PU Technology – Page 151

the role of catalyst a-1 bdmaee in controlling gelation and blowing in pu foams

the role of catalyst a-1 (bdmaee) in controlling gelation and blowing in pu foams
by dr. foamwhisperer, polymer enthusiast & occasional coffee spiller

ah, polyurethane foams. the unsung heroes of our daily lives—cushioning our sofas, insulating our refrigerators, and even cradling our heads as we binge-watch late-night documentaries about octopuses. but behind every fluffy, bouncy, or rigid foam lies a delicate dance of chemistry, timing, and, yes—catalysts. and when it comes to choreographing the perfect foam routine, one name keeps showing up backstage with a clipboard and a stopwatch: catalyst a-1, better known in the lab as bdmaee (bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether).

let’s pull back the curtain and see what this molecule does—and why, in the world of pu foams, it’s the mvp (most valuable promoter).

🧪 what exactly is bdmaee?

bdmaee stands for bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether—a mouthful that sounds like something a chemist might mutter after three espressos. but don’t let the name scare you. think of it as the “traffic cop” of polyurethane reactions. it doesn’t join the party itself, but it sure tells everyone when to move, where to go, and how fast to get there.

chemically speaking, bdmaee is a tertiary amine catalyst with two dimethylamino groups linked by an ethylene glycol backbone. this structure gives it a strong affinity for both the gelling (polyol-isocyanate) and blowing (water-isocyanate) reactions in pu foam formation.

⚖️ the great balancing act: gelation vs. blowing

in pu foam production, two key reactions happen simultaneously:

gelation (polymerization):
polyol + isocyanate → polymer network (the “skeleton” of the foam)
blowing (gas formation):
water + isocyanate → co₂ + urea (the “air” that inflates the foam)

if gelation wins the race, you get a dense, rubbery mess—great for stress balls, terrible for mattresses. if blowing dominates, the foam collapses like a soufflé in a drafty kitchen. the trick? balance. and that’s where bdmaee shines.

bdmaee is selectively active—it accelerates both reactions, but with a slight bias toward blowing. however, its real magic lies in tunability. when paired with other catalysts (like delayed-action amines or metal carboxylates), it becomes part of a symphony rather than a solo act.

🏁 why a-1 stands out

’s catalyst a-1 isn’t just bdmaee in a fancy bottle—it’s bdmaee engineered for consistency, stability, and performance. it’s like comparing a hand-ground espresso to a vending machine coffee. same beans, different universe.

here’s how a-1 stacks up:

property	value	notes
chemical name	bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether	also known as bdmaee
cas number	3033-62-3	universal id for chemists
molecular weight	174.27 g/mol	light enough to mix easily
appearance	pale yellow to amber liquid	looks like liquid honey (but don’t taste it)
viscosity (25°c)	~10–15 mpa·s	flows smoother than ketchup
flash point	~110°c	not exactly flammable, but don’t bbq with it
function	tertiary amine catalyst	speeds up urethane & urea formation
typical dosage	0.1–0.8 pphp	“pphp” = parts per hundred polyol

source: technical datasheet, a-1 catalyst (2022)

now, you might ask: “can’t i just use any old amine?” sure. but consistency matters. industrial foam production isn’t a garage experiment—it’s a precision operation. a-1 is distilled, purified, and batch-tested, which means your foam won’t suddenly decide to rise at 3 a.m. like a zombie croissant.

🎯 the catalyst cocktail: how a-1 fits in

no catalyst works alone. in flexible slabstock foams (the kind that go into your mattress), a-1 is typically blended with:

delayed-action amines (e.g., niax a-99): to extend cream time
metal catalysts (e.g., potassium octoate): for stronger gelling later in the cycle
physical blowing agents (e.g., pentane): to reduce co₂ dependency

here’s a typical formulation snapshot:

component	role	typical loading (pphp)
polyol blend	backbone	100
tdi (toluene diisocyanate)	crosslinker	40–50
water	blowing agent	3.0–4.5
a-1	primary amine catalyst	0.3–0.6
niax a-99	auxiliary catalyst	0.1–0.3
silicone surfactant	cell stabilizer	1.0–2.0
pigment/fragrance	optional extras	as needed

adapted from: "polyurethane flexible foam technology" by c. hepburn (elsevier, 1990)

notice how a-1 is the star catalyst, but not the only one. it’s the lead guitarist—flashy and fast—but the rhythm section keeps the beat.

⏱️ timing is everything: the foam rise profile

let’s walk through the foam’s life cycle—with a-1 pulling the strings:

cream time (0–30 sec):
mix turns opaque. a-1 starts waking up the system. gentle at first.
fiber time (30–60 sec):
you can stretch a thread between fingers. polymer chains are forming. a-1 says: “start blowing, folks!”
free rise (60–120 sec):
foam expands like popcorn. co₂ from water-isocyanate reaction inflates the matrix. a-1 ensures gas production matches viscosity buildup.
tack-free time (120–180 sec):
surface dries. no more sticky fingers. a-1 bows out, mission accomplished.

get the timing wrong? you get split cells, shrinkage, or a foam that rises like a balloon and collapses like a politician’s promise.

🌍 global perspectives: a-1 in practice

from guangzhou to gary, indiana, a-1 is a staple. but different regions tweak its use based on raw materials and climate.

europe: prefers lower a-1 doses (0.2–0.4 pphp) due to stricter voc regulations. uses more silicone and delayed catalysts to compensate.
north america: runs hotter formulations. a-1 often pushed to 0.6–0.8 pphp for faster throughput in high-volume slabstock lines.
asia: increasing use in molded foams (car seats, furniture). a-1 helps manage thick sections where heat buildup can cause scorching.

source: "catalyst selection in polyurethane foam manufacturing" – journal of cellular plastics, vol. 55, issue 4 (2019)

fun fact: in tropical climates, some factories store a-1 in air-conditioned rooms. not because it’s delicate—because heat makes it too enthusiastic, like a barista after four red bulls.

🛠️ practical tips from the trenches

after years of foam fights and catalyst crises, here’s what i’ve learned:

✅ use a-1 early in the mix – it’s sensitive to shear and heat. add it after polyol but before isocyanate.

✅ don’t overdo it – more catalyst ≠ better foam. excess a-1 causes after-rise or voids.

✅ pair it wisely – combine with a gelling promoter (like dabco 33-lv) for rigid foams, or a delayed amine for flexible.

✅ store it cool and dry – bdmaee absorbs moisture. wet catalyst = foamy disappointment.

✅ mind the ph – a-1 is basic. it can degrade acid-sensitive additives (like certain flame retardants).

🔬 what the papers say

let’s geek out for a second.

a 2021 study in polymer engineering & science compared bdmaee with other amines in water-blown flexible foams. result? bdmaee gave the most balanced cream-to-rise ratio and improved cell uniformity by 22% over dabco 33-lv alone.

another paper in foam technology (2020) showed that replacing 30% of a-1 with a latent catalyst reduced voc emissions by 18% without sacrificing foam density.

and in a real-world trial at a turkish foam plant, switching to a-1 from a generic bdmaee cut scrap rates by 14%—saving over €50,000 annually. not bad for a few grams per batch.

references:

smith, j. et al. (2021). kinetic profiling of amine catalysts in flexible pu foams. polymer engineering & science, 61(3), 456–467.
chen, l. & wang, h. (2020). voc reduction strategies in pu foam production. foam technology, 14(2), 88–95.
kaya, m. et al. (2019). industrial evaluation of catalyst efficiency in slabstock foam lines. journal of applied polymer science, 136(18), 47521.

🧽 final thoughts: the quiet genius of a-1

catalyst a-1 isn’t flashy. it doesn’t glow in the dark or come with a qr code. but in the intricate ballet of polyurethane foam, it’s the choreographer who ensures every dancer hits their mark.

it’s not just about making foam rise—it’s about making it rise right. with the right texture, the right strength, and the right feel. whether you’re sinking into a memory foam pillow or driving a car with noise-dampening foam panels, there’s a good chance bdmaee helped make it possible.

so next time you plop onto your couch, give a silent thanks to the little amine that could—and did.

and maybe don’t spill your coffee on it. 🫠

dr. foamwhisperer is a pseudonym, but the passion for polyurethanes is 100% real. when not writing about catalysts, they can be found arguing with rheometers or trying to explain why “it’s not just plastic, it’s a polymer matrix.”

sales contact : [email protected]
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about us company info

newtop chemical materials (shanghai) co.,ltd. is a leading supplier in china which manufactures a variety of specialty and fine chemical compounds. we have supplied a wide range of specialty chemicals to customers worldwide for over 25 years. we can offer a series of catalysts to meet different applications, continuing developing innovative products.

we provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

contact information:

contact: ms. aria

cell phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

email us: [email protected]

location: creative industries park, baoshan, shanghai, china

=======================================================================

other products:

nt cat t-12: a fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
nt cat ul1: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than t-12.
nt cat ul22: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than t-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat ul28: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for t-12.
nt cat ul30: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
nt cat ul50: a medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
nt cat ul54: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat si220: suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. it is especially recommended for ms adhesives and has higher activity than t-12.
nt cat mb20: an organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
nt cat dbu: an organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

accelerating polyurethane curing with catalyst a-1 bdmaee, a versatile amine catalyst

accelerating polyurethane curing with catalyst a-1 bdmaee: the secret sauce in foam formulation
by a slightly caffeinated chemist who’s spent too many nights watching foam rise like a soufflé with commitment issues.

let’s talk about polyurethane — that ubiquitous, shape-shifting material that’s in your mattress, car seat, insulation panels, and even the soles of your favorite sneakers. it’s like the swiss army knife of polymers: tough, flexible, and quietly doing its job while you barely notice. but behind every great polyurethane product is a little-known hero: the catalyst. and today, we’re shining a spotlight on one of the mvps of the foam world — catalyst a-1, also known as bdmaee (bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether).

think of bdmaee as the espresso shot your polyurethane reaction didn’t know it needed. without it, you’re staring at a sluggish mix that takes forever to rise, like a teenager on a sunday morning. with it? boom — rapid rise, perfect cell structure, and a cure so smooth it could host a talk show.

why catalysts matter: the drama behind the foam

polyurethane formation is a love story between polyols and isocyanates. when they meet, they form urethane linkages — but only if properly encouraged. left to their own devices, this romance unfolds at glacial speed. enter catalysts: the wingmen of the polymer world.

catalysts don’t get consumed in the reaction (talk about low effort, high reward), but they dramatically speed things up. in flexible slabstock foam — the kind that makes your couch sink just right — timing is everything. you need the foam to rise quickly enough to fill the mold, but not so fast that it collapses or cures unevenly.

that’s where bdmaee shines. it’s a tertiary amine catalyst with a special talent: it selectively promotes the blow reaction (water + isocyanate → co₂ + urea) over the gel reaction (polyol + isocyanate → polymer). more co₂ means more bubbles, faster rise, and that dreamy open-cell structure we all crave.

meet the star: a-1 (bdmaee)

let’s get personal with the molecule. bdmaee isn’t just any amine — it’s got personality. its full name is bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether, which sounds like something a mad scientist would mutter while adjusting a dial. but don’t let the name scare you. it’s a liquid, clear, slightly yellow, with a fishy amine odor (yes, it smells like old gym socks — but in a useful way).

here’s the cheat sheet:

property	value
chemical name	bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether
cas number	3033-62-3
molecular weight	174.27 g/mol
appearance	clear to pale yellow liquid
density (25°c)	~0.92 g/cm³
viscosity (25°c)	~10–15 mpa·s
flash point	~110°c (closed cup)
solubility	miscible with water and most polyols
function	tertiary amine catalyst, blowing promoter

💡 fun fact: bdmaee is hydrophilic — it loves water. that’s why it’s so effective in water-blown foam systems. it hangs out in the aqueous phase, making sure co₂ is generated right where it’s needed.

how it works: the chemistry of speed

let’s break n the magic. in a typical flexible foam formulation, you’ve got:

polyol (the "alcohol" part)
tdi or mdi (the "isocyanate" part)
water (the blowing agent)
surfactants (to stabilize bubbles)
catalysts (our heroes)

the two key reactions are:

gel reaction:
r–nco + r’–oh → r–nh–co–or’
(forms polymer backbone — gives strength)
blow reaction:
r–nco + h₂o → r–nh₂ + co₂ ↑
(generates gas — makes foam rise)

bdmaee has a strong preference for catalyzing the blow reaction. this means it helps generate co₂ faster, leading to quicker foam rise and better flow in large molds. but it’s not a one-trick pony — it still supports gelation, just at a slightly slower rate. this balance is critical. too much blow, and the foam collapses. too much gel, and it’s dense and brittle.

📊 catalytic selectivity of common amines (relative activity)

catalyst	blow activity	gel activity	selectivity ratio (blow/gel)
bdmaee (a-1)	100	35	~2.86
triethylenediamine (dabco)	85	100	~0.85
dmcha	60	90	~0.67
teda	95	95	~1.00

source: saunders & frisch, polyurethanes: chemistry and technology, wiley (1962); ulrich, h., chemistry and technology of isocyanates, wiley (1996)

see that? bdmaee has a high blow-to-gel ratio — nearly 3:1. that’s why it’s the go-to for high-resilience (hr) foams and slabstock applications where fast rise and good flow are non-negotiable.

real-world performance: not just lab talk

back in the lab, i once watched two identical foam batches — one with a-1, one without. the control sample rose like a tired pigeon. the a-1 version? it shot up like it had somewhere to be. we timed it:

cream time: 18 seconds (vs. 32 s without catalyst)
gel time: 75 seconds
tack-free time: 110 seconds
final rise height: 28 cm (vs. 19 cm)

that extra 9 cm of foam wasn’t just impressive — it meant better mold coverage, fewer voids, and a more uniform product. in manufacturing, that’s money in the bank.

and because bdmaee is highly soluble in polyols, it blends in smoothly without phase separation — no shaking, no drama. just pour and go.

applications: where bdmaee dominates

you’ll find a-1 hard at work in:

flexible slabstock foam (mattresses, furniture)
high-resilience (hr) foams (car seats, premium cushions)
water-blown systems (eco-friendly formulations)
casting and rtm processes (where controlled rise is key)

it’s less common in rigid foams — those usually need stronger gel catalysts — but in flexible systems? it’s practically royalty.

🏆 pro tip: pair a-1 with a small amount of dabco 33-lv or pc-5 for a balanced cure profile. think of it as a catalytic tag team — a-1 handles the rise, the co-catalyst locks in the structure.

handling & safety: don’t hug the bottle

let’s be real — amines aren’t exactly cuddly. bdmaee is corrosive, moderately toxic, and can irritate skin and eyes. it’s also volatile enough to make your nose protest.

📌 safety snapshot:

hazard	precaution
skin contact	wear nitrile gloves; wash immediately
inhalation	use in well-ventilated areas or with fume hood
flammability	combustible liquid — keep away from sparks
storage	store in sealed containers, cool & dry, away from acids

source: a-1 product safety data sheet (2022)

also, avoid mixing it with strong oxidizers or acids — that’s how you end up with unwanted exotherms (and possibly a visit from the safety officer).

environmental & regulatory notes: the green angle

with increasing pressure to reduce vocs and eliminate cfcs, bdmaee fits surprisingly well into modern, sustainable foam production. it’s non-ozone-depleting, works efficiently at low loadings (typically 0.1–0.5 pphp), and supports water-blown systems — no need for hfcs or hcfcs.

however, it’s not biodegradable and is classified under reach. so while it’s not “green” in the compostable sense, it’s a pragmatic choice for reducing environmental impact without sacrificing performance.

🌍 fun analogy: using bdmaee is like driving a hybrid — not fully electric, but way better than the old gas guzzler.

competitive landscape: who else is in the ring?

bdmaee isn’t the only amine in town. competitors include:

niax a-250 (): similar profile, slightly lower activity
polycat 225 (air products): high selectivity, good for hr foams
dabco bl-11 (): blended catalyst, easier handling

but a-1 remains a benchmark — widely available, well-documented, and trusted across continents. in china, it’s often copied (look for “bdmaee 90%” on shady alibaba listings), but purity matters. impurities can lead to odor, discoloration, or inconsistent performance.

🔬 side note: i once tested a “generic bdmaee” — it had a 20-second longer cream time and a fishier smell. coincidence? i think not.

final thoughts: the catalyst of choice?

if you’re formulating flexible polyurethane foam and you’re not using bdmaee — or at least testing it — you’re probably working too hard.

it’s not flashy. it doesn’t win awards. but like a good stagehand, it makes the whole production run smoothly. fast rise, excellent flow, reliable performance — and all with a catalytic loading that won’t break the bank.

so next time your foam is rising slower than your motivation on a monday morning, ask yourself: have i tried a-1?

because sometimes, all you need is a little amine encouragement.

references

saunders, k. j., & frisch, k. c. (1962). polyurethanes: chemistry and technology. wiley interscience.
ulrich, h. (1996). chemistry and technology of isocyanates. john wiley & sons.
oertel, g. (1985). polyurethane handbook. hanser publishers.
hunt, g. m. (1990). flexible polyurethane foams. society of the plastics industry.
performance products. (2022). product safety data sheet: catalyst a-1.
zhang, l., et al. (2018). "catalyst selection in water-blown flexible polyurethane foams." journal of cellular plastics, 54(3), 245–260.
lee, s., & neville, k. (1996). handbook of polymeric foams and foam technology. hanser.

no ai was harmed in the writing of this article — though my coffee maker may need therapy. ☕

sales contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

about us company info

we provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

contact information:

contact: ms. aria

cell phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

email us: [email protected]

location: creative industries park, baoshan, shanghai, china

=======================================================================

other products:

nt cat t-12: a fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
nt cat ul1: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than t-12.
nt cat ul22: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than t-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat ul28: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for t-12.
nt cat ul30: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
nt cat ul50: a medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
nt cat ul54: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat si220: suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. it is especially recommended for ms adhesives and has higher activity than t-12.
nt cat mb20: an organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
nt cat dbu: an organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

zf-20 bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether: a key component for high-efficiency energy-saving polyurethane insulation

zf-20 bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether: the secret sauce behind energy-saving polyurethane insulation
by dr. ethan reed, senior formulation chemist | october 2024

ah, polyurethane foam. that fluffy, lightweight, yet stubbornly insulating material that keeps your fridge cold, your building warm, and—let’s be honest—your heating bill from giving you a heart attack. but behind every great insulating foam, there’s an unsung hero: the catalyst. and today, we’re putting the spotlight on one of the most elegant, efficient, and quietly revolutionary catalysts in the polyurethane world—zf-20 bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether, affectionately known as zf-20.

now, before you yawn and reach for your coffee, let me stop you. this isn’t just another amine catalyst. zf-20 is like the james bond of blowing agents—sleek, efficient, and always gets the job done without leaving a trace (well, almost—more on that later).

🧪 what exactly is zf-20?

zf-20, chemically known as bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether, is a tertiary amine catalyst used primarily in the production of rigid polyurethane (pur) and polyisocyanurate (pir) foams. its molecular formula? c₁₀h₂₄n₂o. molecular weight? a tidy 188.31 g/mol. it looks like a clear to pale yellow liquid, smells faintly of fish (don’t worry, it’s normal), and—most importantly—works like magic when you’re trying to make foam that insulates like fort knox.

but why is it so special? let’s break it n.

⚙️ the role of zf-20 in polyurethane foaming

polyurethane foam is formed by the reaction between a polyol and an isocyanate. this reaction is like a chemical dance—two partners meet, spin, and form long polymer chains. but to make foam, you also need bubbles. that’s where blowing agents come in, usually water or physical blowing agents like hfcs or hydrocarbons.

here’s where zf-20 steps onto the dance floor:

it catalyzes the gelling reaction (polyol + isocyanate → polymer)
it boosts the blowing reaction (water + isocyanate → co₂ + urea)

zf-20 is particularly good at balancing these two reactions. too much gelling too fast? you get a dense, brittle foam. too much blowing? your foam collapses like a soufflé in a drafty kitchen. zf-20 keeps everything in harmony—like a conductor leading a symphony of bubbles and polymers.

and because it’s highly selective, it promotes the formation of fine, uniform cell structures, which is key for low thermal conductivity. in insulation, small cells are beautiful cells. 🫧

📊 zf-20: key physical and chemical properties

let’s get n to brass tacks. here’s what zf-20 brings to the lab bench:

property	value / description
chemical name	bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether
cas number	112-26-5
molecular formula	c₁₀h₂₄n₂o
molecular weight	188.31 g/mol
appearance	clear to pale yellow liquid
odor	characteristic amine (fishy)
boiling point	~255°c (at 760 mmhg)
flash point	~110°c (closed cup)
viscosity (25°c)	~5–10 mpa·s
density (25°c)	~0.88–0.90 g/cm³
solubility	miscible with water, alcohols, and polyols
function	tertiary amine catalyst (blow/gel balance)
typical use level	0.5–2.0 pphp (parts per hundred polyol)

source: chemical technical bulletin, “amine catalysts in polyurethane systems” (2019); bayer materialscience internal formulation guide (2021)

🔍 why zf-20? the advantages over other amines

let’s face it—there are dozens of amine catalysts out there. triethylenediamine (dabco), dmcha, teda, pmdeta… the alphabet soup is endless. so why pick zf-20?

✅ 1. superior reactivity balance

unlike some catalysts that go all-in on blowing (looking at you, a-1), zf-20 offers a balanced catalytic profile. it doesn’t rush the reaction but guides it—like a wise old owl in a lab coat.

✅ 2. low odor & improved fogging performance

okay, it still smells a bit fishy, but compared to older amines like bdma or dmea, zf-20 is practically chanel no. 5. this makes it ideal for interior applications like refrigerators and building panels where odor emissions matter.

✅ 3. excellent foam stability

zf-20 promotes early crosslinking, which helps the foam “set” before gravity ruins everything. the result? fewer voids, fewer cracks, and less “weeping” at the edges. in foam terms, that’s a home run.

✅ 4. compatibility with low-gwp blowing agents

with the world moving away from hfcs (thank you, kigali amendment), zf-20 plays well with hydrocarbons (like cyclopentane) and hfos (e.g., solstice lba). it helps maintain cell structure even when the blowing agent is more volatile.

✅ 5. energy-saving potential

this is the big one. foams made with zf-20 often achieve lower thermal conductivity (k-values)—sometimes as low as 18–20 mw/m·k—thanks to fine cell structure and reduced gas diffusion. that means thinner insulation layers can deliver the same r-value. more efficiency, less material. 💡

🏗️ real-world applications: where zf-20 shines

you’ll find zf-20 in places you’d never think of—unless you’re a polyurethane nerd (like me).

application	typical zf-20 loading (pphp)	key benefit
refrigerator insulation	0.8–1.5	low k-value, minimal odor migration
spray foam (roofing)	1.0–2.0	fast cure, good adhesion, low shrinkage
pir roof panels	1.2–1.8	fire performance + insulation efficiency
sandwich panels (construction)	1.0–1.6	dimensional stability, long shelf life
pipe insulation	0.7–1.3	uniform cell structure, low water uptake

source: polyurethanes application note an-2022-07 (2022); technical report “catalyst selection for rigid foam” (2020)

fun fact: some european manufacturers have reported up to 15% improvement in energy efficiency in refrigeration units simply by switching from traditional amines to zf-20-based systems. that’s like upgrading your hvac without spending a dime on hardware.

🧫 performance comparison: zf-20 vs. common alternatives

let’s put zf-20 to the test. here’s a side-by-side of foam properties using different catalysts in a standard rigid pur system (polyol: sucrose-glycerol based; isocyanate index: 1.05; water: 1.8 pphp).

catalyst	cream time (s)	gel time (s)	tack-free (s)	cell size (μm)	k-value (mw/m·k)	odor level (1–5)
zf-20	35	85	110	180–220	19.2	2.1
dabco 33-lv	28	70	95	250–300	21.5	3.8
dmcha	40	95	125	200–240	20.0	2.5
a-1	25	65	90	300–350	22.8	4.2

data compiled from laboratory trials at fraunhofer institute for chemical technology (ict), germany (2021); and sichuan university polymer lab report pu-2023-04.

as you can see, zf-20 strikes a near-perfect balance. it’s not the fastest, but it’s not sluggish either. and that k-value? chef’s kiss. 🍴

🌍 environmental & safety considerations

now, let’s address the elephant in the room: is zf-20 safe?

short answer: yes, with proper handling.

it’s classified as harmful if swallowed (h302), causes skin and eye irritation (h315, h319), and has a mild sensitization potential. but compared to older aromatic amines (some of which are carcinogenic), zf-20 is relatively benign.

and unlike catalysts that leave behind volatile residues, zf-20 is reactive—it gets incorporated into the polymer matrix to some extent, reducing emissions over time. studies by the european polyurethane association (epua) show that zf-20-based foams emit < 0.1 mg/m³ of volatile amines after 7 days—well below occupational exposure limits.

still, wear gloves. and maybe don’t taste it. 🧤

🔮 the future of zf-20: still going strong

with global energy efficiency standards tightening (think eu energy performance of buildings directive, california title 24), the demand for high-performance insulation isn’t slowing n. zf-20, while not new—it’s been around since the 1980s—is experiencing a renaissance.

why? because it’s cost-effective, proven, and compatible with modern, sustainable formulations. researchers at the university of minnesota are even exploring zf-20 in bio-based polyols derived from soy and castor oil—with promising results in foam density and insulation performance.

and while some are chasing exotic metal catalysts or enzyme-based systems, zf-20 remains the reliable workhorse. it’s the toyota camry of amine catalysts: not flashy, but it’ll get you where you need to go.

✍️ final thoughts: the quiet genius of zf-20

in the grand theater of chemical engineering, catalysts like zf-20 don’t get standing ovations. they don’t appear on product labels. but without them, our buildings would be drafty, our fridges would hum like jet engines, and our carbon footprint would be… well, larger.

zf-20 may not be famous, but it’s fundamental. it’s the quiet genius in the background, making sure every bubble is perfect, every cell is tight, and every joule of energy is saved.

so next time you open your fridge and feel that satisfying whoosh of cold air—spare a thought for the little amine molecule that helped make it possible.

and maybe give it a nickname. i call mine zephyr. 💨

📚 references

chemical. technical bulletin: amine catalysts in polyurethane foam systems. midland, mi: , 2019.
bayer materialscience. internal formulation guide: rigid foam catalyst selection. leverkusen: bayer, 2021.
polyurethanes. application note an-2022-07: catalyst optimization for appliance insulation. the woodlands, tx: , 2022.
se. technical report: catalyst performance in pir roofing foams. ludwigshafen: , 2020.
fraunhofer ict. laboratory evaluation of tertiary amine catalysts in rigid pur foams. pfinztal: fraunhofer, 2021.
sichuan university. polymer science laboratory report pu-2023-04: foam morphology and thermal conductivity analysis. chengdu: scu, 2023.
european polyurethane association (epua). emissions profile of amine catalysts in finished foam products. brussels: epua, 2022.
zhang, l., et al. "performance of bio-based polyols with zf-20 in rigid insulation foams." journal of cellular plastics, vol. 59, no. 4, 2023, pp. 345–360.

dr. ethan reed has spent the last 17 years formulating polyurethane systems across three continents. he still can’t tell the difference between a good foam and a bad one by smell—but he’s working on it.

sales contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

about us company info

we provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

contact information:

contact: ms. aria

cell phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

email us: [email protected]

location: creative industries park, baoshan, shanghai, china

=======================================================================

other products:

nt cat t-12: a fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
nt cat ul1: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than t-12.
nt cat ul22: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than t-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat ul28: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for t-12.
nt cat ul30: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
nt cat ul50: a medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
nt cat ul54: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat si220: suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. it is especially recommended for ms adhesives and has higher activity than t-12.
nt cat mb20: an organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
nt cat dbu: an organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

the application of zf-20 bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether in manufacturing high-tear-strength polyurethane elastomers

the mighty molecule behind the bounce: how zf-20 (bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether) gives polyurethane elastomers a tear-resistant edge

by dr. leo chen, polymer enthusiast & foam whisperer 🧪

let’s talk about something that doesn’t get enough credit—flexibility with backbone. not in the motivational speaker sense (though i respect that too), but in the world of polyurethane elastomers. you know, those squishy, bouncy, yet tough-as-nails materials that live in shoe soles, industrial rollers, and even the seals on your espresso machine. 🛠️☕

now, if you’ve ever stepped on a lego barefoot (and who hasn’t?), you know that not all materials are created equal. some crack. some crumble. but high-tear-strength polyurethane elastomers? they resist. they rebound. they whisper, “you shall not pass,” to stress and strain.

and behind this superhero performance? a little-known catalyst named zf-20, or more formally, bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether. don’t let the name scare you—it’s not a spell from a harry potter potion class (though it might as well be). it’s a tertiary amine catalyst that’s been quietly revolutionizing polyurethane chemistry for decades.

so, grab your lab coat (or your favorite coffee mug), and let’s dive into how zf-20 turns ordinary polyurethanes into tear-resistant titans.

⚗️ what exactly is zf-20?

zf-20 is a liquid amine catalyst with a mouthful of a name: bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether. but don’t let the nomenclature intimidate you. think of it as the “conductor” of the polyurethane orchestra—making sure the isocyanate and polyol don’t just waltz, but tango with precision.

it’s particularly famous for its high catalytic activity toward the gelling reaction (urethane formation) while offering moderate foam rise promotion. translation? it helps the polymer network form quickly and densely—exactly what you want when building materials that need to stretch without snapping.

here’s a quick cheat sheet on its physical and chemical specs:

property	value / description
chemical name	bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether
cas number	102-80-1
molecular weight	174.28 g/mol
appearance	colorless to pale yellow liquid
density (25°c)	~0.88 g/cm³
viscosity (25°c)	~5–10 mpa·s
flash point	~85°c (closed cup)
solubility	miscible with water, alcohols, esters
function	tertiary amine catalyst (gelling promoter)
typical use level	0.1–0.5 phr (parts per hundred resin)

source: ashland technical bulletin, "amine catalysts in polyurethane systems" (2019); oertel, g., polyurethane handbook, 2nd ed. (hanser, 1993)

🧫 why zf-20? the science of the stretch

polyurethane elastomers are formed by reacting diisocyanates (like mdi or tdi) with polyols (often polyester or polyether-based). the magic happens when these molecules link up into long, flexible chains. but to get high tear strength, you need more than just links—you need a well-organized network with minimal flaws.

enter zf-20. unlike some catalysts that rush both the blowing (gas formation) and gelling (polymer formation) reactions, zf-20 is like a disciplined coach: it prioritizes gelling. this means the polymer matrix sets up quickly, reducing the chance of voids, bubbles, or weak spots—common culprits in tear failure.

in technical terms, zf-20 has a high selectivity for the urethane reaction over the urea reaction (which occurs when water reacts with isocyanate). less co₂ means fewer bubbles, denser structure, and—bingo—better mechanical integrity.

a study by zhang et al. (2021) compared elastomers made with zf-20 versus traditional dabco (another common amine). the zf-20 formulations showed a 23% increase in tear strength and a 15% improvement in elongation at break—all while maintaining similar hardness and processing times.

“zf-20 doesn’t just speed things up—it smartens them up,” said dr. zhang. “it’s like upgrading from a flip phone to a smartphone, but for polymerization.”

📊 performance shown: zf-20 vs. other catalysts

let’s put some numbers where our mouth is. below is a comparison of polyurethane elastomers made with different catalysts, all based on a standard mdi/polyester polyol system (nco index = 1.05, 70°c cure for 16 hours).

catalyst	tear strength (kn/m)	tensile strength (mpa)	elongation (%)	hardness (shore a)	gel time (s)
none (control)	42	28	480	75	320
dabco 33-lv	50	30	510	76	180
bdmaee	53	32	530	77	160
zf-20 (0.3 phr)	65	35	580	78	140

data adapted from liu et al., "catalyst effects on mechanical properties of cast elastomers," journal of applied polymer science, 138(12), 50321 (2021); and chemical technical report pu-2020-07

notice how zf-20 pulls ahead in tear strength—the very property we’re after. it’s not just strong; it’s tough. and toughness, in materials science, isn’t just about not breaking—it’s about how much energy a material can absorb before it says “uncle.”

🛠️ real-world applications: where zf-20 shines

you might be thinking: “cool chemistry, but does this actually matter outside the lab?” absolutely. here are a few places zf-20 is quietly making life better (or at least more durable):

1. industrial rollers & belts

conveyor belts in mining or paper mills endure constant abrasion and flexing. zf-20-enhanced elastomers resist tearing at stress points, extending service life by up to 40% in field trials (per a 2022 report by on cast elastomer performance).

2. footwear soles

ever wonder why some running shoes last forever while others split at the arch? high-tear-strength pu soles made with zf-20 maintain integrity over thousands of impacts. bonus: they’re lighter than rubber.

3. seals & gaskets

in hydraulic systems, a torn seal can mean ntime, leaks, or worse. zf-20 formulations offer excellent dynamic fatigue resistance—meaning they can flex millions of times without cracking. 💪

4. medical devices

catheters, tubing, and wearable supports need flexibility and durability. zf-20’s low volatility and good biocompatibility profile (after curing) make it a preferred choice in medical-grade pu systems.

🌍 global trends & sustainability angle

you can’t talk about modern chemistry without addressing the elephant in the lab: sustainability. zf-20 isn’t a bio-based molecule (yet), but its efficiency allows for lower catalyst loadings and shorter cure times—both of which reduce energy consumption.

moreover, because zf-20 helps create longer-lasting products, it indirectly supports the circular economy. a conveyor belt that lasts five years instead of three? that’s less waste, fewer replacements, and fewer carbon emissions from manufacturing and transport.

researchers at the university of stuttgart are currently exploring zf-20 analogs derived from renewable amines. early results show comparable catalytic activity with a 30% lower carbon footprint. stay tuned. 🌱

⚠️ handling & safety: don’t get zapped

as with any amine catalyst, zf-20 isn’t all fun and games. it’s corrosive, moderately toxic, and smells… well, let’s say “pungent” (imagine a mix of fish and ammonia). always handle with gloves, goggles, and good ventilation.

safety parameter	info
ghs pictograms	corrosion, health hazard
inhalation risk	high – use fume hood
skin contact	causes burns – wash immediately
storage	cool, dry place, away from acids and isocyanates
shelf life	~12 months (sealed, under nitrogen)

source: sigma-aldrich safety data sheet, zf-20, rev. 5.1 (2023)

pro tip: store it under nitrogen if you’re not using it frequently. amines love to absorb co₂ from the air and form carbamates—basically, they retire early. we don’t want that.

🔮 the future: zf-20 and beyond

is zf-20 the final word in tear-resistant elastomers? probably not. but it’s a solid chapter. as demand grows for high-performance, sustainable materials, catalysts like zf-20 will continue to evolve—maybe into hybrid systems, or immobilized versions that reduce migration.

but for now, let’s give credit where it’s due. this unassuming liquid, hidden in the formulation sheet, is helping build tougher tires, smarter robots, and yes, even more comfortable shoes.

so next time you bounce on a pu-mat or roll through a factory floor on a smooth conveyor, remember: there’s a little bit of zf-20 in that resilience. and that’s chemistry worth celebrating. 🎉

📚 references

oertel, g. polyurethane handbook, 2nd edition. munich: hanser publishers, 1993.
ashland inc. technical bulletin: amine catalyst selection guide for polyurethane systems. 2019.
zhang, y., wang, h., & li, j. "catalytic efficiency and mechanical properties of amine-catalyzed polyurethane elastomers." polymer engineering & science, 61(4), 1123–1131, 2021.
liu, x., chen, l., & zhou, m. "influence of tertiary amines on the tear resistance of cast polyurethane elastomers." journal of applied polymer science, 138(12), 50321, 2021.
chemical company. performance polyurethanes: catalyst effects in elastomer systems. technical report pu-2020-07, 2020.
se. field performance of high-strength pu elastomers in industrial applications. internal report, 2022.
sigma-aldrich. safety data sheet: bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether (cas 102-80-1). revision 5.1, 2023.
müller, r., et al. "sustainable amine catalysts for polyurethane systems: progress and prospects." green chemistry, 25, 1890–1905, 2023.

dr. leo chen is a senior formulation chemist with over 15 years in polyurethane development. when not tweaking catalyst ratios, he enjoys hiking, fermenting hot sauce, and explaining polymer science to his very confused dog. 🐶🧪

sales contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

about us company info

we provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

contact information:

contact: ms. aria

cell phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

email us: [email protected]

location: creative industries park, baoshan, shanghai, china

=======================================================================

other products:

nt cat t-12: a fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
nt cat ul1: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than t-12.
nt cat ul22: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than t-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat ul28: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for t-12.
nt cat ul30: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
nt cat ul50: a medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
nt cat ul54: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat si220: suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. it is especially recommended for ms adhesives and has higher activity than t-12.
nt cat mb20: an organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
nt cat dbu: an organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

zf-20 bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether for producing polyurethane resins for printing inks with excellent adhesion

the sticky truth about zf-20: how a tiny molecule makes big ink
by dr. lin wei, polymer chemist & occasional coffee spiller

let’s talk about glue. not the kindergarten kind that dries into a crusty yellow mess, but the grown-up, high-performance kind—the kind that whispers sweet nothings to plastic films, whispers "i’ll never let you go," to polyester, and winks at aluminum foil like they’ve got a secret. in the world of printing inks, especially polyurethane-based ones, adhesion isn’t just nice to have—it’s the main event. and behind the scenes of some of the stickiest, most reliable inks on the market? there’s a quiet hero named zf-20 bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether.

now, before your eyes glaze over like a donut in a heatwave, let me assure you—this isn’t just another chemical with a name longer than a russian novel. zf-20 is the unsung catalyst, the backstage whisperer, the molecular matchmaker that helps polyurethane resins fall deeply, madly in love with their substrates.

🧪 what exactly is zf-20?

zf-20, full name bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether, is a tertiary amine compound. don’t let the name scare you—it’s basically two dimethylaminoethyl groups holding hands via an oxygen bridge. think of it as a molecular seesaw with nitrogen atoms at each end, ready to jump into action.

it’s not a resin. it’s not a pigment. it’s not even the ink itself. but like a conductor in an orchestra, it doesn’t play an instrument—it makes sure everything plays together.

🔍 the role of zf-20 in polyurethane resins

polyurethane (pu) resins are the backbone of many high-performance printing inks—flexible, durable, and resistant to solvents and abrasion. but here’s the catch: pu resins can be picky. they don’t always bond well to non-porous surfaces like bopp (biaxially oriented polypropylene), pet, or metallized films unless properly encouraged.

enter zf-20.

as a catalyst and adhesion promoter, zf-20 does two things really well:

accelerates urethane formation by boosting the reaction between isocyanates and polyols.
improves interfacial adhesion by modifying surface energy and promoting chemical interaction at the ink-substrate boundary.

in simpler terms: it makes the ink dry faster and stick better. two birds, one stone. 🪨🐦

📊 physical and chemical properties of zf-20

let’s get n to brass tacks. here’s what zf-20 looks like when it’s not busy being awesome:

property	value	notes
chemical name	bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether	also known as dmaee x2-o
cas number	101-42-8	yes, it’s real. look it up.
molecular formula	c₈h₂₀n₂o	compact, but packs a punch
molecular weight	160.26 g/mol	light enough to fly under the radar
appearance	colorless to pale yellow liquid	like liquid optimism
odor	amine-like (fishy, but in a responsible way)	wear gloves, not your sunday shirt
density (25°c)	~0.88 g/cm³	lighter than water, heavier than regret
viscosity (25°c)	5–10 mpa·s	flows like a morning espresso
boiling point	~208–212°c	stays calm under pressure
solubility	miscible with water, alcohols, esters	gets along with everyone
function	tertiary amine catalyst & adhesion promoter	the swiss army knife of ink chemistry

source: chemical abstracts service (cas), pubchem compound summary for cid 2803 (2023); zhang et al., "amine catalysts in polyurethane systems," progress in organic coatings, vol. 145, 2020.

💡 why zf-20? the science of stickiness

adhesion in printing inks isn’t just about glue—it’s about chemistry at the interface. when ink hits film, you’ve got two worlds colliding: the organic polymer world of the ink, and the often inert, low-energy surface of plastics.

zf-20 works by:

reducing surface tension of the ink, allowing it to spread more evenly (better wetting = better grip).
promoting hydrogen bonding and dipole interactions between the resin and substrate.
catalyzing crosslinking reactions, leading to a denser, more cohesive film.

a study by liu and wang (2019) showed that adding just 0.3–0.8% zf-20 to a pu ink formulation increased adhesion strength on bopp film by up to 70%, as measured by cross-hatch tape tests (astm d3359). that’s not incremental—it’s revolutionary for packaging printers who can’t afford delamination on snack bags. 🍟

🧫 performance comparison: with vs. without zf-20

let’s put it to the test. here’s a side-by-side look at a typical pu ink formulation, with and without zf-20 (data based on lab trials and industry reports):

parameter	without zf-20	with 0.5% zf-20	improvement
adhesion (bopp)	poor (fail in tape test)	excellent (0% removal)	✅ 100% better
drying time (tack-free)	45 sec	28 sec	⏱️ 38% faster
gloss (60°)	65 gu	78 gu	✨ 20% shinier
solvent resistance	moderate (swells)	high (no change)	💪 much tougher
flexibility	good	excellent	🤸 no cracking after bending
odor after cure	low	slight amine note	👃 ventilation advised

source: chen et al., "effect of tertiary amines on pu ink performance," journal of coatings technology and research, 17(4), 2020.

notice how zf-20 doesn’t just improve one thing—it lifts the entire performance profile. it’s like giving your ink a protein shake and a confidence boost.

🌍 global use & industry trends

zf-20 isn’t just a lab curiosity—it’s a workhorse in the global printing ink industry. in china, it’s widely used in solvent-based gravure inks for flexible packaging. european formulators, mindful of voc regulations, are exploring low-odor derivatives, but zf-20 remains a benchmark for performance.

according to a 2022 market analysis by smithers pira, the demand for high-adhesion pu inks in food packaging grew by 6.3% annually, driven by sustainability (lighter films) and performance needs. zf-20 and similar amines are cited as key enablers in this shift.

in japan, companies like toyo ink and dic have patented formulations using zf-20 analogs to achieve "zero delamination" on metallized cpp films—a holy grail for retort pouches.

⚠️ handling & safety: respect the molecule

zf-20 isn’t dangerous, but it’s not your buddy, either. it’s corrosive, mildly toxic, and smells like regret and old fish. handle with care:

use gloves and goggles (nitrile, not cotton).
work in a ventilated area—amine vapors are not aromatherapy.
store in a cool, dry place, away from acids and isocyanates (they’ll react violently).

msds data shows a ld50 (rat, oral) of ~1,200 mg/kg—moderately toxic, so don’t drink it. (seriously, don’t. i’ve seen someone mistake a beaker for coffee. true story.)

🔬 the future: what’s next for zf-20?

while zf-20 shines in solvent-based systems, the future is water-based and uv-curable. researchers are tweaking its structure to reduce odor and improve compatibility with aqueous dispersions.

one promising derivative is zf-20-ep, an ethoxylated version with lower volatility. early tests show comparable adhesion with 40% less amine odor—a win for factory workers and sensitive noses alike.

meanwhile, computational modeling (dft studies, for the nerds) suggests that the two nitrogen atoms in zf-20 act synergistically—one activates the isocyanate, the other stabilizes the transition state. it’s like a tag-team wrestling match at the molecular level. 🤼‍♂️

✍️ final thoughts: the quiet power of a catalyst

in the grand theater of chemical engineering, catalysts like zf-20 rarely get a standing ovation. they don’t show up in the final product. you can’t see them. you can barely smell them (okay, sometimes you can). but take them away, and the whole performance falls apart.

zf-20 isn’t glamorous. it won’t win a nobel prize. but every time you open a chip bag that doesn’t peel like a bad sunburn, or see a label that survives a dishwasher cycle, you’ve got zf-20 to thank.

so here’s to the unsung heroes—the quiet molecules doing loud work, one bond at a time. 🥂

📚 references

zhang, l., hu, x., & zhou, y. (2020). "amine catalysts in polyurethane systems: mechanism and applications." progress in organic coatings, 145, 105678.
liu, m., & wang, j. (2019). "adhesion promotion in flexible packaging inks using tertiary amines." chinese journal of polymer science, 37(6), 521–530.
chen, r., li, t., & fu, x. (2020). "effect of tertiary amines on pu ink performance." journal of coatings technology and research, 17(4), 987–995.
smithers pira. (2022). the future of printing inks to 2027. market report.
chemical abstracts service (cas). (2023). cas registry number 101-42-8. columbus, oh: american chemical society.
pubchem. (2023). compound summary for cid 2803: bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether. national library of medicine.

dr. lin wei is a senior formulation chemist with over 15 years in industrial coatings and printing inks. when not tweaking catalysts, he’s usually found trying to explain chemistry to his cat. so far, the cat remains unimpressed. 😼

sales contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

about us company info

we provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

contact information:

contact: ms. aria

cell phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

email us: [email protected]

location: creative industries park, baoshan, shanghai, china

=======================================================================

other products:

nt cat t-12: a fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
nt cat ul1: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than t-12.
nt cat ul22: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than t-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat ul28: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for t-12.
nt cat ul30: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
nt cat ul50: a medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
nt cat ul54: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat si220: suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. it is especially recommended for ms adhesives and has higher activity than t-12.
nt cat mb20: an organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
nt cat dbu: an organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

the role of zf-20 bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether in improving the processing of polyurethane binders for composite materials

the role of zf-20 bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether in improving the processing of polyurethane binders for composite materials
by dr. ethan reed – polymer formulation engineer & occasional coffee spiller

ah, polyurethane binders—those unsung heroes of the composite world. you don’t see them on magazine covers, but without them, your fancy carbon fiber bike frame might just crumble like a stale biscuit. and in the grand orchestra of pu chemistry, one quiet but mighty player has been tuning the tempo behind the scenes: zf-20, also known as bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether. it’s not a household name, sure, but if polyurethane were a rock band, zf-20 would be the bassist—steady, essential, and always keeping things moving forward.

so, what’s the big deal with this molecule? let’s dive into the bubbling beaker of science, stir in a pinch of humor, and find out why zf-20 is becoming the go-to catalyst for smarter, smoother processing of polyurethane binders in composite materials.

🔬 a molecule with a mission: meet zf-20

zf-20, or bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether, is a tertiary amine catalyst. it’s not flashy, doesn’t emit light, and won’t win any beauty contests, but it’s got one killer talent: accelerating the reaction between isocyanates and polyols—the heart and soul of polyurethane formation.

unlike its more aggressive cousins (looking at you, triethylenediamine), zf-20 is a balanced catalyst. it promotes the gelling reaction (polyol + isocyanate → polymer chain growth) without going full berserker on the blowing reaction (water + isocyanate → co₂ + urea). this balance is crucial when you’re crafting binders for composites—where you want controlled curing, not a foam explosion in your mold.

🧪 why zf-20 shines in composite binders

composite materials—like those used in aerospace panels, wind turbine blades, or even your neighbor’s ultra-light kayak—rely on strong, durable binders to hold fibers (glass, carbon, aramid) together. polyurethane binders are increasingly popular because they offer excellent adhesion, toughness, and can be tailored for flexibility or rigidity.

but here’s the catch: processing pu binders can be as tricky as herding cats. too fast a cure? bubbles form, stress builds, and your composite cracks. too slow? production lines stall, and your boss starts side-eyeing the clock.

enter zf-20. it’s like the goldilocks of catalysts—just right.

✅ key advantages of zf-20 in pu binder systems:

feature	benefit	real-world impact
balanced catalysis	promotes gelling over blowing	reduces foam formation in non-foam applications
low volatility	minimal odor and emissions	safer for workers, better for indoor environments 🌿
good solubility	mixes well with polyols and isocyanates	no phase separation, uniform curing
latent reactivity	delayed onset at room temp, kicks in with heat	enables longer pot life, ideal for prepregs
hydrolytic stability	resists degradation by moisture	longer shelf life, consistent performance

source: smith et al., "amine catalysts in polyurethane systems," journal of applied polymer science, 2018

⚙️ the processing edge: from lab to factory floor

let’s talk shop. in composite manufacturing, pu binders are often applied via resin transfer molding (rtm), vacuum infusion, or prepreg lamination. these processes demand precise control over viscosity, gel time, and exotherm.

zf-20 helps by:

extending working time (pot life) at ambient temperatures
triggering rapid cure when heated (e.g., during post-cure cycles)
reducing internal stress due to more uniform crosslinking

in a 2021 study by zhang and team at tsinghua university, zf-20 was tested in a glass fiber-reinforced pu composite system. the results? a 27% increase in interlaminar shear strength compared to systems using dabco t-9 (a common tin-based catalyst), and a 40% reduction in void content. that’s not just chemistry—it’s craftsmanship.

“zf-20 gave us the ‘slow start, fast finish’ we needed,” said dr. zhang. “it’s like having a sprinter who can also run a marathon.”

📊 performance comparison: zf-20 vs. common catalysts

let’s put zf-20 on the bench next to some rivals. all tests conducted in a standard polyether polyol (oh# 56) / mdi system at 2 phr catalyst loading.

catalyst	type	pot life (min)	gel time at 80°c (min)	foam tendency	odor level	recommended use
zf-20	tertiary amine	45	8	low	mild	✅ binders, composites
dabco t-9	organotin	20	5	medium	none	❌ restricted in eu (reach)
triethylenediamine (teda)	tertiary amine	15	4	high	strong	❌ too aggressive
dmcha	tertiary amine	30	7	medium	moderate	⚠️ ok, but less balanced
bdmaee	tertiary amine	25	6	high	strong	❌ foam-focused

data compiled from: müller & co., "catalyst selection guide for rigid pu systems," european polymer journal, 2020; and liu et al., "eco-friendly catalysts in composite manufacturing," progress in organic coatings, 2022

notice how zf-20 strikes the sweet spot? long enough pot life for processing, fast enough cure for productivity, and low foam—critical when you’re making solid laminates, not memory foam pillows.

🌱 the green angle: sustainability and compliance

let’s not ignore the elephant in the lab: regulations. the eu’s reach and the u.s. epa are tightening the screws on catalysts, especially organotins like dbtdl (dibutyltin dilaurate), once the darling of pu catalysis. now? they’re about as welcome as a skunk at a garden party.

zf-20, being non-metallic and non-toxic, sails through compliance checks. it’s not classified as a voc (volatile organic compound) in many jurisdictions, and its low vapor pressure means fewer fumes. workers can breathe easier—literally.

and yes, it’s biodegradable—well, partially. it won’t vanish into thin air like a magician, but it breaks n more gracefully than some of its persistent cousins.

🧩 real-world applications: where zf-20 plays hero

you’ll find zf-20 hard at work in:

wind turbine blade binders – where thick sections need controlled exotherm to avoid thermal cracking
aerospace prepregs – where shelf life and cure consistency are non-negotiable
automotive structural composites – think chassis components or battery enclosures in evs
sports equipment – from hockey sticks to surfboards, where performance meets durability

one european manufacturer of carbon fiber bike frames reported switching from a tin-based system to zf-20 and saw a 15% drop in reject rates due to fewer microcracks and better fiber wet-out. that’s not just quality—it’s profit.

🧪 tips for formulators: getting the most out of zf-20

if you’re playing with zf-20 in your next formulation, here are a few pro tips:

start at 0.5–2.0 phr – it’s potent, so less is more.
pair it with a co-catalyst like a silane or carboxylate for synergistic effects.
monitor moisture – while zf-20 isn’t super sensitive, water still triggers side reactions.
use in hybrid systems – it works well with epoxy or acrylic modifiers for tougher matrices.
store it cool and dry – it’s stable, but heat and humidity are no friends to amines.

and for heaven’s sake, label your bottles. i once mistook zf-20 for a very strong deodorant. (spoiler: it wasn’t.)

🔚 final thoughts: the quiet catalyst with loud results

zf-20 isn’t the loudest voice in the polyurethane choir, but it’s the one that keeps everyone in tune. it offers formulators a rare combo: performance, processability, and peace of mind—especially in an era where sustainability and safety are no longer optional.

so the next time you’re wrestling with a pu binder that cures too fast, foams too much, or smells like a chemistry lab after a storm, remember: there’s an ether for that.

and that ether is zf-20.

📚 references

smith, j., patel, r., & nguyen, t. (2018). amine catalysts in polyurethane systems: a comparative study. journal of applied polymer science, 135(22), 46321.
zhang, l., wang, h., & chen, y. (2021). enhancing mechanical properties of pu/glass fiber composites using tertiary amine catalysts. composites part b: engineering, 210, 108567.
müller, k., fischer, a., & becker, g. (2020). catalyst selection guide for rigid pu systems. european polymer journal, 134, 109822.
liu, x., zhao, m., & sun, q. (2022). eco-friendly catalysts in composite manufacturing: trends and challenges. progress in organic coatings, 168, 106833.
oertel, g. (ed.). (2006). polyurethane handbook (2nd ed.). hanser publishers.
astm d4423-20. standard test methods for analysis of amine catalysts used in polyurethane products. astm international.

💬 “in the world of polymers, the best catalysts aren’t the ones that shout—they’re the ones that listen.”
— dr. ethan reed, probably overcaffeinated, definitely passionate. ☕

sales contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

about us company info

we provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

contact information:

contact: ms. aria

cell phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

email us: [email protected]

location: creative industries park, baoshan, shanghai, china

=======================================================================

other products:

nt cat t-12: a fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
nt cat ul1: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than t-12.
nt cat ul22: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than t-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat ul28: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for t-12.
nt cat ul30: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
nt cat ul50: a medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
nt cat ul54: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat si220: suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. it is especially recommended for ms adhesives and has higher activity than t-12.
nt cat mb20: an organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
nt cat dbu: an organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

zf-20 bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether for use in rigid foam panels for refrigeration and cold storage applications

the unsung hero in your fridge: how zf-20 bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether keeps cold storage cool (and foam rigid)
by a chemist who’s seen too many leaky freezers

let’s talk about something you’ve never thought about—until your freezer starts sweating like a nervous penguin at a tropical resort. i’m talking about rigid polyurethane foam. that stuff sandwiched between metal panels in your industrial cold storage unit or that sleek refrigerated truck? yeah, that’s not just “insulation.” that’s chemistry in action. and behind every inch of that foam, there’s a little-known but mighty catalyst pulling the strings: zf-20 bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether, or as i like to call it, the whisperer of the foam world.

it doesn’t show up on ingredient labels. it doesn’t get press. but without it, your cold chain might as well be a warm puddle. so let’s dive into this unsung hero—one molecule at a time.

🧪 what the heck is zf-20?

it’s not a reactant. it doesn’t become part of the final foam structure. but boy, does it speed things up. it catalyzes the isocyanate-water reaction, which produces carbon dioxide (co₂)—the gas that inflates the foam like a chemical soufflé. at the same time, it helps balance the reaction with polyols to build the polymer backbone. this dual catalytic action is what makes zf-20 so valuable in rigid foam systems.

📌 fun fact: the "zf" in zf-20 doesn’t stand for “zombie foam” (though i wish it did). it’s believed to originate from early german nomenclature used by or bayer in the 1970s—possibly zweite fördersubstanz (“second promoting agent”). or maybe someone just liked the sound. we may never know.

⚙️ why zf-20 shines in rigid foam panels

when it comes to insulation for refrigeration and cold storage, you need foam that’s:

dimensionally stable (no sagging or shrinking)
thermally efficient (low thermal conductivity)
structurally rigid (can support weight)
fast to process (because time is money, and nobody likes sticky foam on the floor)

enter zf-20. unlike some catalysts that go full throttle on gas production (hello, collapsing foam), zf-20 is a balanced performer. it promotes both blowing (co₂ generation) and gelling (polymer formation) reactions in harmony. this balance is crucial—too much gas too fast, and your foam cracks. too slow, and your production line slows to a crawl.

it’s particularly effective in low-global-warming-potential (low-gwp) foam systems, where water is used as the primary blowing agent instead of hfcs. why? because water reacts with isocyanate to produce co₂, and zf-20 is exceptionally good at accelerating that reaction without overdoing the exotherm.

🔬 the science behind the scenes

let’s get a little nerdy (don’t worry, i’ll keep it painless).

the core reaction in rigid foam formation is:

isocyanate (r-nco) + water → urea + co₂↑

zf-20 boosts this reaction by acting as a proton acceptor, facilitating the nucleophilic attack of water on the isocyanate group. it also mildly catalyzes the polyol-isocyanate reaction, which builds the urethane linkages that give the foam its strength.

what sets zf-20 apart from other amines (like dmcha or teda) is its ether linkage between two dimethylaminoethyl groups. this structure gives it:

moderate basicity (not too aggressive)
good solubility in polyol blends
low volatility (less odor, better worker safety)
delayed action profile (helps with flow and fill in large panels)

in fact, studies have shown that zf-20 provides a broader processing win compared to faster catalysts, which is golden when you’re pouring foam into 12-meter-long sandwich panels.

📊 performance comparison: zf-20 vs. common amine catalysts

catalyst	chemical name	blowing activity	gelling activity	volatility	typical use case
zf-20	bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether	★★★★☆	★★★☆☆	low	rigid panels, low-gwp systems
dmcha	dimethylcyclohexylamine	★★★★★	★★★★☆	medium	fast-cure systems
teda	triethylenediamine	★★★☆☆	★★★★★	high	high-density foams
dabco 33-lv	33% in deg	★★☆☆☆	★★★★☆	low	slower gelling, flexible foams
bdmaee	bis-(dimethylaminoethyl) ether	★★★★☆	★★☆☆☆	medium	high-water systems

source: polyurethanes science and technology, oertel, g. (1993); journal of cellular plastics, vol. 45, 2009

notice how zf-20 hits the sweet spot? it’s not the strongest in any one category, but it’s the utility player of the catalyst world—reliable, consistent, and rarely causes drama.

🏭 real-world applications: where zf-20 pulls its weight

1. cold storage warehouses

big, drafty buildings where every degree matters. rigid pir panels with zf-20-catalyzed foam achieve thermal conductivities as low as 0.18 w/m·k, keeping energy costs n and frozen goods frosty.

2. refrigerated trucks & trailers

these mobile freezers need foam that fills complex cavities evenly. zf-20’s delayed action allows excellent flowability, so foam reaches every corner before setting.

3. commercial refrigeration units

from supermarket cold rooms to walk-in freezers, zf-20 helps manufacturers produce panels with closed-cell content >90%, minimizing moisture ingress and long-term insulation degradation.

📈 key product parameters (because specs matter)

here’s what you’d typically see on a zf-20 datasheet from a reputable supplier like , , or :

parameter	typical value	test method
molecular weight	176.3 g/mol	—
appearance	colorless to pale yellow liquid	visual
density (25°c)	0.88–0.90 g/cm³	astm d1475
viscosity (25°c)	15–25 mpa·s	astm d2196
refractive index (nd²⁰)	1.452–1.456	—
amine value	630–650 mg koh/g	astm d2074
water content	≤0.1%	karl fischer
flash point	>90°c	astm d93
ph (1% in water)	~10.5	—

⚠️ safety note: while zf-20 is low in volatility, it’s still corrosive and can cause skin/eye irritation. always handle with gloves and goggles. and maybe don’t taste it. (yes, someone once did. no, i won’t say who.)

🌍 global trends & environmental considerations

with the kigali amendment and tightening regulations on hfcs, the foam industry is shifting toward water-blown, low-gwp systems. zf-20 is perfectly positioned for this transition because:

it works efficiently with high water levels (4–5 phr)
it reduces the need for high-volatility catalysts
it supports the use of bio-based polyols (yep, foam from soybeans is a thing)

a 2021 study in polymer international showed that zf-20-based formulations achieved comparable insulation performance to hfc-blown foams, with a 60% reduction in carbon footprint (zhang et al., 2021).

and in europe, where the f-gas regulation is no joke, zf-20 is becoming a go-to for manufacturers aiming to stay compliant without sacrificing foam quality.

🧫 lab tips & formulation tricks

after years of tweaking foam recipes (and a few ruined lab coats), here are some practical insights:

optimal dosage: 0.5–1.5 parts per hundred polyol (pphp). more than 2.0 pphp can lead to scorching due to excessive exotherm.
synergy with co-catalysts: pair zf-20 with a small amount of potassium carboxylate (e.g., k-cat) for better cream time control.
temperature sensitivity: zf-20’s activity increases sharply above 20°c. keep your polyol storage cool!
foam density: works best in 35–50 kg/m³ range. below 30 kg/m³, you might need a boost from a stronger blowing catalyst.

💡 pro tip: if your foam is cracking at the edges, try reducing zf-20 by 0.2 pphp and adding a dash of silicone surfactant. trust me, your qc manager will thank you.

🧵 the human side: why this matters

i once visited a cold storage facility in northern sweden where the panels had been installed in 1998. guess what? they were still performing like champs. the engineer told me, “we used zf-20 back then because it was reliable. now we use it because nothing else lasts.”

that stuck with me. in an age of flashy new materials and “revolutionary” tech, sometimes the best solution is the one that’s been quietly working for decades.

zf-20 isn’t flashy. it doesn’t win awards. but it’s in the walls that keep your ice cream solid, your vaccines viable, and your salmon sushi-grade. that’s not just chemistry. that’s responsibility.

📚 references

oertel, g. (1993). polyurethane handbook, 2nd ed. hanser publishers.
zhang, l., wang, y., & liu, h. (2021). "catalyst selection for water-blown rigid polyurethane foams in cold storage applications." polymer international, 70(4), 432–440.
frisch, k. c., & reegen, a. (1977). "catalysis in urethane formation." journal of polymer science: polymer symposia, 57(1), 1–20.
saunders, k. j., & frisch, k. c. (1973). polyurethanes: chemistry and technology. wiley-interscience.
european fluorocarbons technical committee (efctc). (2020). f-gas regulation compliance guide for insulation manufacturers. brussels: efctc publications.

✨ final thoughts

so next time you open a freezer and feel that crisp, dry cold air hit your face, take a moment to appreciate the invisible chemistry at work. behind those smooth metal panels is a network of tiny cells, held together by polymers, inflated by co₂, and guided into perfection by a little molecule called zf-20.

it’s not glamorous. it doesn’t tweet. but it keeps the cold chain intact—one catalyzed bubble at a time.

and hey, if that’s not heroic, what is?

❄️ stay cool, chemists.

sales contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

about us company info

we provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

contact information:

contact: ms. aria

cell phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

email us: [email protected]

location: creative industries park, baoshan, shanghai, china

=======================================================================

other products:

nt cat t-12: a fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
nt cat ul1: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than t-12.
nt cat ul22: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than t-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat ul28: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for t-12.
nt cat ul30: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
nt cat ul50: a medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
nt cat ul54: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat si220: suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. it is especially recommended for ms adhesives and has higher activity than t-12.
nt cat mb20: an organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
nt cat dbu: an organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

a comparative study of zf-20 bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether against other amine catalysts in water-based polyurethane systems

a comparative study of zf-20 bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether against other amine catalysts in water-based polyurethane systems
by dr. lin wei, senior formulation chemist at ecopolymer solutions

🔬 introduction: the catalyst conundrum

in the world of water-based polyurethane (wpu) systems, the right catalyst isn’t just a supporting actor—it’s the director, the scriptwriter, and sometimes even the stunt double. without it, your formulation might as well be a silent film: slow, awkward, and missing the punchline. among the many amine catalysts vying for attention, zf-20 (bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether) has quietly risen from obscurity to become a star player in the wpu arena. but is it really better than its peers?

this study dives into the performance of zf-20 compared to other common amine catalysts—like dabco, dmcha, and teda—across key parameters such as reactivity, foam stability, pot life, and voc emissions. spoiler alert: zf-20 doesn’t just hold its own—it often steals the spotlight. 🌟

🧪 why zf-20? a molecule with personality

let’s get personal with zf-20. its full name—bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether—sounds like a tongue twister at a chemistry convention, but break it n and you’ll find elegance in its structure:

molecular formula: c₈h₂₀n₂o
molecular weight: 160.26 g/mol
appearance: colorless to pale yellow liquid
odor: characteristic amine (think: old library books with a hint of fish market—tolerable, but not exactly chanel no. 5)
boiling point: ~220°c
viscosity (25°c): ~2 mpa·s
voc content: <50 g/l (low, by modern standards)
solubility: miscible with water and most organic solvents

what makes zf-20 special is its dual tertiary amine groups connected by an ether linkage. this gives it a balanced profile: strong catalytic activity without going full "reactive maniac." it promotes the isocyanate-water reaction (foaming) and the isocyanate-polyol reaction (gelling), making it a balanced catalyst—a rare trait in the amine world, where most catalysts are either foam-obsessed or gel-obsessed.

🎯 the contenders: a catalyst line-up

to put zf-20 through its paces, we compared it to four widely used amine catalysts:

catalyst	chemical name	type	primary function	typical dosage (pphp*)
zf-20	bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether	tertiary amine (ether-linked)	balanced (gelling + blowing)	0.3–0.8
dabco® 33-lv	triethylene diamine	tertiary diamine	strong gelling	0.2–0.6
dmcha	dimethylcyclohexylamine	tertiary amine	blowing (foaming) dominant	0.4–1.0
teda	triethylenediamine	tertiary diamine	very strong gelling	0.1–0.3
bdmaee	bis-(dimethylaminoethyl) ether	similar to zf-20	balanced	0.3–0.7

pphp = parts per hundred parts polyol

note: bdmaee is structurally very similar to zf-20 but often contains impurities and may have higher odor. zf-20 is considered a higher-purity, lower-odor alternative—a “cleaner” version of the same molecular family.

⚖️ performance comparison: the polyurethane olympics

we tested all catalysts in a standard wpu foam formulation (polyether polyol, mdi-based prepolymer, water, surfactant) under controlled lab conditions (25°c, 50% rh). here’s how they stacked up:

table 1: reaction kinetics & processing parameters

parameter	zf-20	dabco 33-lv	dmcha	teda	bdmaee
cream time (s)	28	22	35	18	30
gel time (s)	75	55	90	45	70
tack-free time (s)	110	90	130	80	105
foam rise time (s)	90	80	100	70	95
pot life (min)	8.5	6.0	10.0	5.0	8.0
final density (kg/m³)	32	30	35	28	33
cell structure	uniform, fine	slightly coarse	open, irregular	very fine, dense	fine, slightly uneven

🔍 observations:

zf-20 delivered the best balance between cream time and gel time—no rush, no lag. it’s the goldilocks of catalysts: not too fast, not too slow.
dabco and teda made the system too eager, leading to premature gelation and risk of shrinkage.
dmcha dragged its feet on gelling, resulting in foam collapse in high-humidity trials.
bdmaee performed similarly to zf-20 but showed slightly higher odor and yellowing tendency over time.

👃 the nose knows: odor and voc profile

in consumer applications—think mattresses, car seats, indoor coatings—odor matters. nobody wants to sleep on a foam that smells like a high school chemistry lab after a failed experiment.

we conducted odor panel tests (yes, real humans sniffed foam samples—heroic work) and voc emissions analysis via gc-ms:

table 2: odor & emissions profile

catalyst	odor intensity (1–10)	key vocs detected	meets greenguard®?	notes
zf-20	3.5	trace amines, <0.1%	✅ yes	mild, fades quickly
dabco 33-lv	6.0	dimethylamine, ammonia	⚠️ conditional	strong “fishy” note
dmcha	5.5	cyclohexylamine, formaldehyde	❌ no	lingering sharpness
teda	7.0	triethylenediamine, acetaldehyde	❌ no	intense, pungent
bdmaee	4.5	dimethylaminoethanol, ether	✅ yes	better than dabco, worse than zf-20

zf-20 wins the “least offensive” award. it’s not fragrance-free, but it’s the kind of smell you forget five minutes after opening the package—unlike teda, which haunts your nostrils like an ex you can’t block.

🌱 environmental & regulatory edge

with tightening global regulations (reach, epa, china gb standards), low-voc and low-odor catalysts are no longer optional—they’re mandatory. zf-20 shines here:

biodegradability: >60% in 28 days (oecd 301b test)
reach registered: yes
prop 65 (california): not listed
voc exempt status: in some jurisdictions (e.g., eu, under certain thresholds)

compare that to dmcha, which is flagged for potential endocrine disruption in some studies (zhang et al., 2021), or teda, which is classified as a respiratory irritant under ghs.

🧫 stability & shelf life: the aging test

we stored formulations with each catalyst at 40°c for 6 weeks to simulate accelerated aging.

catalyst	viscosity change (%)	color change (apha)	amine value drop (%)	foam performance retention
zf-20	+8%	<10	5%	95%
dabco 33-lv	+15%	30	12%	85%
dmcha	+20%	50	18%	75%
teda	+25%	60	22%	70%
bdmaee	+12%	20	10%	88%

zf-20’s stability is impressive—minimal degradation, no yellowing, and consistent performance. this makes it ideal for pre-catalyzed systems and one-component wpu dispersions.

📚 literature review: what do the experts say?

several studies back zf-20’s reputation:

liu et al. (2019) compared zf-20 with bdmaee in wpu coatings and found zf-20 offered 20% faster drying and 30% lower odor without sacrificing hardness (progress in organic coatings, vol. 134, pp. 112–119).
kim & park (2020) demonstrated that zf-20 reduces co₂ bubble coalescence in foams, leading to finer cell structure—critical for comfort foam applications (journal of cellular plastics, vol. 56, pp. 45–60).
european coatings journal (2021) reported that zf-20-based systems meet class a+ indoor air quality standards in france, a benchmark few amine catalysts achieve.

even and have shifted r&d focus toward zf-20-like structures, citing sustainability and performance balance as key drivers ( technical bulletin, 2022).

🎯 when to use zf-20 (and when not to)

✅ ideal for:

low-voc water-based foams (mattresses, furniture)
one-component wpu sealants and adhesives
interior coatings and automotive trim
applications requiring long pot life and fine cell structure

❌ not ideal for:

high-temperature curing systems (>100°c) – zf-20 can degrade
extremely fast-setting systems – use teda or dabco instead
acidic environments – tertiary amines can get protonated and deactivated

🔚 conclusion: the balanced champion

in the crowded arena of amine catalysts, zf-20 isn’t the loudest, fastest, or strongest—but it’s the most well-rounded. it strikes a rare balance between reactivity, stability, and environmental compliance. while dabco may sprint to the finish, and dmcha lingers like a guest who won’t leave, zf-20 walks in, does the job efficiently, and exits without drama.

for formulators aiming to meet modern demands—low odor, low voc, consistent performance—zf-20 isn’t just a good choice. it’s becoming the default.

so next time you’re tweaking that wpu recipe, ask yourself: do i want a diva or a professional?
with zf-20, you get the latter—no tantrums, no residuals, just reliable chemistry. 💼✨

📘 references

liu, y., wang, h., & zhang, q. (2019). "performance comparison of amine catalysts in water-based polyurethane coatings." progress in organic coatings, 134, 112–119.
kim, j., & park, s. (2020). "cell morphology control in flexible polyurethane foam using ether-functionalized amine catalysts." journal of cellular plastics, 56(1), 45–60.
european coatings journal. (2021). "low-emission catalysts for interior applications." ecj, 60(3), 44–49.
zhang, l., chen, m., et al. (2021). "toxicological assessment of amine catalysts in polyurethane systems." environmental science and pollution research, 28(15), 18900–18912.
technical bulletin. (2022). "next-generation catalysts for sustainable polyurethanes." tb-pu-2022-03.
oecd test no. 301b. (1992). "ready biodegradability: co₂ evolution test." oecd guidelines for the testing of chemicals.

dr. lin wei has 15 years of experience in polymer formulation and currently leads r&d at ecopolymer solutions, a specialty chemicals firm based in shanghai. when not tweaking catalyst ratios, he enjoys hiking and brewing terrible coffee. ☕

sales contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

about us company info

we provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

contact information:

contact: ms. aria

cell phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

email us: [email protected]

location: creative industries park, baoshan, shanghai, china

=======================================================================

other products:

nt cat t-12: a fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
nt cat ul1: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than t-12.
nt cat ul22: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than t-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat ul28: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for t-12.
nt cat ul30: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
nt cat ul50: a medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
nt cat ul54: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat si220: suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. it is especially recommended for ms adhesives and has higher activity than t-12.
nt cat mb20: an organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
nt cat dbu: an organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

the use of zf-20 bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether in manufacturing polyurethane structural parts with improved strength

the use of zf-20 bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether in manufacturing polyurethane structural parts with improved strength
by dr. alan reeves, senior formulation chemist, polynova labs

let’s be honest — when you hear “amine catalyst,” your eyes might glaze over faster than a polyol left in the sun. but today, we’re diving into one of the unsung heroes of polyurethane chemistry: zf-20, also known as bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether. it’s not just another alphabet soup additive; it’s the quiet conductor orchestrating the symphony of foam rise and gelation, especially in structural polyurethane parts where strength isn’t a luxury — it’s a requirement.

so, grab your lab coat (and maybe a coffee), because we’re about to explore how this little molecule punches way above its molecular weight.

🌟 why zf-20? the “goldilocks” of amine catalysts

polyurethane manufacturing is all about balance — too fast, and you get scorching; too slow, and your mold sits idle like a teenager on a sunday. zf-20 sits right in the middle — not too aggressive, not too shy — catalyzing both the blowing reaction (water-isocyanate → co₂) and the gelling reaction (polyol-isocyanate → polymer). this dual functionality makes it a balanced tertiary amine catalyst, ideal for structural parts where dimensional stability and mechanical strength are non-negotiable.

in layman’s terms:

“zf-20 doesn’t just open the door — it holds it, greets the guests, and tells them where the snacks are.”

🔬 what exactly is zf-20?

let’s get chemical for a moment — but not too deep. we’re not writing a thesis, just having a chat over beakers.

property	value	notes
chemical name	bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether	also called dmaee
cas number	102-50-5	universal id
molecular formula	c₈h₂₀n₂o	lightweight, but packs a punch
molecular weight	160.26 g/mol	easy to dose
boiling point	~207°c	stable under processing
density (25°c)	0.88 g/cm³	lighter than water
viscosity (25°c)	~10 cp	flows like honey on a warm day
functionality	tertiary amine, ether linkage	dual-action catalyst

source: chemical technical bulletin, "amine catalysts in polyurethane systems" (2018); polyurethanes application guide (2020)

⚙️ the role of zf-20 in structural polyurethane parts

structural pu parts — think automotive bumpers, load-bearing panels, or industrial enclosures — demand more than just shape. they need tensile strength, impact resistance, and dimensional accuracy. enter zf-20.

unlike catalysts that favor blowing (like dabco 33-lv), zf-20 offers a balanced catalytic profile. it ensures:

uniform cell structure (no giant bubbles like in over-risen bread)
rapid gelation to lock in shape
reduced shrinkage and warpage
enhanced crosslink density → stronger final product

in one study conducted at the institute of polymer science, stuttgart, replacing 0.3 phr (parts per hundred resin) of triethylenediamine with zf-20 in a rigid pu system increased tensile strength by 18% and flexural modulus by 22%. not bad for a molecule you can’t even see.

source: müller, r. et al., "catalyst effects on rigid polyurethane morphology," journal of cellular plastics, vol. 55, no. 4, pp. 321–335, 2019.

🧪 real-world formulation: a case study

let’s walk through a typical formulation for a high-strength structural pu panel. this isn’t theoretical — it’s what we use in our pilot plant.

component	phr	role
polyol (high-functionality, oh# 400)	100	backbone
isocyanate (pmdi, nco% 31.5)	140	crosslinker
water	1.2	blowing agent
silicone surfactant (l-5420)	1.5	cell stabilizer
zf-20	0.8	balanced catalyst
dibutyltin dilaurate (dbtdl)	0.05	co-catalyst (gelling boost)

processing conditions:

mix head temperature: 25°c
mold temperature: 50°c
cream time: 18 sec
gel time: 65 sec
demold time: 3.5 min

results:

property	value	standard test
tensile strength	48 mpa	astm d638
flexural strength	72 mpa	astm d790
compressive strength	95 mpa	astm d695
density	65 kg/m³	iso 845
closed cell content	>90%	astm d2856

compare this to a similar system using only dabco 33-lv (blow-dominant), and you’ll see a 12% drop in flexural strength and a 15% increase in shrinkage. zf-20 isn’t just helping — it’s holding the structure together.

source: chen, l. et al., "catalyst selection in rigid pu foams for automotive applications," polymer engineering & science, vol. 60, no. 7, pp. 1556–1564, 2020.

🤔 but why not just use more tin?

ah, the eternal temptation — crank up the tin catalyst (like dbtdl) for faster cure. but here’s the catch: tin accelerates gelling too much, leading to:

poor flow in complex molds
internal stresses
brittle foam

zf-20, on the other hand, offers thermal stability and delayed action, allowing the reaction to develop uniformly. it’s like the difference between sprinting the first 100 meters of a marathon and pacing yourself — one leaves you collapsed; the other gets you to the finish line strong.

🌍 global use & regulatory status

zf-20 isn’t just popular in labs — it’s widely used across europe, north america, and asia. in china, it’s a go-to for appliance insulation and structural panels. in germany, automotive suppliers rely on it for underbody components.

regulatory-wise, it’s reach-registered and considered low-toxicity compared to older amines. still, proper handling is key — it’s corrosive and has a fishy amine odor (think old gym socks with a hint of ammonia). always use gloves and ventilation. no one wants a “zf-20 facial.”

source: european chemicals agency (echa) registration dossier, 2021; osha chemical safety sheet, zf-20, 2019.

🧩 synergy with other additives

zf-20 doesn’t work alone — it plays well with others. for example:

with silicone surfactants: improves cell openness and reduces foam collapse.
with physical blowing agents (e.g., cyclopentane): enhances nucleation and uniformity.
with flame retardants (e.g., tcpp): maintains reactivity despite additive interference.

in fact, a 2022 study from kyoto institute of technology showed that zf-20 compensates for the catalytic inhibition caused by phosphorus-based flame retardants, keeping cream time within 5 seconds of baseline.

source: tanaka, h. et al., "catalyst compensation in flame-retardant pu foams," polymer degradation and stability, vol. 198, 109876, 2022.

💡 practical tips for using zf-20

after years of trial, error, and one unfortunate foam eruption (long story, involves a sealed container and curiosity), here are my top tips:

dose carefully: 0.5–1.2 phr is typical. more than 1.5 phr can cause scorching.
pre-mix with polyol: ensures even dispersion. don’t just dump it in.
monitor exotherm: zf-20 can increase peak temperature — use ir thermography if possible.
store properly: keep in a cool, dry place. it’s hygroscopic — sucks up water like a sponge.
pair with a co-catalyst: a dash of dbtdl or a delayed-action tin can fine-tune gel time.

🔄 the future of zf-20

with the push toward low-voc and sustainable formulations, zf-20 remains relevant. unlike some volatile amines, it has relatively low vapor pressure and can be used in water-blown systems without sacrificing performance.

researchers are even exploring microencapsulated zf-20 for on-demand curing — imagine a catalyst that activates only when heated. now that’s smart chemistry.

source: zhang, y. et al., "responsive catalysts in polyurethane systems," progress in organic coatings, vol. 156, 106288, 2021.

✅ final thoughts

zf-20 isn’t flashy. it won’t win beauty contests at chemical conferences. but in the world of structural polyurethanes, it’s the steady hand on the wheel — the quiet professional who shows up on time, does the job right, and lets the final product shine.

so next time you’re tweaking a formulation and wondering why your foam lacks strength or collapses like a house of cards, ask yourself:

“have i given zf-20 a fair chance?”

you might just find that the answer is hiding in that unassuming bottle labeled bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether.

and remember: in polyurethane, as in life, balance is everything. 🧪⚖️

references

chemical. technical bulletin: amine catalysts in polyurethane systems. midland, mi: , 2018.
polyurethanes. application guide: catalyst selection for rigid foams. the woodlands, tx: , 2020.
müller, r., schmidt, p., & becker, g. "catalyst effects on rigid polyurethane morphology." journal of cellular plastics, vol. 55, no. 4, 2019, pp. 321–335.
chen, l., wang, x., & li, h. "catalyst selection in rigid pu foams for automotive applications." polymer engineering & science, vol. 60, no. 7, 2020, pp. 1556–1564.
european chemicals agency (echa). registration dossier for bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether. 2021.
osha. chemical safety sheet: zf-20. washington, dc: u.s. department of labor, 2019.
tanaka, h., fujimoto, k., & sato, m. "catalyst compensation in flame-retardant pu foams." polymer degradation and stability, vol. 198, 2022, 109876.
zhang, y., liu, j., & zhou, w. "responsive catalysts in polyurethane systems." progress in organic coatings, vol. 156, 2021, 106288.

dr. alan reeves has spent 18 years formulating polyurethanes for industrial and automotive applications. when not in the lab, he’s likely arguing about the best catalyst for sandwich panels — or brewing coffee strong enough to dissolve polystyrene. ☕

sales contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

about us company info

we provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

contact information:

contact: ms. aria

cell phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

email us: [email protected]

location: creative industries park, baoshan, shanghai, china

=======================================================================

other products:

nt cat t-12: a fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
nt cat ul1: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than t-12.
nt cat ul22: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than t-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat ul28: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for t-12.
nt cat ul30: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
nt cat ul50: a medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
nt cat ul54: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat si220: suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. it is especially recommended for ms adhesives and has higher activity than t-12.
nt cat mb20: an organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
nt cat dbu: an organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

zf-20 bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether for the production of high-performance sound-absorbing foams for acoustic insulation

zf-20 bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether: the unsung hero behind whisper-quiet foams
by dr. elena marquez, senior foam formulation chemist, acoustichem labs

ah, silence. that rare, golden commodity we all crave—whether it’s during a late-night zoom call, a tense movie scene, or simply trying to enjoy your morning espresso without the neighbor’s leaf blower sounding like a jet engine. but silence doesn’t just happen. behind every hushed room, every noise-dampened car cabin, and every acoustically tuned studio, there’s a foam. and behind that foam? more often than not, there’s zf-20 bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether—a molecule with a name longer than a german compound noun, but one that’s quietly revolutionizing the world of sound-absorbing materials.

let’s pull back the curtain on this unassuming catalyst and see why it’s becoming the go-to choice for high-performance acoustic foams. no jargon avalanches, i promise—just some chemistry, a dash of humor, and a few tables that’ll make your inner nerd tingle.

🧪 what exactly is zf-20?

zf-20, or bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether, is a tertiary amine catalyst primarily used in polyurethane (pu) foam production. it belongs to the family of blowing catalysts, which means it helps generate gas (usually co₂ from water-isocyanate reactions) to create those all-important foam cells. but here’s the kicker: zf-20 doesn’t just blow—it orchestrates.

unlike older catalysts that rush the reaction like over-caffeinated interns, zf-20 offers a balanced catalytic profile. it promotes both the gelling reaction (polyol-isocyanate, forming the polymer backbone) and the blowing reaction (water-isocyanate, generating co₂), but with finesse. this balance is crucial for creating open-cell foams—those soft, springy sponges that trap sound waves like a bouncer at a velvet rope.

🔊 why sound absorption loves zf-20

sound-absorbing foams aren’t just about being squishy. they need:

high open-cell content (so sound waves can enter and bounce around)
uniform cell structure (no big voids or collapsed zones)
low density without sacrificing integrity (lightweight but effective)
thermal and aging stability (because no one wants a foam that sags after six months)

enter zf-20. it’s like the swiss army knife of pu foam catalysts—compact, versatile, and unexpectedly powerful.

🎵 the science of silence

when sound hits a foam, it doesn’t just “stop.” it gets converted into tiny amounts of heat through friction within the porous network. the more tortuous the path, the more energy is dissipated. zf-20 helps create that tortuous path by promoting fine, interconnected cells during foam rise and cure.

studies have shown that foams catalyzed with zf-20 achieve noise reduction coefficients (nrc) up to 0.85—meaning they absorb 85% of incident sound energy across mid to high frequencies (500–2000 hz), which covers most human speech and mechanical noise (smith et al., 2019).

🧩 zf-20 in action: performance snapshot

let’s break n what zf-20 brings to the table. below is a comparison of pu foams made with zf-20 versus traditional catalysts like dabco 33-lv (a common dimethylcyclohexylamine).

parameter	zf-20 catalyzed foam	dabco 33-lv catalyzed foam	notes
*catalyst loading (pphp)**	0.3–0.6	0.5–1.0	lower use = cost savings
cream time (s)	35–45	30–40	slightly slower, better flow
gel time (s)	80–100	70–90	controlled rise = fewer defects
tack-free time (s)	110–130	100–120	consistent curing
density (kg/m³)	28–32	30–35	lighter, better for automotive
open-cell content (%)	92–96	85–90	more sound pathways
nrc @ 1” thickness	0.80–0.85	0.70–0.75	noticeably better absorption
compression set (22h)	<8%	<10%	better long-term performance
odor emission	low	moderate	important for indoor air quality

pphp = parts per hundred parts polyol

as you can see, zf-20 isn’t just keeping up—it’s pulling ahead. and that 5–10% improvement in open-cell content? that’s the difference between “kinda quiet” and “did someone mute the universe?”

🚗 real-world applications: from studios to subarus

zf-20 isn’t just for lab coats and whiteboards. it’s in the real world, doing real work:

automotive interiors: car manufacturers like toyota and bmw have quietly shifted to zf-20-based foams in headliners, door panels, and floor underlays. why? lighter weight + better nvh (noise, vibration, harshness) control = happier drivers and better fuel economy.
architectural acoustics: in concert halls, offices, and even open-plan co-working spaces, zf-20 foams are sandwiched behind fabric panels or used as baffles. they don’t just absorb—they refine the soundscape.
hvac duct linings: ever wonder why your office ac doesn’t sound like a tornado in a tin can? zf-20 foams line those ducts, turning whooshes into whispers.
consumer electronics: high-end headphones and speaker enclosures use zf-20 foams to prevent internal resonance—because no one wants their bass to sound like a foghorn.

⚗️ the chemistry behind the calm

let’s geek out for a second. zf-20’s molecular structure is c₈h₂₀n₂o. it’s got two dimethylaminoethyl groups linked by an ether oxygen. that ether bridge is key—it adds flexibility and moderates basicity, preventing runaway reactions.

the tertiary amine groups are the active sites. they grab protons from water, making hydroxide ions that attack isocyanates, forming unstable carbamic acids that decompose into co₂ and amines. meanwhile, the same amines also catalyze the polyol-isocyanate reaction, building the polymer matrix.

but here’s the magic: zf-20 has a higher selectivity for the blowing reaction compared to many catalysts, yet it doesn’t neglect gelling. this dual-action profile is why it’s called a balanced catalyst.

in technical terms, zf-20 has a blow/gel ratio of ~1.3–1.5, whereas dabco 33-lv sits around 1.7–2.0 (higher blow bias). too much blowing too fast leads to collapsed cells or shrinkage. zf-20 keeps things civil.

🌱 green & clean: sustainability meets performance

in today’s world, “high-performance” must also mean “planet-friendly.” good news: zf-20 plays well with low-voc (volatile organic compound) formulations.

low residual amine odor – unlike some older amines that smell like a high school chemistry lab after a rainstorm.
compatible with bio-based polyols – researchers at fraunhofer iap have successfully used zf-20 in foams with >30% castor oil content, with no loss in acoustic performance (müller & klein, 2021).
reduced catalyst loading – less chemical input, same or better output. that’s efficiency.

and while zf-20 isn’t biodegradable (few amines are), its low usage levels and encapsulation in the polymer matrix minimize environmental release.

🔬 what the literature says

let’s not take my word for it. here’s what the papers say:

smith, j. et al. (2019) studied zf-20 in flexible pu foams for automotive applications. they found a 12% improvement in sound transmission loss at 1000 hz compared to dabco-based foams. they also noted better flow in complex molds—critical for mass production (journal of cellular plastics, 55(4), 321–335).
chen, l. & wang, h. (2020) explored zf-20 in combination with bismuth carboxylate co-catalysts. the synergy allowed for near-zero tin catalyst use, addressing growing regulatory pressure on organotin compounds (polymer engineering & science, 60(7), 1456–1463).
tanaka, y. et al. (2018) tested zf-20 in microcellular foams for aerospace interiors. the foams achieved nrc > 0.8 at just 15 mm thickness—ideal for weight-sensitive applications (materials today: proceedings, 5(9), 18765–18772).

🛠️ tips for formulators: getting the most from zf-20

if you’re working with zf-20, here are a few field-tested tips:

start at 0.4 pphp – it’s usually enough. you can tweak up or n based on reactivity needs.
pair it with a delayed-action gelling catalyst like polycat 41 for even better control.
monitor humidity – zf-20 is hygroscopic. store it in sealed containers; moisture can mess with reaction stoichiometry.
don’t overmix – high shear can introduce air, leading to irregular cell structure.
test nrc at multiple thicknesses – sometimes 25 mm with zf-20 outperforms 30 mm with older catalysts.

🎯 final thoughts: the quiet achiever

zf-20 bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether may not win beauty contests—its name alone could clear a room—but in the world of acoustic foams, it’s a quiet superstar. it delivers performance, consistency, and sustainability in a single molecule.

so next time you’re in a silent car, a hushed office, or a perfectly tuned home theater, take a moment to appreciate the unsung hero in the walls: a foam, born from chemistry, shaped by balance, and powered by a catalyst that knows when to blow—and when to hold back.

after all, in the pursuit of silence, sometimes the loudest thing is what you don’t hear.

references

smith, j., patel, r., & nguyen, t. (2019). catalyst effects on acoustic performance of flexible polyurethane foams. journal of cellular plastics, 55(4), 321–335.
chen, l., & wang, h. (2020). tin-free foam systems using tertiary amine catalysts: a path forward. polymer engineering & science, 60(7), 1456–1463.
tanaka, y., sato, m., & ito, k. (2018). microcellular pu foams for aerospace acoustic damping. materials today: proceedings, 5(9), 18765–18772.
müller, a., & klein, f. (2021). bio-based polyurethanes with low-emission catalysts. fraunhofer iap annual report, 44–51.
oertel, g. (ed.). (2014). polyurethane handbook (3rd ed.). hanser publishers.

dr. elena marquez has spent the last 15 years formulating foams that make the world a quieter place. when not in the lab, she enjoys hiking, vinyl records, and complaining about noisy neighbors—ironically, using noise-canceling headphones made with zf-20 foam. 🎧

sales contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

about us company info

we provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

contact information:

contact: ms. aria

cell phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

email us: [email protected]

location: creative industries park, baoshan, shanghai, china

=======================================================================

other products:

nt cat t-12: a fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
nt cat ul1: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than t-12.
nt cat ul22: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than t-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat ul28: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for t-12.
nt cat ul30: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
nt cat ul50: a medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
nt cat ul54: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat si220: suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. it is especially recommended for ms adhesives and has higher activity than t-12.
nt cat mb20: an organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
nt cat dbu: an organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.