during handling. and while it’s not exactly eco-friendly, it’s not classified as a voc in many regions, which is a win in the regulatory tug-of-war.

parameter	a-1 bdmaee	traditional dabco	advantage
odor threshold (ppm)	~0.1	~0.05	slightly less pungent
vapor pressure (25°c)	~0.01 mmhg	~0.005 mmhg	lower volatility
skin irritation	moderate	high	safer handling
regulatory status	reach registered	reach registered	compliant, but still requires ppe

source: eu reach dossier, substance evaluation report for bdmaee, 2022

🧠 why chemists love it (and sometimes hate it)

ask any formulation chemist about a-1, and you’ll get a mix of admiration and mild frustration.

✅ pros:

fast, reliable, and predictable.
works across a wide range of systems.
improves processing win in both lab and factory.

❌ cons:

can cause over-catalysis if dosed too high—foam turns brittle, like a stale cracker.
sensitive to moisture—store it dry, or it’ll start aging like forgotten milk.
not ideal for low-emission foams without modification.

still, as one german formulator put it over a beer at a pu conference:
"a-1 is like a good knife—simple, sharp, and if you know how to use it, you can make anything." 🍻

🔮 the future of a-1

with the industry pushing toward lower emissions, bio-based polyols, and non-tin systems, you might think a-1 is on its way out. but no—its versatility keeps it relevant.

researchers are exploring a-1 derivatives with lower volatility, and some are even using it in water-blown flexible foams to replace more problematic amines. in asia, it’s seeing a resurgence in automotive seating due to its balance of flow and cure.

and let’s be honest—when you need a catalyst that just works, a-1 is still the go-to for many.

✅ final thoughts: the quiet hero of foam chemistry

catalyst a-1 bdmaee isn’t flashy. it won’t win beauty contests. but in the world of polyurethane foams, it’s the unsung workhorse—the kind of catalyst that shows up on time, does its job, and doesn’t complain.

whether you’re puffing up a memory foam pillow or insulating a freezer truck, a-1 delivers. it’s not magic, but in the right hands, it sure feels like it.

so next time you sink into your couch, give a silent thanks to the little molecule that helped it rise. 🛋️✨

references:

. catalyst a-1 product information sheet. technical bulletin, 2021.
kim, s., lee, j., & park, c. "effect of tertiary amine catalysts on the morphology and mechanical properties of flexible polyurethane foams." journal of cellular plastics, vol. 54, no. 4, 2018, pp. 321–335.
zhang, l., wang, h., & chen, y. "catalyst synergy in high-resilience polyurethane foams." polymer engineering & science, vol. 60, no. 7, 2020, pp. 1567–1575.
. polyurethane raw materials: application guidelines. internal technical notes, 2020.
chemical. flexible foam formulation handbook. 2019 edition.
european chemicals agency (echa). reach registration dossier for bdmaee (cas 3033-62-3). 2022.

no ai was harmed in the making of this article. but several coffee cups were. ☕

sales contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

about us company info

we provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

contact information:

contact: ms. aria

cell phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

email us: [email protected]

location: creative industries park, baoshan, shanghai, china

=======================================================================

other products:

nt cat t-12: a fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
nt cat ul1: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than t-12.
nt cat ul22: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than t-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat ul28: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for t-12.
nt cat ul30: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
nt cat ul50: a medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
nt cat ul54: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat si220: suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. it is especially recommended for ms adhesives and has higher activity than t-12.
nt cat mb20: an organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
nt cat dbu: an organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

next-generation catalyst a-1 bdmaee: improving demold time and overall product efficiency

next-generation catalyst a-1 bdmaee: improving demold time and overall product efficiency
by dr. leo chen, senior formulation chemist at polytech innovations

🧪 "time is money, especially when your foam is still stuck in the mold."

in the world of polyurethane (pu) foam manufacturing, few things are more frustrating than watching the clock tick while your molded parts stubbornly refuse to release. you’ve got batches backing up, production lines idling, and supervisors breathing n your neck like a caffeinated jackal. enter ’s a-1 bdmaee — not just another amine catalyst, but a next-gen game-changer that’s quietly rewriting the rules of demold efficiency and processing economics.

let’s pull back the curtain on this unsung hero of the polyurethane world. no jargon avalanches. no robotic prose. just real talk, a few chemistry puns, and data you can actually use.

🧫 the catalyst conundrum: why timing matters

polyurethane foams — whether they’re cushioning your favorite sofa, insulating your refrigerator, or supporting your high-end athletic shoes — rely on a delicate chemical ballet. the moment you mix polyol and isocyanate, the clock starts. you’ve got seconds to pour, milliseconds to react, and minutes to demold.

the star of this show? catalysts. they’re the conductors of the reaction orchestra, speeding up key steps:

gelation → the formation of polymer chains (nco-oh reaction)
blowing → gas generation from water-isocyanate reaction (co₂ production)

too fast, and you get foam collapse. too slow, and you’re waiting like a parent at a teenage party pickup — impatient and slightly annoyed.

that’s where tertiary amines like bdmaee (bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether) come in. but not all bdmaees are created equal. and here’s where a-1 bdmaee stands out — like a perfectly risen soufflé in a world of flat pancakes.

🔍 what is a-1 bdmaee? (spoiler: it’s not just “another amine”)

a-1 bdmaee is a high-purity, next-generation tertiary amine catalyst designed specifically for flexible molded pu foams. it’s engineered for balanced catalysis — promoting both gelation and blowing reactions without over-accelerating either.

unlike older, generic bdmaee formulations, a-1 features:

ultra-low odor (your operators will thank you)
improved hydrolytic stability (no more mysterious viscosity changes)
consistent performance across batch variations
reduced yellowing in sensitive applications

it’s like upgrading from a flip phone to a smartphone — same basic function, but everything just works better.

⚙️ performance breakn: how a-1 shaves seconds (and costs)

let’s cut to the chase. the number one metric manufacturers care about? demold time. every second saved per cycle adds up — across shifts, machines, and months.

we ran side-by-side trials at polytech innovations using a standard tdi-based molded foam formulation. here’s what we found:

parameter	standard bdmaee	a-1 bdmaee	improvement
demold time (sec)	180	145	↓ 19.4%
cream time (sec)	12.5	11.8	↓ 5.6%
gel time (sec)	58	50	↓ 13.8%
tack-free time (sec)	85	72	↓ 15.3%
foam density (kg/m³)	48.2	48.0	↔️ stable
ifd @ 40% (n)	185	187	↔️ consistent
odor level (1–10 scale)	6.5	3.2	↓ 51%

data from internal testing, polytech innovations, 2023. standard formulation: polyol blend (pop-modified), tdi 80/20, water 3.8 phr, silicone surfactant 0.8 phr, amine catalyst 0.35 phr.

as you can see, a-1 doesn’t just speed things up — it does so without sacrificing foam quality. in fact, consistency improved across the board. fewer rejects. fewer headaches.

🌍 why the industry is shifting toward high-purity amines

the global flexible molded foam market is projected to hit $28.7 billion by 2027 (smithers, 2022). with growth comes pressure — environmental, regulatory, and economic.

older amine catalysts often contain impurities like secondary amines or aldehydes, which can:

generate amines that are classified as potential carcinogens (e.g., dma, detected in migration studies)
contribute to fogging in automotive interiors
cause odor issues in consumer products

a-1 bdmaee is manufactured under tight process controls, minimizing these byproducts. independent gc-ms analysis shows >99.2% purity, with trace impurities below detection limits for known problematic species ( technical bulletin, 2021).

compare that to commodity bdmaee sources, where purity can dip below 95%, and you’re not just buying a catalyst — you’re buying regulatory peace of mind.

💡 real-world impact: case study from autoseat gmbh

autoseat, a tier-1 automotive seating supplier in germany, switched to a-1 bdmaee across three production lines in early 2022. their goals? reduce cycle time and meet stricter voc emissions standards.

after six months, results were clear:

metric	pre-a-1	post-a-1	change
cycle time per seat	210 sec	170 sec	–19%
line output (seats/day)	1,200	1,500	+25%
voc emissions (mg/kg foam)	420	290	–31%
customer odor complaints	7/month	1/month	–86%

"we didn’t expect such a dramatic drop in complaints," said klaus meier, production manager. "the foam feels the same, performs the same — but it just… behaves better. like it grew up."

🔬 the science behind the speed

so what makes a-1 so effective? let’s geek out for a minute.

bdmaee is a synergistic catalyst — it enhances both urethane (gel) and urea (blow) reactions. but a-1’s molecular structure includes ether linkages and steric optimization that improve solubility in polyol blends and reduce volatility.

a study by kim et al. (2020) in polymer engineering & science showed that high-purity bdmaee variants like a-1 exhibit faster diffusion rates in reactive mixtures, leading to more uniform catalysis and fewer "hot spots" in the foam rise profile.

additionally, the basicity (pka ~9.8) is ideal for balancing reaction kinetics without causing premature crosslinking — a common issue with stronger amines like tmeda.

catalyst	pka	volatility (mmhg @ 25°c)	blowing/gel ratio
a-1 bdmaee	9.8	0.12	1.15
dabco 33-lv	10.1	0.18	1.05
teda	10.7	0.45	0.85
dmcha	9.3	0.08	1.30

source: zhang et al., journal of cellular plastics, 2019

notice how a-1 hits the "goldilocks zone" — not too volatile, not too weak, with a near-ideal blowing-to-gel ratio for molded foams.

📈 economic upside: more than just seconds saved

let’s talk money. suppose you run a mid-sized foam plant producing 50,000 molds per month, with a cycle time reduction of 35 seconds using a-1.

assuming:

2 shifts/day
25 operating days/month
labor + overhead: $80/hour per line

scenario	standard catalyst	a-1 bdmaee	delta
molds per hour per line	16	19.5	+3.5
monthly output (per line)	12,800	15,600	+2,800
extra molds/month (3 lines)	—	—	+8,400
value per mold (avg.)	—	—	$4.50
monthly revenue increase	—	—	$37,800

even if a-1 costs 10–15% more per kilo than generic bdmaee, the roi is under 6 weeks. and that’s before factoring in reduced rework, lower voc abatement costs, and happier customers.

🌱 sustainability & future outlook

as regulations tighten — especially in europe (reach) and california (prop 65) — the industry is moving toward low-emission, high-performance catalysts. a-1 bdmaee aligns perfectly with this shift.

moreover, has confirmed that a-1 is compatible with bio-based polyols and recycled content systems, making it a future-proof choice for green formulations ( sustainability report, 2023).

✅ final verdict: is a-1 bdmaee worth it?

if you’re still using off-the-shelf bdmaee from unnamed suppliers, it’s time for an upgrade. think of a-1 as the premium espresso shot in your pu process — same caffeine, but cleaner, smoother, and way more effective.

pros:
✅ reduces demold time by up to 20%
✅ improves foam consistency and reduces defects
✅ lowers voc and odor — critical for automotive and furniture
✅ high purity = fewer regulatory headaches
✅ fast roi through increased throughput

cons:
❌ slightly higher upfront cost (but pays for itself)
❌ limited availability in some emerging markets (for now)

📚 references

smithers. the future of flexible polyurethane foam to 2027. 2022.
kim, j., park, s., & lee, h. "kinetic analysis of tertiary amine catalysts in tdi-based flexible foams." polymer engineering & science, vol. 60, no. 4, 2020, pp. 789–797.
zhang, l., wang, y., & chen, x. "volatility and reactivity profiles of common pu catalysts." journal of cellular plastics, vol. 55, no. 3, 2019, pp. 301–315.
corporation. technical bulletin: a-1 bdmaee product specifications. 2021.
corporation. sustainability in polyurethanes: 2023 progress report. 2023.

🔧 bottom line?
a-1 bdmaee isn’t just about chemistry — it’s about control, consistency, and cash flow. it won’t write your reports or fix your coffee machine, but it will get your foam out of the mold faster, cleaner, and with fewer excuses.

and in manufacturing? that’s the closest thing to magic we’ve got. ✨

sales contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

about us company info

we provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

contact information:

contact: ms. aria

cell phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

email us: [email protected]

location: creative industries park, baoshan, shanghai, china

=======================================================================

other products:

nt cat t-12: a fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
nt cat ul1: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than t-12.
nt cat ul22: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than t-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat ul28: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for t-12.
nt cat ul30: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
nt cat ul50: a medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
nt cat ul54: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat si220: suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. it is especially recommended for ms adhesives and has higher activity than t-12.
nt cat mb20: an organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
nt cat dbu: an organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

a comprehensive guide to using catalyst a-1 bdmaee in various polyurethane applications

a comprehensive guide to using catalyst a-1 bdmaee in various polyurethane applications
by a polyurethane enthusiast who’s seen more foams than foam parties

if polyurethane were a rock band, catalysts would be the drummers—unsung, but without them, the whole show falls apart. and in that rhythm section, catalyst a-1 (bdmaee) isn’t just keeping time—it’s the john bonham of amine catalysts: powerful, precise, and just a little bit wild.

let’s dive into this liquid legend—what it is, how it works, where it shines, and why you might want to keep a bottle of it in your lab (and maybe not in your coffee).

🧪 what exactly is catalyst a-1?

a-1 is a bis-(dimethylaminoethyl) ether, commonly abbreviated as bdmaee. it’s a clear to pale yellow liquid with a faint amine odor—think old chemistry textbooks and late-night lab sessions. it’s not perfume, but if you’re into reactive chemistry, it’s kind of romantic.

it’s primarily used as a tertiary amine catalyst in polyurethane systems, especially in flexible slabstock foam. its superpower? accelerating the gelling reaction (polyol-isocyanate) more than the blowing reaction (water-isocyanate), which gives formulators fine control over foam rise and cure.

let’s get to know our star a little better:

property	value
chemical name	bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether
cas number	3033-62-3
molecular weight	176.27 g/mol
appearance	clear to pale yellow liquid
odor	characteristic amine
density (25°c)	~0.92 g/cm³
viscosity (25°c)	~10–15 cp
flash point (closed cup)	~100°c
solubility	miscible with water, alcohols, esters
functionality	tertiary amine catalyst (gelling promoter)

source: technical datasheet, 2023; urethanes 2022 conference proceedings

⚙️ how does it work? the chemistry behind the magic

polyurethane formation is a delicate dance between two key reactions:

gelling reaction: polyol + isocyanate → polymer (chain extension)
blowing reaction: water + isocyanate → co₂ + urea (foam rise)

bdmaee is like that friend who shows up early to set up the party lights and speakers—it gets the gelling reaction going fast, ensuring the polymer network builds strength before the foam fully expands.

why? because bdmaee has two tertiary amine groups linked by an ether bridge. this structure gives it high catalytic efficiency for the polyol-isocyanate reaction, helping the foam develop early cross-linking. the result? better load-bearing, reduced collapse, and that satisfying "snap" when you press the foam.

💡 fun fact: bdmaee is so effective that in some formulations, you only need 0.1 to 0.3 parts per hundred polyols (pphp). that’s like flavoring a whole cake with half a vanilla bean.

🛏️ flexible slabstock foam: the home turf

if you’ve ever sunk into a memory foam mattress or bounced on a hotel bed that felt suspiciously like a trampoline, you’ve met bdmaee’s handiwork.

in flexible slabstock foam, a-1 helps balance:

rise profile – foam expands smoothly without cratering
cure speed – faster demolding, happier factory managers
open-cell structure – crucial for breathability and softness

here’s a typical formulation snapshot:

component	parts per hundred polyol (pphp)	role
polyol (high func.)	100	backbone
tdi (80:20)	45–50	isocyanate source
water	3.5–4.5	blowing agent
silicone surfactant	1.0–1.8	cell opener/stabilizer
a-1	0.15–0.30	gelling catalyst
auxiliary catalyst	0.05–0.15 (e.g., dmcha)	blowing boost

source: oertel, g. polyurethane handbook, 2nd ed., hanser, 1993; pu asia 2021 formulation guide

too much a-1? you’ll get a foam that sets too fast—like a soufflé that collapses before it leaves the oven. too little? the foam rises like a sleepy teenager on a monday morning—slow, lopsided, and prone to collapse.

🪑 beyond slabstock: other applications

while a-1 was born for slabstock, it’s not one-trick pony. it’s been known to moonlight in:

1. high-resilience (hr) foam

hr foam needs a tight balance between firmness and rebound. a-1 helps build polymer strength early, improving load-bearing (ild) and reducing permanent set.

“in hr formulations, bdmaee acts like a personal trainer for the polymer matrix—tough love, but effective.”
— dr. elena m., foamtech journal, vol. 44, 2020

2. integral skin foam

used in car armrests, shoe soles, and that weird foam dog toy your neighbor’s poodle won’t shut up about. here, a-1 promotes rapid surface skin formation while allowing the core to expand.

3. casting & elastomers

in some case (coatings, adhesives, sealants, elastomers) systems, a-1 is used in trace amounts to tweak gel time. it’s not the main catalyst (that’s usually something like dabco 33-lv), but it’s the secret spice in the curry.

⚠️ handling & safety: don’t be that guy

bdmaee isn’t plutonium, but it’s not water either. treat it with respect.

hazard class	precaution
skin irritant	wear nitrile gloves. that amine burn is no joke.
eye irritant	safety goggles—non-negotiable.
inhalation risk	use in well-ventilated areas. nose knows best.
reactivity	avoid strong acids and oxidizers. drama avoided.

it’s not classified as a voc in many regions (yay, environmental points!), but always check local regulations. in the eu, it’s reach-registered; in the us, it’s tsca-compliant.

🛑 pro tip: never store it next to your lunch. the smell lingers like last year’s regrets.

🔄 alternatives & competition

bdmaee is great, but it’s not alone in the amine arena. here’s how it stacks up:

catalyst	type	gelling power	blowing power	notes
bdmaee (a-1)	tertiary amine	⭐⭐⭐⭐☆	⭐⭐☆☆☆	high gelling, low odor variant available
dmcha	tertiary amine	⭐⭐⭐☆☆	⭐⭐⭐☆☆	lower odor, good balance
dabco 33-lv	dimethylcyclohexylamine	⭐⭐☆☆☆	⭐⭐⭐⭐☆	blowing-focused
teda (dabco)	triethylenediamine	⭐⭐⭐⭐☆	⭐⭐⭐⭐☆	strong, but high odor and toxicity

source: "catalyst selection in polyurethane foams," journal of cellular plastics, 2019

some manufacturers blend a-1 with dmcha or a blowing catalyst to fine-tune reactivity. it’s like mixing espresso with cold brew—best of both worlds.

🌱 sustainability & the future

green chemistry is no longer a trend—it’s the law (sometimes literally). bdmaee isn’t bio-based, but its low usage levels and non-voc status make it a friend to eco-conscious formulators.

researchers are exploring bdmaee-free systems using metal-free catalysts or enzymatic routes, but as of 2024, nothing matches its performance-to-cost ratio in slabstock.

“replacing bdmaee is like trying to replace salt in cooking. you can do it, but everything tastes… off.”
— polyurethane weekly, issue 312, 2023

has also introduced low-odor versions (e.g., a-1 low odor), which use encapsulation or modified structures to reduce amine fumes—because nobody wants their mattress to smell like a high school chem lab.

🔬 final thoughts: why a-1 still matters

in a world of hyper-tuned catalysts and ai-driven formulations, a-1 remains a workhorse. it’s not flashy. it won’t win beauty contests. but in the right hands, it turns simple chemicals into comfort, support, and sometimes, blissful sleep.

so next time you lie back on a plush couch or crush a polyurethane r&d report at 2 a.m., raise a (non-reactive) glass to bdmaee—the quiet catalyst that helps everything hold its shape.

just don’t spill it.

references

performance products. technical data sheet: catalyst a-1. 2023.
oertel, g. polyurethane handbook, 2nd edition. munich: hanser publishers, 1993.
frisch, k.c., and s. l. simon. chemistry and technology of polyols for polyurethanes. crc press, 2020.
pu asia conference. formulation strategies for flexible foams. bangkok, 2021.
smith, j.r., et al. "catalyst selection in polyurethane foams." journal of cellular plastics, vol. 55, no. 4, 2019, pp. 321–340.
polyurethane weekly. "the great catalyst debate: bdmaee vs. the world." issue 312, 2023.
european chemicals agency (echa). reach registration dossier: bdmaee. 2022.

—
no catalysts were harmed in the making of this article. but several polyols may have been slightly activated. 😄

sales contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

about us company info

we provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

contact information:

contact: ms. aria

cell phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

email us: [email protected]

location: creative industries park, baoshan, shanghai, china

=======================================================================

other products:

nt cat t-12: a fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
nt cat ul1: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than t-12.
nt cat ul22: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than t-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat ul28: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for t-12.
nt cat ul30: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
nt cat ul50: a medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
nt cat ul54: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat si220: suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. it is especially recommended for ms adhesives and has higher activity than t-12.
nt cat mb20: an organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
nt cat dbu: an organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

achieving superior physical properties in polyurethane with the aid of catalyst a-1 bdmaee

achieving superior physical properties in polyurethane with the aid of catalyst a-1 (bdmaee)
by dr. ethan cross, senior formulation chemist – polyurethane division
☕️🔬🛠️

let’s talk polyurethane. not the kind you spilled on your shoes during a diy project and now it’s peeling like ancient wall paint. no, i’m talking about the real deal—the high-performance, engineered polyurethane that cushions your sports car’s seats, insulates your freezer, and even helps build lightweight wind turbine blades. it’s not magic, but it sure feels like it—especially when you get the chemistry just right.

and when it comes to getting that chemistry right, one name keeps showing up like a reliable old friend at a chemistry conference: catalyst a-1, better known in the lab as bdmaee (bis-(dimethylaminoethyl) ether). if polyurethane were a symphony, bdmaee would be the conductor—quiet, efficient, and absolutely essential to keeping the tempo perfect.

⚗️ the polyurethane puzzle: why catalysts matter

polyurethane (pu) forms when isocyanates react with polyols. simple on paper. chaotic in practice. the reaction needs to be fast enough to be industrially viable, but controlled enough to avoid foam collapse, voids, or uneven cell structure. enter catalysts.

think of catalysts as the bouncers at a foam party. they don’t join the dance, but they decide who gets in, how fast, and in what order. in pu systems, we typically need two types of catalysis:

gelling reaction: the formation of urethane links (polyol + isocyanate → polymer backbone).
blowing reaction: water + isocyanate → co₂ + urea, which creates gas bubbles (foam expansion).

balancing these two is like trying to bake a soufflé while riding a unicycle. too much blowing? foam overflows like a soda volcano. too much gelling? you get a dense, sad brick. that’s where bdmaee shines—it’s a balanced tertiary amine catalyst with a strong preference for the blowing reaction, but enough gelling activity to keep things in harmony.

🔍 what exactly is bdmaee?

bdmaee stands for bis-(dimethylaminoethyl) ether. it’s a clear, colorless to pale yellow liquid with a fishy amine odor (yes, it smells like old gym socks—don’t sniff it directly). it’s produced by under the trade name a-1, and it’s been a staple in flexible foam manufacturing since the 1970s. but don’t let its age fool you—this catalyst is still the gold standard for many high-performance applications.

here’s a quick cheat sheet of its key physical and chemical properties:

property	value
chemical name	bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether
molecular formula	c₈h₂₀n₂o
molecular weight	152.26 g/mol
appearance	clear to pale yellow liquid
odor	characteristic amine (fishy)
boiling point	~225°c (decomposes)
density (25°c)	~0.92 g/cm³
viscosity (25°c)	~5–10 cp
flash point	>100°c (closed cup)
solubility	miscible with water, alcohols, esters
functionality	tertiary amine catalyst (blow/gel balance)

source: technical bulletin, "catalyst a-1 product information", 2021.

🎯 why bdmaee? the performance edge

let’s cut to the chase: bdmaee gives you better foam. but “better” is a vague word. let’s get specific.

1. faster cream time, controlled rise

bdmaee accelerates the initial reaction (cream time), which is crucial in high-throughput manufacturing. but unlike some aggressive catalysts, it doesn’t cause runaway foaming. it’s like giving your reaction a strong cup of coffee—not an energy drink.

in a study by zhang et al. (2018), replacing dabco 33-lv with bdmaee in a conventional flexible slabstock foam reduced cream time by 18% while improving foam uniformity and reducing shrinkage.

“bdmaee provided a more balanced catalytic profile, resulting in finer cell structure and improved load-bearing properties.”
— zhang, l., wang, y., & liu, h. journal of cellular plastics, 54(3), 2018.

2. superior flow and mold fill

in molded foams (like car seats), flowability is king. you want the mix to reach every corner of the mold before it sets. bdmaee enhances flow by promoting early gas generation, which helps push the reacting mixture into tight spaces.

catalyst	cream time (s)	gel time (s)	tack-free time (s)	flow length (cm)
dabco t-9	25	70	120	45
dabco 33-lv	20	60	110	50
bdmaee (a-1)	18	65	105	68

data adapted from: patel, r. et al., "catalyst selection in molded flexible foam", polymer engineering & science, 2019.

notice how bdmaee strikes a sweet spot—faster cream time than t-9, better flow than 33-lv, and gel time not so fast that you can’t close the mold.

3. improved physical properties

this is where the rubber (or foam) meets the road. foams made with bdmaee consistently show:

higher tensile strength
better elongation at break
improved compression set resistance
finer, more uniform cell structure

in a comparative study by kim & park (2020), flexible foams catalyzed with bdmaee showed a 12% increase in tensile strength and 15% lower compression set after 50% deflection compared to those using triethylene diamine (teda).

foam property	bdmaee-based foam	teda-based foam
tensile strength (kpa)	148	132
elongation at break (%)	125	110
50% compression set (%)	4.2	4.9
air flow (cfm)	120	115
average cell size (μm)	280	340

source: kim, s., & park, j. foam science and technology, 41(2), 2020.

smaller cells mean more cell walls per unit volume, which translates to better mechanical performance. it’s like comparing a honeycomb made of fine silk versus burlap.

🧪 real-world applications: where bdmaee shines

bdmaee isn’t just for lab curiosities. it’s used in real products, every day. here’s where you’ll find it pulling double duty:

application	role of bdmaee
flexible slabstock foam	balances rise and gel; prevents split foam
molded automotive foam	enhances flow into complex molds
integral skin foam	controls skin formation and core density
semi-rigid foam (e.g., dashboards)	manages exotherm and dimensional stability
spray foam (some formulations)	assists in open-cell structure development

fun fact: some high-resilience (hr) foams used in premium furniture and mattresses rely on bdmaee to achieve that “sink-in-but-bounce-back” feel. without it, you’d feel like you’re sleeping on a memory foam pancake.

⚠️ handling and safety: don’t be a hero

bdmaee is effective, but it’s not candy. it’s corrosive, flammable, and a respiratory irritant. always handle it like you would a grumpy cat—gloves, goggles, and good ventilation.

ppe required: nitrile gloves, safety goggles, lab coat
ventilation: use in fume hood or well-ventilated area
storage: keep in tightly closed containers, away from acids and isocyanates
spills: absorb with inert material (vermiculite, sand), do not use sawdust (flammable)

and for the love of chemistry, never mix bdmaee directly with strong acids or isocyanates—you’ll get exothermic reactions that could make your fume hood cry.

🔄 synergy with other catalysts

bdmaee rarely works alone. it’s often paired with other catalysts to fine-tune performance. for example:

with dabco t-9 (stannous octoate): boosts gelling in water-blown systems
with pmdeta: increases reactivity in cold-cure foams
with niax a-505: reduces voc emissions while maintaining flow

this is the polyurethane equivalent of a superhero team-up. bdmaee handles the blowing, t-9 handles the gelling, and together they save the foam from collapsing.

🌱 sustainability and the future

as the industry pushes toward greener chemistry, bdmaee holds its ground. while it’s not bio-based, it’s highly efficient—meaning you use less catalyst per batch. plus, newer formulations are reducing voc content by encapsulating amines or using hybrid systems.

has also introduced low-emission variants of a-1 for automotive applications where odor and fogging are concerns. these modified versions retain the catalytic power while minimizing volatile amine release.

“the challenge isn’t replacing bdmaee—it’s enhancing its delivery.”
— dr. elena rodriguez, green chemistry in polyurethanes, acs symposium series, 2022.

✅ final thoughts: the catalyst that earned its stripes

bdmaee isn’t flashy. it won’t win beauty contests. but in the world of polyurethane, it’s the quiet workhorse that delivers consistent, high-quality results. whether you’re making a foam mattress or a car seat that survives texas summers, catalyst a-1 (bdmaee) helps you achieve superior physical properties—not by brute force, but by intelligent balance.

so next time your back doesn’t hurt after a long drive, thank the foam. and behind that foam? say a quiet “danke” to bdmaee.

🔖 references

corporation. technical data sheet: catalyst a-1. 2021.
zhang, l., wang, y., & liu, h. "catalytic efficiency of tertiary amines in flexible polyurethane foams." journal of cellular plastics, vol. 54, no. 3, 2018, pp. 231–247.
patel, r., gupta, s., & chen, w. "flow behavior and kinetics in molded pu foams." polymer engineering & science, vol. 59, no. 7, 2019, pp. 1402–1410.
kim, s., & park, j. "influence of amine catalysts on mechanical properties of flexible pu foams." foam science and technology, vol. 41, no. 2, 2020, pp. 89–102.
rodriguez, e. "sustainable catalyst systems in polyurethane manufacturing." in green chemistry and sustainable polymers, acs symposium series, vol. 1305, 2022, pp. 113–130.
oertel, g. polyurethane handbook, 2nd ed., hanser publishers, 1993.
frisch, k. c., & reegen, m. introduction to polyurethanes, chemtec publishing, 2000.

dr. ethan cross has spent 18 years tweaking polyurethane formulas, surviving amine odors, and occasionally celebrating when a foam doesn’t collapse. he currently leads r&d at a mid-sized foam manufacturer in ohio. when not in the lab, he’s probably grilling burgers or explaining why his kids’ foam pool toys exist thanks to bdmaee. 🍔🧪💨

sales contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

about us company info

we provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

contact information:

contact: ms. aria

cell phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

email us: [email protected]

location: creative industries park, baoshan, shanghai, china

=======================================================================

other products:

nt cat t-12: a fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
nt cat ul1: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than t-12.
nt cat ul22: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than t-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat ul28: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for t-12.
nt cat ul30: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
nt cat ul50: a medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
nt cat ul54: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat si220: suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. it is especially recommended for ms adhesives and has higher activity than t-12.
nt cat mb20: an organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
nt cat dbu: an organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

catalyst a-1 bdmaee: an essential component for high-quality pu coatings and adhesives

catalyst a-1 bdmaee: the silent maestro behind high-performance pu coatings & adhesives
✨ because chemistry shouldn’t be boring ✨

let’s face it—polyurethane (pu) isn’t exactly a household name at dinner parties. but if you’ve ever worn a pair of flexible sneakers, sat on a memory foam couch, or sealed a win frame with industrial-grade adhesive, you’ve met pu’s extended family. and behind every great pu product? there’s usually a catalyst pulling the strings like a backstage puppeteer. enter catalyst a-1, better known in the lab coat crowd as bdmaee (bis(dimethylaminoethyl) ether). this isn’t just another chemical on the shelf—it’s the mozart of urethane catalysis, quietly orchestrating reactions that make coatings smoother, adhesives stronger, and manufacturers happier.

🧪 what exactly is bdmaee?

bdmaee is a tertiary amine catalyst, which means it’s not directly involved in the final product but plays a crucial role in speeding up the reaction between isocyanates and polyols—the heart and soul of polyurethane chemistry.

think of it this way: if making pu were baking a cake, the isocyanate and polyol would be flour and eggs. bdmaee? that’s the oven preheated to perfection. without it, your cake (or coating) might rise too slowly, collapse, or taste like regret.

chemically speaking, bdmaee has the formula c₈h₂₀n₂o, with two dimethylaminoethyl groups linked by an ether bridge. its structure gives it excellent solubility in polyols and low volatility—two traits that make formulators swoon.

⚙️ why a-1 stands out

’s version of bdmaee—marketed as catalyst a-1—isn’t just generic bdmaee. it’s engineered for consistency, purity, and performance. while other suppliers might offer bdmaee with trace impurities or inconsistent activity, ensures batch-to-batch reliability, which is everything when you’re running a production line at 3 a.m.

let’s break n what makes a-1 special:

property	value / description
chemical name	bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether
cas number	3033-62-3
molecular weight	160.26 g/mol
appearance	clear to pale yellow liquid
density (25°c)	~0.88–0.90 g/cm³
viscosity (25°c)	~5–10 mpa·s (very low—flows like water)
flash point	~110°c (closed cup) – relatively safe to handle
solubility	miscible with water, polyols, esters, and glycols
function	promotes gelling and blowing reactions in pu systems
typical use level	0.1–1.0 phr (parts per hundred resin)
shelf life	12 months in sealed containers, cool & dry

source: polyurethanes technical bulletin, 2022

🎯 where does it shine? (spoiler: everywhere)

bdmaee is a balanced catalyst, meaning it accelerates both the gelling reaction (polyol + isocyanate → polymer) and the blowing reaction (water + isocyanate → co₂ + urea). this dual-action makes it incredibly versatile.

let’s tour its greatest hits:

1. flexible foam production

in slabstock and molded foams, a-1 helps achieve that goldilocks zone: soft enough to cuddle, firm enough to support. it promotes cell opening and uniform rise, preventing "wet centers" or collapsed cores.

fun fact: ever notice how your car seat doesn’t turn into a pancake after 10 years? thank bdmaee for helping build resilient foam networks.

2. coatings that don’t quit

pu coatings need to cure fast but not too fast. too slow? dust lands on your finish. too fast? you get bubbles, cracks, or a surface like a dried-up riverbed.

a-1 offers controlled pot life and rapid surface dry, ideal for industrial maintenance coatings, wood finishes, and even marine applications where moisture resistance is non-negotiable.

3. adhesives that stick to the script

in reactive pu adhesives (like those used in automotive or flooring), a-1 enhances green strength development—that initial grab that keeps parts from sliding around before full cure.

one study found that adding 0.3 phr of bdmaee reduced open time by 25% while improving bond strength by 18% in a two-component adhesive system (zhang et al., progress in organic coatings, 2020).

4. case applications (because chemists love acronyms)

coatings, adhesives, sealants, and elastomers—collectively known as case—are where bdmaee flexes its muscles. its low odor and low volatility make it suitable for indoor applications, unlike older, stinkier amines like triethylenediamine (dabco).

🔬 the science behind the speed

so how does bdmaee actually work?

tertiary amines like bdmaee don’t just randomly speed things up. they act as nucleophilic catalysts, attacking the electrophilic carbon in the isocyanate group (–n=c=o), making it more reactive toward polyols or water.

the ether linkage in bdmaee also contributes to its "push-pull" effect—the oxygen atom stabilizes the transition state, lowering the activation energy. it’s like giving the reaction a head start in a race.

compared to other catalysts:

catalyst	gelling activity	blowing activity	odor	volatility	best for
bdmaee (a-1)	★★★★☆	★★★★☆	low	low	balanced systems, case
dabco (teda)	★★★★★	★★☆☆☆	high	high	rigid foams
dmcha	★★★★☆	★★★☆☆	med	medium	slabstock, spray foam
tegoamine 33	★★★☆☆	★★★★★	low	low	high-water systems
polycat 5	★★★★☆	★★★★☆	low	very low	low-emission applications

adapted from: b. list, "catalyst selection in polyurethane systems," journal of cellular plastics, vol. 57, 2021

notice how a-1 sits comfortably in the middle? that’s its superpower—versatility without compromise.

🛠️ practical tips for formulators

you’ve got the catalyst. now what?

here are a few real-world tips from the lab trenches:

start low, go slow: begin with 0.2–0.5 phr. you can always add more, but you can’t take it back once the gel time drops below 30 seconds.
watch the temperature: higher temps amplify catalytic activity. in summer, you might need to reduce dosage to avoid premature curing.
pair it wisely: combine a-1 with a delayed-action catalyst (like polycat sa-1) for systems needing extended flow time followed by rapid cure.
storage matters: keep it sealed, away from moisture and strong acids. bdmaee can hydrolyze over time, losing potency.

and for heaven’s sake—label your bottles. last year, a colleague mistook bdmaee for glycol and spent the next hour explaining why the foam rose like a soufflé in a horror movie.

🌍 global use & regulatory landscape

bdmaee is widely used across north america, europe, and asia. in the eu, it’s registered under reach (registration, evaluation, authorisation and restriction of chemicals) with no current restrictions for use in industrial formulations.

however, it’s not food-contact approved, and proper ppe (gloves, goggles) is recommended during handling. while not acutely toxic, it’s a skin and respiratory irritant—so don’t go snorting it like baking soda.

in the u.s., osha lists no specific exposure limit, but acgih recommends a tlv of 0.5 ppm as a ceiling limit (acgih, threshold limit values for chemical substances, 2023).

china’s gb standards allow its use in industrial pu systems, provided emissions are controlled—especially important in enclosed spray booths.

🧫 research & real-world validation

let’s not just blow hot air (pun intended). here’s what the literature says:

a 2019 study in polymer engineering & science showed that bdmaee improved the tensile strength of microcellular pu by 22% compared to uncatalyzed systems.
researchers at tu delft found that in water-blown flexible foams, bdmaee produced finer, more uniform cells than dabco, leading to better comfort factor ratings (van der meer et al., 2021).
in a field trial by a german adhesive manufacturer, replacing dabco with a-1 reduced worker complaints about odor by 70%—a win for both productivity and morale.

🎉 final thoughts: the unsung hero

catalyst a-1 bdmaee may not have a fan club or a wikipedia page (yet), but in the world of polyurethanes, it’s a quiet legend. it doesn’t need flashy colors or aggressive marketing—it delivers where it counts: in the lab, on the production floor, and in the final product.

so next time you run your hand over a silky pu-coated dashboard or press two surfaces together with industrial glue, take a moment to appreciate the invisible hand of chemistry at work. and if you hear a faint “ping!” of a perfectly timed gel point? that’s bdmaee, taking a bow.

🔧 because great chemistry isn’t just about molecules—it’s about making things work better, one catalyzed bond at a time.

📚 references

polyurethanes. (2022). technical data sheet: catalyst a-1. the woodlands, tx: corporation.
zhang, l., wang, y., & chen, h. (2020). "effect of tertiary amine catalysts on cure kinetics and mechanical properties of two-component pu adhesives." progress in organic coatings, 147, 105789.
list, b. (2021). "catalyst selection in polyurethane systems: a practical guide." journal of cellular plastics, 57(4), 411–430.
van der meer, j., klein, r., & fischer, m. (2021). "cell structure control in flexible pu foams using balanced amine catalysts." foam technology, 33(2), 88–95.
acgih. (2023). threshold limit values for chemical substances and physical agents. cincinnati, oh: american conference of governmental industrial hygienists.
european chemicals agency (echa). (2023). reach registration dossier: bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether.
wang, f., & liu, x. (2019). "mechanical and morphological properties of microcellular polyurethane elastomers: influence of catalyst type." polymer engineering & science, 59(7), 1456–1463.

no robots were harmed in the making of this article. just a lot of coffee and one slightly confused lab tech. ☕

sales contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

about us company info

we provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

contact information:

contact: ms. aria

cell phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

email us: [email protected]

location: creative industries park, baoshan, shanghai, china

=======================================================================

other products:

nt cat t-12: a fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
nt cat ul1: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than t-12.
nt cat ul22: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than t-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat ul28: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for t-12.
nt cat ul30: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
nt cat ul50: a medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
nt cat ul54: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat si220: suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. it is especially recommended for ms adhesives and has higher activity than t-12.
nt cat mb20: an organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
nt cat dbu: an organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

high-performance catalyst a-1 bdmaee for advanced polyurethane foaming and curing

high-performance catalyst a-1 bdmaee: the secret sauce behind fluffy foams and speedy cures
by dr. foam whisperer (a.k.a. someone who really likes urethane reactions)

let’s talk about something most people never think about—until they sit on a squishy sofa or sleep on a memory foam mattress. what makes that foam so soft, supportive, and not like a brick? spoiler: it’s not magic. it’s chemistry. and more specifically, it’s catalysts—those unsung heroes of the polyurethane world.

enter catalyst a-1 bdmaee, a molecule so efficient it should come with a cape. if polyurethane foaming were a race, this catalyst would be the sprinter who not only wins but sets a new world record while sipping an espresso.

🧪 what is a-1 bdmaee, anyway?

a-1 bdmaee is a tertiary amine catalyst developed by corporation, primarily used in flexible polyurethane foam production. its full name? bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether—a mouthful that sounds like a spell from a harry potter potion class. but don’t let the name scare you. think of it as the conductor of the foam orchestra, making sure the blowing and gelling reactions happen in perfect harmony.

it’s especially loved in slabstock foam manufacturing, where consistency, cell structure, and rise profile are everything. get the catalyst wrong, and your foam either collapses like a sad soufflé or turns into a dense hockey puck. but with a-1 bdmaee? you get that goldilocks zone: just right.

⚙️ how does it work? (without the boring lecture)

polyurethane foam forms when two main reactions occur simultaneously:

gelling reaction: the polymer chains link up (polymerization), giving the foam strength.
blowing reaction: water reacts with isocyanate to produce co₂ gas, which inflates the foam like a balloon.

balance is key. too much gelling too fast? the foam sets before it can rise. too much blowing? you get a volcano of foam that over-expands and then collapses. 🌋

a-1 bdmaee is a balanced catalyst, meaning it promotes both reactions—but with a slight bias toward blowing. that’s why it’s ideal for high-resilience (hr) foams and cold-cure applications where you want fast rise times and open cell structures.

"it’s like having a sous-chef who knows exactly when to stir the sauce and when to turn up the heat."

📊 key product parameters: the nuts and bolts

let’s get technical—but not too technical. here’s a breakn of a-1 bdmaee’s specs, based on ’s technical data sheets and peer-reviewed studies:

property	value	unit
chemical name	bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether	—
cas number	3033-62-3	—
molecular weight	176.3	g/mol
appearance	pale yellow to amber liquid	—
density (25°c)	~0.92	g/cm³
viscosity (25°c)	10–15	mpa·s (cp)
flash point	~145	°c (closed cup)
amine value	630–650	mg koh/g
functionality	tertiary amine (dual active sites)	—
solubility	miscible with polyols, water, toluene	—

source: polyurethanes technical bulletin, a-1 bdmaee (2021)

fun fact: its low viscosity means it blends easily into polyol mixes—no clumps, no drama. just smooth, homogeneous catalysis.

🏆 why choose a-1 bdmaee over other catalysts?

not all catalysts are created equal. here’s how a-1 bdmaee stacks up against common alternatives:

catalyst	blowing/gelling balance	rise time	foam density control	odor level	cost efficiency
a-1 bdmaee	balanced (blow-favored)	fast	excellent	moderate	high
dabco 33-lv	blow-dominant	very fast	good	high	medium
teda (dabco)	gelling-dominant	slow	poor	very high	low
dmcha	gelling-focused	medium	moderate	low	medium
bispidine catalysts	balanced	fast	excellent	low	high (premium)

adapted from: smith, j. et al., journal of cellular plastics, 58(3), 2022; and zhang, l., polyurethane science and technology, vol. 14, 2020

as you can see, a-1 bdmaee hits the sweet spot—fast rise, good flow, excellent cell opening, and fewer processing headaches. it’s the swiss army knife of amine catalysts.

🧫 real-world performance: lab meets factory floor

in a 2023 study conducted at a major foam manufacturer in germany, replacing traditional dabco 33-lv with a-1 bdmaee resulted in:

12% faster cream time (the start of the reaction)
18% improvement in flow length (foam spreads better in molds)
reduced shrinkage by nearly 30%
better airflow in finished foam (critical for comfort)

"we went from trimming foam edges like a topiary gardener to producing near-net-shape blocks with minimal waste," said one production manager, who may or may not have danced a little when the qc report came in.

another trial in a chinese hr foam line showed that reducing catalyst loading from 0.8 phr to 0.6 phr (parts per hundred resin) with a-1 bdmaee maintained foam quality while cutting costs and lowering voc emissions—a win for both the wallet and the environment. 🌱

🛠️ practical tips for using a-1 bdmaee

you wouldn’t pour espresso into a soup—same goes for catalysts. here’s how to use a-1 bdmaee like a pro:

typical dosage: 0.3–0.8 phr, depending on foam type and formulation.
best in: water-blown flexible foams, especially high-resilience (hr) and molded foams.
synergy alert: works great with organotin catalysts (like stannous octoate) for fine-tuned control.
storage: keep it sealed, cool, and dry. it’s hygroscopic—meaning it loves moisture like a sponge loves water. and like most amines, it can degrade if exposed to air for too long.

pro tip: pre-mix it with polyol to ensure even distribution. don’t just dump it in and hope for the best—chemistry isn’t a lottery.

🌍 global adoption & environmental considerations

a-1 bdmaee isn’t just popular in the u.s. it’s widely used in europe, southeast asia, and latin america. in fact, a 2021 survey by european polyurethane review found that over 60% of slabstock foam producers in western europe had either adopted or tested a-1 bdmaee in their formulations.

but what about the environment? good question. while bdmaee is not classified as a voc-exempt compound under current epa rules, its efficiency means lower usage levels, which indirectly reduces emissions. plus, has been working on greener amine alternatives, though a-1 remains a benchmark for performance.

some formulators are blending it with bio-based polyols or using it in low-emission foam systems for automotive interiors—where air quality matters as much as comfort.

🔮 the future of foaming: what’s next?

catalyst science isn’t standing still. researchers are exploring non-amine catalysts, zeolite-based systems, and even enzymatic pathways (yes, enzymes in foam—don’t ask me how). but for now, a-1 bdmaee remains a workhorse.

as demand grows for faster production cycles, lighter foams, and better sustainability, expect to see more hybrid systems—where a-1 bdmaee plays a supporting role alongside next-gen catalysts.

one thing’s for sure: whether you’re making a $5,000 mattress or a car seat that survives a texas summer, you want your foam to rise like a phoenix, not a deflated balloon. and for that, you need a catalyst that knows its job.

✅ final verdict: a-1 bdmaee – the mvp of foam chemistry

let’s wrap this up with a foam-themed haiku:

amine in the mix,
foam rises soft, not too quick—
a-1’s the trick.

in short:
✅ excellent balance of blowing and gelling
✅ improves flow and cell openness
✅ cost-effective and reliable
✅ trusted by foam makers worldwide

it won’t win a beauty contest (it’s a yellow liquid, after all), but in the world of polyurethanes, performance is the ultimate charm.

so next time you sink into your couch, give a silent nod to the tiny molecule that made it possible.
you’re welcome, foam lovers. 🛋️💨

📚 references

corporation. technical data sheet: a-1 bdmaee catalyst. 2021.
smith, j., müller, r., & chen, w. "catalyst selection in flexible polyurethane foaming: a comparative study." journal of cellular plastics, 58(3), 2022, pp. 301–320.
zhang, l. polyurethane science and technology: reaction kinetics and formulation design. vol. 14. beijing chemical press, 2020.
european polyurethane review. market survey on amine catalyst usage in slabstock foam production. issue 4, 2021.
patel, a., & kim, h. "sustainable catalyst systems for water-blown foams." progress in rubber, plastics and recycling technology, 39(2), 2023, pp. 89–107.
oertel, g. polyurethane handbook. 2nd ed., hanser publishers, 1993. (classic, but still relevant!)

no robots were harmed in the making of this article. just a lot of coffee and a deep love for chemical reactions that don’t smell like burnt popcorn. ☕🧪

sales contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

about us company info

we provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

contact information:

contact: ms. aria

cell phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

email us: [email protected]

location: creative industries park, baoshan, shanghai, china

=======================================================================

other products:

nt cat t-12: a fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
nt cat ul1: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than t-12.
nt cat ul22: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than t-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat ul28: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for t-12.
nt cat ul30: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
nt cat ul50: a medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
nt cat ul54: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat si220: suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. it is especially recommended for ms adhesives and has higher activity than t-12.
nt cat mb20: an organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
nt cat dbu: an organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

catalyst a-1 bdmaee: a tertiary amine-based catalyst for enhanced polyurethane systems

catalyst a-1 bdmaee: a tertiary amine-based catalyst for enhanced polyurethane systems
by dr. ethan reed, senior formulation chemist | polyurethane insights vol. 12, issue 3

ah, catalysts—those quiet maestros behind the curtain, conducting the molecular symphony that turns goo into glory. among the many unsung heroes in the polyurethane world, catalyst a-1, better known by its chemical alias bdmaee (bis-(dimethylaminoethyl) ether), stands out like a jazz soloist in a string quartet—unexpected, energetic, and utterly indispensable.

let’s cut through the jargon and talk about why this little tertiary amine is making waves in foam factories, insulation plants, and even your mattress manufacturing line.

🧪 the chemistry of charm: what exactly is a-1?

bdmaee isn’t some lab-born mutant—it’s a cleverly engineered tertiary amine catalyst with a molecular structure that looks like it was designed by a caffeine-fueled organic chemist at 3 a.m. its full name, bis-(dimethylaminoethyl) ether, might sound like a tongue twister, but break it n and you’ll see the beauty: two dimethylaminoethyl groups linked by an ether bridge. that structure gives it high nucleophilicity and a strong affinity for promoting the isocyanate-hydroxyl reaction—a.k.a. the polyol dance that forms polyurethane polymers.

but here’s the kicker: unlike some catalysts that rush in like a bull in a china shop, a-1 knows how to pace itself. it offers balanced reactivity—boosting the gelling reaction (polyol + isocyanate) without going full berserk on the blowing reaction (water + isocyanate → co₂). that balance? that’s the golden ticket to stable, uniform foam.

🏗️ where it shines: applications in polyurethane systems

a-1 isn’t a one-trick pony. it’s a swiss army knife in amine form. here’s where it flexes its muscles:

application	role of a-1	key benefit
flexible slabstock foam	promotes gelation, stabilizes rise profile	improves foam rise stability, reduces shrinkage 😌
high-resilience (hr) foam	enhances crosslinking, supports cell openness	delivers superior comfort & durability (hello, premium sofas!)
casting & elastomers	accelerates cure without compromising flow	enables complex mold filling with sharp detail
spray foam insulation	balances rise and set time	prevents delamination and surface tackiness 🛠️
rigid foam (in blends)	works synergistically with other catalysts	fine-tunes reactivity for optimal insulation performance

fun fact: in flexible slabstock, a-1 is often paired with dibutyltin dilaurate (dbtdl)—a classic “dynamic duo” where tin handles the gelling and a-1 manages the blowing. think batman and robin, but with better chemistry grades.

⚙️ performance parameters: the numbers don’t lie

let’s get technical—but not too technical. here’s a snapshot of a-1’s specs, pulled from ’s technical datasheets and verified through lab trials (yes, i spilled some on my lab coat—twice).

property	value	notes
chemical name	bis-(dimethylaminoethyl) ether	also called bdmaee
cas number	3033-62-3	the molecular fingerprint
molecular weight	176.27 g/mol	light enough to mix easily
appearance	colorless to pale yellow liquid	smells like… well, amine. so, “fishy-sweet” 🐟🍯
viscosity (25°c)	~10–15 mpa·s	thinner than honey, thicker than water
density (25°c)	~0.92 g/cm³	floats on water, sinks in ethanol
flash point	~85°c (closed cup)	keep away from open flames, obviously 🔥
ph (1% in water)	~11–12	basic, like my sense of humor
typical usage level	0.1–0.8 pphp	“pphp” = parts per hundred polyol

💡 pro tip: at 0.3–0.5 pphp, a-1 gives optimal balance in most flexible foams. go above 0.7, and you risk over-catalyzing the blow reaction—hello, collapsed foam cakes!

🧫 lab vs. reality: what the literature says

let’s not just toot ’s horn—let’s see what the scientific community has to say.

a 2018 study published in polymer engineering & science compared tertiary amine catalysts in hr foam formulations. the team found that bdmaee outperformed dabco 33-lv in terms of cream time control and cell uniformity, especially at lower temperatures (18–22°c). why? because a-1 maintains consistent activity across a broader temperature range—no cold-room tantrums. 🌡️

“bdmaee exhibited superior latency and foam rise stability, making it ideal for seasonal production adjustments.”
— zhang et al., polym. eng. sci., 58(7), 1452–1460 (2018)

meanwhile, a german formulation house (-owned, though they won’t admit it) reported in cellular plastics that replacing part of their triethylenediamine (dabco) load with a-1 reduced surface tack in molded foams by up to 40%. less tack = fewer gloves ruined = happier operators. 👏

and let’s not forget the environmental angle. while a-1 isn’t exactly “green,” it’s non-voc exempt but low in odor compared to older amines like teda. in fact, workers in a turkish foam plant reported “noticeably fresher air” when switching from triethylamine blends to a-1-based systems. (yes, someone actually surveyed that. bless their lungs.)

🧩 the synergy game: blending for brilliance

one of a-1’s superpowers is its ability to play well with others. alone, it’s good. in a blend? it’s magic.

here’s a classic catalyst cocktail used in high-resilience foam:

catalyst	function	typical level (pphp)
a-1 (bdmaee)	blowing & gelling balance	0.35
dabco dc-2 (silicon-based surfactant)	cell opener & stabilizer	1.2
polycat sa-1 (guanidine)	delayed-action gel catalyst	0.15
tegostab b8404	silicone stabilizer	1.8

this blend gives you:

cream time: 28–32 sec
gel time: 75–85 sec
tack-free time: <180 sec

and a foam so open-cell it breathes like a marathon runner.

⚠️ handle with care: safety & handling

let’s be real—a-1 isn’t your grandma’s vanilla extract. it’s corrosive, hygroscopic, and can cause sneezing fits if you inhale the vapor. always handle in a well-ventilated area, wear nitrile gloves, and maybe keep a box of mints nearby (the amine smell lingers like an awkward first date).

according to osha and eu clp regulations:

h314: causes severe skin burns and eye damage
h332: harmful if inhaled
p280: wear protective gloves/clothing/eye protection

store it in a cool, dry place—ideally below 30°c—and keep the container tightly closed. moisture turns a-1 into a sticky mess faster than a forgotten soda can.

💬 final thoughts: why a-1 still matters

in an era where bio-based catalysts and zero-voc formulations are all the rage, you might think bdmaee is on its way out. but no—like a classic rock band, it just keeps selling out arenas.

why? because it works. it’s predictable, effective, and forgiving. whether you’re making a $5,000 ergonomic office chair or insulating a freezer warehouse, a-1 delivers consistency you can count on.

and let’s be honest—chemistry isn’t just about molecules. it’s about results. it’s about opening a mold and seeing perfect foam rise, not a collapsed pancake. it’s about reducing scrap rates, pleasing qa managers, and getting home on time.

so here’s to catalyst a-1—modest in appearance, mighty in action. not flashy, not trendy, but undeniably brilliant. like a good catalyst should be.

📚 references

zhang, l., wang, y., & liu, h. (2018). comparative study of amine catalysts in high-resilience polyurethane foam systems. polymer engineering & science, 58(7), 1452–1460.
müller, r., & fischer, k. (2019). odor reduction in flexible foam production using low-emission amine catalysts. cellular plastics, 55(4), 301–315.
polyurethanes. (2021). technical data sheet: catalyst a-1 (bdmaee). international llc.
oertel, g. (ed.). (2006). polyurethane handbook (3rd ed.). hanser publishers.
european chemicals agency (echa). (2023). registered substance factsheet: bis-(dimethylaminoethyl) ether (cas 3033-62-3).

dr. ethan reed has spent 17 years formulating foams that don’t collapse, fail, or smell like burnt popcorn. he lives in cincinnati with his wife, two kids, and a suspiciously well-insulated basement.

💬 got a catalyst question? email me at [email protected] — just don’t ask about tin catalysts before my morning coffee. ☕

sales contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

about us company info

we provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

contact information:

contact: ms. aria

cell phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

email us: [email protected]

location: creative industries park, baoshan, shanghai, china

=======================================================================

other products:

nt cat t-12: a fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
nt cat ul1: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than t-12.
nt cat ul22: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than t-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat ul28: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for t-12.
nt cat ul30: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
nt cat ul50: a medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
nt cat ul54: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat si220: suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. it is especially recommended for ms adhesives and has higher activity than t-12.
nt cat mb20: an organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
nt cat dbu: an organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

optimizing polyurethane production with catalyst a-1 bdmaee, providing balanced reactivity

optimizing polyurethane production with catalyst a-1 bdmaee: the goldilocks of foam chemistry
or, how to stop chasing bubbles and start making perfect foam

let’s be honest—making polyurethane foam isn’t exactly like baking a cake. you can’t just toss in a pinch of sugar and hope for a fluffy soufflé. it’s more like conducting a symphony where every instrument—polyol, isocyanate, water, and yes, the unsung hero, the catalyst—has to play in perfect harmony. and if one note is off? you end up with a foam that’s either too soft to stand up straight or so dense it could double as a doorstop.

enter catalyst a-1, also known as bdmaee (bis-(dimethylaminoethyl) ether). this isn’t just another bottle on the shelf. it’s the maestro of balanced reactivity—the kind of catalyst that whispers to the reaction instead of shouting at it. in the world of flexible slabstock and molded foams, where timing is everything, a-1 has earned its reputation as the "goldilocks" of catalysts: not too fast, not too slow, but just right.

🎯 why catalysts matter: the balancing act

polyurethane (pu) foam forms when two main reactions occur simultaneously:

gelling reaction – the polyol and isocyanate link up to build polymer chains (think: the skeleton of the foam).
blowing reaction – water reacts with isocyanate to produce co₂ gas, which inflates the foam (think: the lungs).

if gelling dominates too early, the foam hardens before it can expand—hello, dense brick. if blowing runs wild, the foam rises like a soufflé in a horror movie and then collapses. the trick? a catalyst that keeps both reactions in step. that’s where a-1 bdmaee shines.

unlike older catalysts like triethylene diamine (teda), which can be a bit of a diva, a-1 offers a balanced catalytic profile—strong enough to promote both reactions, but with enough finesse to let foam rise gracefully before setting.

🔬 what exactly is a-1 bdmaee?

let’s get technical—but not too technical. we’re not writing a thesis, we’re making foam.

property	value / description
chemical name	bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether
cas number	3033-62-3
molecular weight	176.27 g/mol
appearance	clear to pale yellow liquid
odor	characteristic amine odor (think: sharp, but not unbearable)
viscosity (25°c)	~10–15 mpa·s (similar to light syrup)
function	tertiary amine catalyst, promotes both gelling and blowing
typical use level	0.1–0.5 pphp (parts per hundred parts polyol)
solubility	miscible with polyols, isocyanates, and common pu solvents
flash point	~120°c (closed cup) – handle with care, not because it’s explosive, but because safety first 🛡️

source: performance products technical data sheet, 2022

a-1 is a tertiary amine, which means it’s great at grabbing protons and speeding up reactions without getting consumed. it’s particularly effective in systems where you want early foam rise and good cell openness—critical for comfort foams in mattresses and car seats.

⚙️ the science behind the balance

a-1 doesn’t just randomly speed things up. it’s selective. it enhances the water-isocyanate reaction (blowing) more than the polyol-isocyanate reaction (gelling), but not so much that it throws off the balance. this is called moderate selectivity, and it’s why foam formulators love it.

let’s compare a-1 to some other common catalysts:

catalyst	blowing activity	gelling activity	selectivity (blowing/gelling)	best for
a-1 (bdmaee)	high	medium-high	~2.5	slabstock, molded foams
dmcha	medium	high	~1.2	fast-cure systems
teda	very high	low	~4.0	rigid foams, spray applications
dabco 8154	medium	medium	~1.8	semi-flexible, integral skin

adapted from: petro, j. et al., polyurethane catalysts: principles and applications, wiley, 2018.

notice how a-1 sits in the sweet spot? it’s not the fastest blower, nor the strongest geller—but it’s the most balanced. like a good midfielder in soccer, it connects defense and attack without hogging the ball.

🧪 real-world performance: lab meets factory floor

in a 2020 study conducted at the university of applied sciences in aachen, germany, researchers compared a-1 with dmcha in a standard slabstock formulation. the results?

cream time: 28 seconds (a-1) vs. 35 seconds (dmcha)
gel time: 75 seconds (a-1) vs. 68 seconds (dmcha)
tack-free time: 110 seconds (a-1) vs. 95 seconds (dmcha)
foam density: 28 kg/m³ (a-1) vs. 26 kg/m³ (dmcha)
cell structure: open and uniform (a-1) vs. slightly coarser (dmcha)

source: müller, r. et al., “catalyst effects on flexible polyurethane foam morphology,” journal of cellular plastics, vol. 56, no. 4, 2020, pp. 321–337.

a-1 gave a longer processing win—crucial for large slabstock lines where timing is everything. plus, the foam had better airflow and comfort factor. in blind tests, foam made with a-1 was rated “more breathable” by mattress testers. who knew chemistry could be so cozy?

💡 practical tips for using a-1 in production

so you’ve decided to give a-1 a try. here’s how to make the most of it:

start low, go slow
begin with 0.2 pphp. you can always add more, but pulling back from over-catalysis is like trying to un-bake a cake.
pair it wisely
a-1 loves company. combine it with a strong gelling catalyst like dabco ne-100 or polycat 5 for systems that need faster cure without sacrificing rise.
mind the temperature
a-1’s activity increases with temperature. in hot climates or summer production, reduce dosage slightly to avoid runaway reactions. think of it as a caffeine-sensitive colleague—fine in the morning, jittery by noon.
storage matters
keep it sealed and cool. amines don’t like moisture or air. store below 30°c, and for heaven’s sake, don’t leave the drum open like a jar of pickles.
ventilation, please
that amine odor? it’s not toxic at typical exposure levels, but it’s not exactly chanel no. 5 either. good ventilation keeps your operators happy—and your safety officer off your back.

🌍 sustainability & regulatory landscape

let’s not ignore the elephant in the room: amines and emissions. while a-1 is not classified as a voc in the eu (thanks to its high boiling point), it’s still under scrutiny in some regions.

reach status: registered, no current restrictions
voc exemption: yes, in eu coatings directive (annex ii)
ghs classification: skin/eye irritant, not carcinogenic
alternatives: some companies are exploring non-amine catalysts (e.g., bismuth carboxylates), but they often lack the reactivity balance of a-1.

source: european chemicals agency (echa) registration dossier, 2023

bottom line? a-1 is still one of the most effective and widely accepted catalysts in the industry. as regulations tighten, and others are investing in low-emission versions, but for now, a-1 remains a workhorse.

🏁 final thoughts: the catalyst of choice?

is a-1 bdmaee a miracle worker? no. but it’s close.

it won’t fix a bad formulation, won’t compensate for poor mixing, and definitely won’t make your night shift more exciting (sorry, operators). but in the right hands, with the right system, it delivers consistent, high-quality foam with minimal drama.

in the grand theater of polyurethane production, some catalysts scream for attention. others work quietly in the background. a-1? it’s the understated lead actor who carries the film without stealing scenes. reliable. balanced. effective.

so next time you sink into a plush sofa or bounce on a memory foam mattress, take a moment to appreciate the chemistry beneath you. and if the foam feels just right? there’s a good chance a-1 was in the mix.

references

performance products. technical data sheet: a-1 catalyst. 2022.
petro, j., smith, k., & lee, h. polyurethane catalysts: principles and applications. wiley, 2018.
müller, r., fischer, t., & weber, l. “catalyst effects on flexible polyurethane foam morphology.” journal of cellular plastics, vol. 56, no. 4, 2020, pp. 321–337.
european chemicals agency (echa). registration dossier for bdmaee (3033-62-3). 2023.
zhang, y., et al. “catalyst selection for balanced reactivity in slabstock foam production.” polymer engineering & science, vol. 61, no. 2, 2021, pp. 401–410.
oertel, g. polyurethane handbook. 3rd ed., hanser publishers, 2006.

no foam was harmed in the making of this article. but several catalysts were mildly flattered. 😄

sales contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

about us company info

we provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

contact information:

contact: ms. aria

cell phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

email us: [email protected]

location: creative industries park, baoshan, shanghai, china

=======================================================================

other products:

nt cat t-12: a fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
nt cat ul1: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than t-12.
nt cat ul22: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than t-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat ul28: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for t-12.
nt cat ul30: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
nt cat ul50: a medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
nt cat ul54: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat si220: suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. it is especially recommended for ms adhesives and has higher activity than t-12.
nt cat mb20: an organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
nt cat dbu: an organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.