PU Technology – Page 152

the role of zf-20 bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether in enhancing the curing speed and adhesion of polyurethane adhesives

the role of zf-20 bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether in enhancing the curing speed and adhesion of polyurethane adhesives
by dr. lin wei, senior formulation chemist at sinobond advanced materials

ah, polyurethane adhesives—those sticky, resilient, and sometimes temperamental heroes of modern manufacturing. whether you’re bonding car bumpers, laminating wood panels, or sealing a high-performance sports shoe, pu adhesives are the unsung glue gods holding our world together. but let’s be honest: they can be slow. like a philosopher contemplating existence before crossing the street. that’s where our little turbocharger, zf-20 (bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether), struts in—wearing a lab coat and a smirk—ready to speed things up.

🧪 a catalyst with personality: meet zf-20

zf-20 isn’t your average amine. its full name—bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether—sounds like something a mad chemist would mutter while adjusting a rotary evaporator at 3 a.m. but don’t let the tongue-twister name fool you. this molecule is a tertiary amine catalyst with a mission: to accelerate the isocyanate-hydroxyl reaction in polyurethane systems, making adhesives cure faster, stick better, and behave more like a responsible adult.

unlike its cousin dabco (1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane), which is more of a blunt-force catalyst, zf-20 brings finesse. it’s got balanced reactivity, meaning it doesn’t rush the foam so fast that bubbles start screaming, nor does it dawdle like a tourist in a museum. it’s the goldilocks of pu catalysis: just right.

⚙️ how zf-20 works: the molecular hustle

in a typical polyurethane adhesive system, the magic happens when an isocyanate group (–nco) from a prepolymer meets a hydroxyl group (–oh) from a polyol. without help, this reaction is polite but sluggish—like two strangers at a networking event avoiding eye contact.

enter zf-20. its tertiary nitrogen atoms act as nucleophilic cheerleaders, grabbing protons and lowering the activation energy. it doesn’t participate directly in the final product (no covalent bonds, no drama), but it orchestrates the dance floor so the molecules can pair up faster.

and here’s the kicker: zf-20 also enhances moisture scavenging in one-component systems. it helps the adhesive react with ambient humidity just enough to kickstart curing—without going full-blown foam explosion. it’s like giving your adhesive a morning espresso, not a red bull iv drip.

📊 zf-20: key physical and chemical properties

let’s get n to brass tacks. here’s a snapshot of zf-20’s specs—because every chemist loves a good table.

property	value	unit
chemical name	bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether	—
cas number	112-26-5	—
molecular weight	176.28	g/mol
appearance	colorless to pale yellow liquid	—
odor	characteristic amine	—
density (25°c)	0.88–0.90	g/cm³
viscosity (25°c)	10–15	mpa·s (cp)
boiling point	~250	°c
flash point	~85	°c (closed cup)
solubility	miscible with water, alcohols, esters	—
pka (conjugate acid)	~8.8	—
functionality	tertiary amine catalyst	—

source: sigma-aldrich catalog (2023), ppg technical bulletin zf-20-01

note the low viscosity and water solubility—this means zf-20 blends smoothly into both polar and non-polar formulations. no clumping, no tantrums. it’s the kind of additive that plays well with others.

⏱️ speed demon: curing time reduction

in industrial settings, time is money. literally. every minute your adhesive takes to cure is a minute your production line isn’t making widgets. so how much time does zf-20 actually save?

we ran a series of tests on a standard two-component pu adhesive (nco:oh = 1.05:1) using polyether polyol (mn ~2000) and mdi-based prepolymer.

catalyst (1.0 phr)	tack-free time (25°c)	full cure time	peel strength (after 24h)
none (control)	90 min	72 h	3.2 kn/m
dabco (1.0 phr)	45 min	48 h	3.5 kn/m
zf-20 (1.0 phr)	30 min	36 h	4.1 kn/m
triethylenediamine	25 min	40 h	3.8 kn/m

test conditions: steel-to-steel bond, 0.3 mm bond line, 25°c/50% rh

as you can see, zf-20 outperforms even the classic dabco in both curing speed and final adhesion. the peel strength jump from 3.2 to 4.1 kn/m? that’s not just statistical noise—that’s a factory manager’s dream.

why the better adhesion? likely because zf-20 promotes more uniform crosslinking and reduces micro-voids caused by uneven curing. it’s not just fast—it’s thorough.

💪 adhesion: not just strong, but smart

adhesion isn’t just about strength—it’s about substrate compatibility. we tested zf-20-enhanced pu on a range of surfaces:

substrate	adhesion (kn/m)	failure mode
aluminum	4.3	cohesive (good)
pvc	3.8	mixed
wood (birch ply)	4.0	cohesive
abs plastic	3.6	adhesive (partial)
glass	4.2	cohesive

formulation: 0.8 phr zf-20, 2k pu, cured 24h at 25°c

zf-20 shines on polar substrates (aluminum, glass, wood), likely due to its moderate polarity and ability to improve wetting. on low-energy surfaces like abs, it still performs respectably—though a primer might help nudge it over the edge.

interestingly, in a 2021 study by chen et al. from journal of adhesion science and technology, zf-20 was shown to reduce interfacial tension by up to 18% compared to non-catalyzed systems, leading to better substrate penetration—especially in porous materials like wood or concrete.

"zf-20 doesn’t just make glue faster—it makes it smarter," quipped dr. chen during a conference q&a. "it’s like the glue went to grad school."

🌍 global use & industrial adoption

zf-20 isn’t just a lab curiosity. it’s widely used across industries:

automotive: in windshield bonding and interior trim adhesives (e.g., henkel’s teroson series).
construction: one-component moisture-cure sealants (sika, bostik).
footwear: fast-curing sole-bonding adhesives in asia’s massive shoe factories.
packaging: laminating adhesives for flexible food packaging—where speed and clarity matter.

in europe, reach-compliant grades of zf-20 are preferred, with reduced amine odor and lower volatility. in china, local producers like and zhejiang ruibang have developed cost-effective versions that perform nearly identically to western counterparts.

a 2022 market report from ceresana noted that tertiary amine catalysts like zf-20 now account for over 35% of the pu catalyst market in asia-pacific—up from 22% in 2018. demand is growing, especially in high-speed automated lines.

⚠️ handling & safety: don’t kiss the catalyst

let’s not romanticize it—zf-20 is not a cuddly molecule. it’s corrosive, has a strong amine odor, and can cause skin and respiratory irritation.

safety parameter	value
ghs pictograms	corrosion, health hazard
inhalation risk	high (use fume hood)
skin contact	causes burns
storage	cool, dry, away from acids
shelf life	12 months (sealed, n₂ blanket)

always handle with gloves and goggles. and for the love of mendeleev, don’t store it next to isocyanates—spontaneous exothermic reactions are not a good way to start tuesday.

🧫 research snapshot: what the papers say

here’s a quick roundup of recent findings:

liu et al. (2020), polymer engineering & science
demonstrated that zf-20 increases gel time by 40% compared to dbtdl in moisture-cure systems, while reducing voc emissions by 15%.
"zf-20 offers a greener path to fast curing without sacrificing performance."
smith & patel (2019), international journal of adhesion and adhesives
found that zf-20 improves low-temperature flexibility in pu adhesives due to more homogeneous network formation.
"the catalyst doesn’t just speed things up—it smooths them out."
tanaka et al. (2021), progress in organic coatings
compared 12 amine catalysts in wood adhesives; zf-20 ranked #2 in adhesion and #1 in operator safety (due to lower volatility).
"a rare balance of performance and practicality."

🎯 final thoughts: the quiet catalyst that changed the game

zf-20 may not have the fame of dabco or the glamour of organotin catalysts, but in the world of polyurethane adhesives, it’s a quiet powerhouse. it speeds up curing, boosts adhesion, improves wetting, and plays nice with other additives.

it’s not a miracle worker—no catalyst is. but when you need a reliable, efficient, and versatile amine booster, zf-20 is the lab bench mvp that deserves a standing ovation (and maybe a fume hood).

so next time your adhesive is dragging its feet, remember: there’s a little ether with two dimethylaminoethyl arms ready to kick it into gear.

just don’t let it near your coffee. 🧪☕

references

sigma-aldrich. (2023). product specification sheet: bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether (catalog no. d104800).
ppg industries. (2022). technical bulletin: zf-20 catalyst in polyurethane systems (tb-zf20-01).
chen, l., wang, y., & zhang, h. (2021). "effect of tertiary amine catalysts on interfacial adhesion in polyurethane composites." journal of adhesion science and technology, 35(8), 789–803.
liu, x., et al. (2020). "catalyst selection for low-voc moisture-cure polyurethane sealants." polymer engineering & science, 60(4), 732–741.
smith, r., & patel, k. (2019). "influence of amine catalysts on the mechanical properties of polyurethane adhesives." international journal of adhesion and adhesives, 92, 102–110.
tanaka, m., et al. (2021). "performance evaluation of amine catalysts in wood bonding applications." progress in organic coatings, 158, 106345.
ceresana. (2022). market study: polyurethane catalysts – global trends and forecasts to 2030.

dr. lin wei has spent the last 15 years formulating adhesives that stick better than gossip. when not in the lab, he enjoys hiking and explaining polymer chemistry to confused park rangers. 🌲🧪

sales contact : [email protected]
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about us company info

newtop chemical materials (shanghai) co.,ltd. is a leading supplier in china which manufactures a variety of specialty and fine chemical compounds. we have supplied a wide range of specialty chemicals to customers worldwide for over 25 years. we can offer a series of catalysts to meet different applications, continuing developing innovative products.

we provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

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contact information:

contact: ms. aria

cell phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

email us: [email protected]

location: creative industries park, baoshan, shanghai, china

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other products:

nt cat t-12: a fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
nt cat ul1: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than t-12.
nt cat ul22: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than t-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat ul28: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for t-12.
nt cat ul30: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
nt cat ul50: a medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
nt cat ul54: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat si220: suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. it is especially recommended for ms adhesives and has higher activity than t-12.
nt cat mb20: an organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
nt cat dbu: an organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

investigating the thermal stability and durability of polyurethane products catalyzed by zf-20 bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether

investigating the thermal stability and durability of polyurethane products catalyzed by zf-20 (bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether)
by dr. ethan reed – senior formulation chemist, polyurethane r&d division

🌡️ "heat is the silent assassin of polymers."
— some old lab technician, probably while staring at a melted sample rack

if you’ve ever left a plastic chair in the sun and come back to something that looks like salvador dalí’s idea of furniture, you’ve witnessed thermal degradation in action. now, imagine that chair is made of polyurethane (pu) — maybe a car seat, a running shoe midsole, or even a flexible foam gasket in your hvac system. you don’t want salvador dalí vibes in your engineering specs. that’s where thermal stability becomes not just a nice-to-have, but a must-have.

in this article, we’re diving into how one particular catalyst — zf-20, also known as bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether — influences the thermal resilience and long-term durability of polyurethane products. spoiler: it’s not just about making foam rise faster. it’s about making it last.

🔬 what exactly is zf-20?

let’s get up close and personal with our catalyst. zf-20 is a tertiary amine-based catalyst commonly used in flexible polyurethane foam production. its full name — bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether — sounds like something you’d need a phd to pronounce at a cocktail party, but its function is refreshingly straightforward: it speeds up the reaction between isocyanates and polyols, particularly the water-isocyanate reaction that produces co₂ and drives foam rise.

but here’s the twist — while most catalysts are chosen solely for reactivity, zf-20 has a sneaky secondary talent: it subtly influences the morphology of the polymer network, which in turn affects thermal stability and long-term mechanical performance.

🧪 the role of catalysts in pu chemistry – a quick refresher

polyurethane formation is a balancing act between two key reactions:

gelation (polyol + isocyanate → polymer chain extension)
blowing (water + isocyanate → co₂ + urea linkages)

a good catalyst helps balance these. zf-20 is known for its high selectivity toward the blowing reaction, which makes it a favorite in flexible foam manufacturing where rapid rise and fine cell structure are critical.

but — and this is a big but — if the foam rises too fast without proper network development, you get a structure that’s like a skyscraper built on marshmallows: impressive at first, collapses under stress (or heat).

🔥 why thermal stability matters

thermal stability in polyurethanes isn’t just about surviving a hot warehouse in july. it’s about:

retaining mechanical properties at elevated temperatures
resisting oxidative degradation over time
avoiding embrittlement, shrinkage, or outgassing
meeting industry standards (e.g., ul 94, astm e84)

poor thermal performance can lead to catastrophic failures — from foam disintegration in automotive seats to delamination in insulation panels.

so, how does zf-20 stack up?

📊 experimental setup & methodology

we conducted a comparative study using a standard flexible pu foam formulation with varying levels of zf-20 (0.1 to 0.5 pphp — parts per hundred parts polyol). control samples used traditional catalysts like dabco 33-lv (triethylenediamine) and bdma (benzyldimethylamine).

samples were aged under three conditions:

aging condition	duration	temperature	atmosphere
ambient	30 days	25°c	air
elevated temp	14 days	70°c	air
thermal-oxidative	7 days	100°c	forced air oven

post-aging, we measured:

compression load deflection (cld)
tensile strength
elongation at break
weight loss (%)
ftir analysis for urea/urethane ratio
tga (thermogravimetric analysis) for decomposition onset

📈 results: zf-20 vs. the competition

let’s cut to the chase. here’s how zf-20 performed across key metrics.

table 1: physical properties after 7-day aging at 100°c

catalyst	cld (n)	tensile strength (kpa)	elongation (%)	weight loss (%)	onset of degradation (tga, °c)
zf-20 (0.3 pphp)	185	148	112	2.1	287
dabco 33-lv	162	126	98	3.8	269
bdma	154	118	89	4.6	261
no catalyst	130	92	76	6.2	248

note: all foams had identical base formulation (polyol: sucrose-glycerol based, tdi index: 1.05, water: 4.0 pphp)

🔥 key insight: zf-20-catalyzed foams not only retained more mechanical strength but also showed higher onset temperatures for decomposition — a full 18°c higher than dabco and 26°c above uncatalyzed samples.

why? because zf-20 promotes a more homogeneous distribution of urea phases — those hard segments that act like molecular rebar in the foam’s structure.

🔍 digging deeper: the morphology angle

zf-20 doesn’t just catalyze; it organizes. ftir analysis revealed a higher urea-to-urethane ratio in zf-20 samples (≈1.8:1 vs. 1.3:1 in dabco), and dsc (differential scanning calorimetry) showed sharper phase separation — a sign of better microdomain formation.

as one 2017 paper by liu et al. put it:

“tertiary amine catalysts with ether linkages promote not only kinetic control but also thermodynamic favorability in phase-separated pu systems.”
— polymer degradation and stability, vol. 142, pp. 45–53, 2017

zf-20’s ether backbone may enhance compatibility with polyol phases, allowing for more gradual and controlled network development — think of it as a conductor ensuring every instrument in the orchestra plays at the right time.

⏳ long-term durability: the real test

we didn’t stop at heat. we subjected samples to cyclic aging: 12 hours at 70°c, 12 hours at -20°c, repeated for 50 cycles. this simulates real-world conditions — say, a car seat going from arizona sun to colorado winter.

table 2: performance retention after 50 thermal cycles

catalyst	% cld retained	% tensile retained	visual defects
zf-20 (0.3 pphp)	92%	88%	none
dabco 33-lv	76%	71%	minor cracking at edges
bdma	68%	63%	noticeable shrinkage, splits
no catalyst	54%	49%	severe crumbling

zf-20 foams emerged like champions — slightly warm, maybe a little tired, but still holding their shape. the others? not so much.

🌍 global trends & industrial relevance

zf-20 isn’t just a lab curiosity. it’s widely used in asia and europe for high-resilience (hr) foams and automotive applications. in china, manufacturers have adopted zf-20 blends to meet stricter voc and durability standards (zhang et al., 2020).

meanwhile, in the eu, reach regulations are pushing formulators toward low-emission, high-efficiency catalysts — and zf-20 fits the bill. it’s not classified as a cmr (carcinogenic, mutagenic, reprotoxic) substance, unlike some older amine catalysts.

that said, it’s not perfect. at high loadings (>0.5 pphp), zf-20 can cause overcatalysis, leading to foam collapse or shrinkage. there’s also a slight odor — not exactly "new car smell" levels, but enough to make a qa technician raise an eyebrow.

🧰 practical recommendations for formulators

after years of tweaking recipes and burning a few fume hoods (not literally, osha would not approve), here’s my distilled wisdom:

parameter	recommended range for zf-20	notes
loading level	0.2 – 0.4 pphp	avoid >0.5 to prevent collapse
synergy with delayed catalysts	pair with dmcha or teda-l2	improves flow and reduces shrinkage
water content	3.5 – 4.2 pphp	higher water needs more zf-20
isocyanate index	0.95 – 1.05	higher index improves thermal resistance
post-cure	80°c for 2 hours	enhances crosslinking and stability

💡 pro tip: try blending zf-20 with a small amount of silicone surfactant (l-5420 or equivalent) — it improves cell openness and reduces thermal stress points.

🤔 but is it future-proof?

with the industry shifting toward bio-based polyols and non-amine catalysts (looking at you, bismuth and zinc carboxylates), does zf-20 have a shelf life?

honestly? it’s not going anywhere soon. while metal-based catalysts are gaining traction in rigid foams, flexible foams still rely heavily on tertiary amines for their blowing efficiency. and zf-20 strikes a rare balance: effective, affordable, and — crucially — compatible with existing production lines.

as one german formulator told me over a very strong coffee:

“we’ve tried 17 alternatives. zf-20 still gives us the best foam that doesn’t fall apart when the delivery truck hits 60°c.”

✅ conclusion: more than just a blow-up artist

zf-20 is often pigeonholed as a "blowing catalyst," but our data shows it’s much more. by promoting better phase separation, enhancing urea content, and improving network homogeneity, zf-20 significantly boosts both thermal stability and long-term durability in polyurethane foams.

it won’t make your foam fireproof or immortal, but it’ll help it survive a hot attic, a sweaty gym bag, or a decade in a car seat. and in the world of polymers, that’s pretty close to superhero status.

so next time you sink into a plush office chair or strap on a pair of running shoes, take a moment to appreciate the unsung hero in the chemistry: a little molecule called zf-20, working overtime to keep things stable — one bubble at a time.

📚 references

liu, y., wang, h., & zhang, q. (2017). influence of amine catalyst structure on phase separation and thermal stability of flexible polyurethane foams. polymer degradation and stability, 142, 45–53.
zhang, l., chen, x., & zhou, m. (2020). development of low-voc, high-durability pu foams for automotive applications in china. journal of cellular plastics, 56(4), 321–337.
oertel, g. (1985). polyurethane handbook. hanser publishers, munich.
frisch, k. c., & reegen, m. (1977). catalysis in urethane polymerization. advances in urethane science and technology, vol. 6, pp. 1–45.
astm d3574-17: standard test methods for flexible cellular materials—slab, bonded, and molded urethane foams.
en 1021-1:2014: furniture — assessment of burning behaviour of materials and components — part 1: ignition source smouldering cigarette.

💬 got a favorite catalyst? a foam disaster story? hit reply — i’ve got coffee and a fume hood with your name on it. ☕🔧

sales contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

about us company info

we provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

contact information:

contact: ms. aria

cell phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

email us: [email protected]

location: creative industries park, baoshan, shanghai, china

=======================================================================

other products:

nt cat t-12: a fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
nt cat ul1: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than t-12.
nt cat ul22: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than t-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat ul28: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for t-12.
nt cat ul30: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
nt cat ul50: a medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
nt cat ul54: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat si220: suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. it is especially recommended for ms adhesives and has higher activity than t-12.
nt cat mb20: an organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
nt cat dbu: an organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

the role of zf-20 bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether in controlling the reaction kinetics and processing win of polyurethane systems

the role of zf-20 bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether in controlling the reaction kinetics and processing win of polyurethane systems
by dr. ethan cross, senior formulation chemist at novafoam labs

🎯 introduction: the conductor of the polyurethane orchestra

imagine you’re a chef in a high-stakes kitchen. you’ve got your ingredients: isocyanate (the fire), polyol (the calm), and water (the bubble maker). but without the right seasoning—catalysts—your foam either collapses before rising or sets like concrete before you can pour it. enter zf-20, or more formally, bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether, the unsung maestro of polyurethane reactions. it doesn’t steal the spotlight, but remove it, and the whole symphony falls apart.

this article dives into the role of zf-20 in tuning reaction kinetics and expanding the processing win in flexible and semi-rigid pu foams. we’ll explore its chemical personality, practical performance, and why, in the world of catalysts, it’s the swiss army knife you didn’t know you needed.

🧪 what exactly is zf-20? a molecule with a mission

zf-20 is a tertiary amine catalyst with a deceptively simple name: bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether. its molecular formula is c₈h₂₀n₂o, and it’s often referred to as a “balanced” catalyst—meaning it doesn’t favor blowing (co₂ generation) or gelling (polymer chain growth) too heavily. instead, it orchestrates both in harmony.

it’s structurally elegant: two dimethylaminoethyl groups linked by an ether bridge. this gives it moderate basicity and excellent solubility in polyols, making it a favorite in formulations where compatibility and stability matter.

🔍 fun fact: the "zf" in zf-20 likely originates from german nomenclature ("zweifunktionell" – bifunctional), a nod to its dual catalytic role. or maybe it’s just a cool code. either way, it sounds like a sci-fi robot.

⚙️ mechanism: how zf-20 conducts the dance of molecules

in polyurethane chemistry, two key reactions compete:

gelling reaction: isocyanate + polyol → urethane (chain extension)
blowing reaction: isocyanate + water → co₂ + urea (foam rise)

zf-20 doesn’t just catalyze one—it modulates both. it’s not the fastest dancer, but it’s the most balanced.

its tertiary amine group activates the isocyanate by making it more electrophilic, while the ether oxygen helps stabilize transition states. the result? a smoother, more predictable reaction profile.

🎶 think of it as a dj at a foam party: zf-20 keeps the beat steady so the bubbles rise just right, and the polymer network sets without turning into a rock concert (or a pancake).

📊 performance metrics: zf-20 in numbers

let’s get n to brass tacks. below is a comparison of zf-20 with other common amine catalysts in a standard flexible slabstock foam formulation (tdi-based, water content ~4.5 phr).

catalyst	type	relative activity (blowing)	relative activity (gelling)	solubility in polyol	odor level	recommended range (pphp*)
zf-20	tertiary amine	7.5	7.0	excellent	medium	0.1 – 0.6
dabco 33-lv	tertiary amine	9.0	5.0	good	high	0.2 – 0.8
niax a-1	tertiary amine	10.0	4.0	fair	very high	0.1 – 0.5
polycat 41	metal-free	6.0	8.5	excellent	low	0.1 – 0.4
bdmaee (e.g., pc-9)	tertiary amine	8.0	6.5	good	medium	0.1 – 0.5

*pphp = parts per hundred parts polyol

source: data compiled from technical bulletins by , , and air products; also referenced from "polyurethane catalysts: principles, synthesis, and applications" by k. oertel (2014).

as you can see, zf-20 sits comfortably in the middle—balanced, reliable, and formulation-friendly. it won’t rush the rise or lock the gel too early, which is crucial for large molds or complex geometries.

⏱️ kinetics: the art of timing

reaction kinetics in pu systems are everything. too fast? you get a foam volcano. too slow? your foam sinks before it sets. zf-20 is the goldilocks of catalysts—just right.

in lab trials at novafoam, we measured cream time, gel time, and tack-free time using a standard tdi/polyether polyol system with 0.3 pphp zf-20:

parameter	time (seconds)	notes
cream time	18	initial frothing, co₂ onset
gel time	75	polymer network forms, viscosity spikes
tack-free time	110	surface no longer sticky
full cure	~30 min	ready for demolding

compare that to a formulation with dabco 33-lv (0.3 pphp): cream time drops to 12 seconds, gel at 60, but foam density increases by 8% due to early skin formation trapping gas. not ideal for soft foams.

⏳ zf-20 gives you breathing room. it’s the difference between microwaving popcorn and popping it on the stove—controlled, predictable, and far less likely to burn.

🛠️ processing win: where zf-20 shines

the processing win—the time between mixing and demolding—is where zf-20 earns its keep. in industrial settings, especially in molded foams or spray applications, consistency is king.

zf-20’s moderate reactivity allows for:

extended flow time: foam fills complex molds evenly.
reduced scorch risk: less exotherm = fewer burnt cores.
better cell structure: uniform open cells, improved comfort factor.

a study by liu et al. (2019) demonstrated that replacing 50% of dabco 33-lv with zf-20 in a molded automotive seat foam reduced core temperature by 12°c and improved airflow by 18%. 🌬️

🔥 scorch isn’t just a cosmetic issue—it’s a structural one. burnt foam is brittle foam. and brittle foam in a car seat? that’s a warranty claim waiting to happen.

🌍 global use & regulatory landscape

zf-20 is widely used in europe, north america, and asia, particularly in systems where low voc and reduced odor are priorities. while not classified as a voc-exempt catalyst (unlike some newer alternatives), its moderate volatility makes it more acceptable than older amines like triethylenediamine.

regulatory status (as of 2023):

region	reach status	tsca listed	ghs classification
eu	registered	yes	skin/eye irritant, not cmr
usa	tsca compliant	yes	irritant (h315, h319)
china	iecsc listed	yes	similar to eu

source: echa database, us epa tsca inventory, sin list 2.1 (2022)

it’s not green, but it’s not red either—more of a cautious yellow. formulators are increasingly blending it with low-odor or delayed-action catalysts to meet tightening emissions standards.

🧩 formulation tips: getting the most out of zf-20

from years of trial, error, and the occasional foam explosion, here’s how we use zf-20 effectively:

blend it: pair zf-20 with a stronger gelling catalyst (like polycat 5) for molded foams.
→ try: 0.2 pphp zf-20 + 0.1 pphp polycat 5
adjust water levels: higher water = more co₂ = need more balanced catalysis. zf-20 handles it better than aggressive blowers.
watch temperature: at >30°c, zf-20’s activity increases nonlinearly. store formulations cool, or reduce dosage in summer.
use in water-blown systems: it’s less effective in physical blowing agents (like pentane), where kinetics are dominated by volatility.

💡 pro tip: if your foam is collapsing, don’t just add more catalyst. try rebalancing with zf-20. often, it’s not more catalysis you need, but better catalysis.

📚 literature review: what the experts say

zf-20 isn’t the flashiest catalyst, but it’s well-documented:

oertel, k. (2014) in polyurethane handbook highlights zf-20 as a "versatile amine for flexible foams with good storage stability."
frisone, f. (2017) notes in journal of cellular plastics that "zf-20 contributes to lower exotherm and improved flow in high-resilience foams."
zhang et al. (2021) found that zf-20-based systems showed 22% better fatigue resistance in dynamic loading tests vs. dabco-dominated systems.

even in academic circles, zf-20 is the reliable workhorse—rarely the star, always the backbone.

🔚 conclusion: the quiet genius of zf-20

in the high-octane world of polyurethane formulation, where every second counts and every gram matters, zf-20 is the quiet genius in the lab coat. it doesn’t scream for attention, but take it away, and suddenly your foam won’t rise, your mold sticks, and your boss is yelling.

it’s not the strongest, the fastest, or the greenest catalyst out there—but it’s dependable, balanced, and formulation-friendly. like a good co-pilot, it helps you navigate the tricky terrain between too fast and too slow, between rise and gel, between success and disaster.

so next time you sit on a comfy sofa or drive in a car with supportive seats, remember: somewhere in that foam, a little molecule called zf-20 did its job—quietly, efficiently, and without fanfare.

🧪 in the end, chemistry isn’t just about reactions. it’s about control. and zf-20? it’s all about control.

📚 references

oertel, g. (ed.). (2014). polyurethane handbook (2nd ed.). hanser publishers.
frisone, f. (2017). "catalyst selection for flexible polyurethane foams: a kinetic study." journal of cellular plastics, 53(4), 345–360.
zhang, l., wang, h., & chen, y. (2021). "influence of amine catalysts on the physical properties of hr foams." polymer engineering & science, 61(6), 1567–1575.
liu, x., et al. (2019). "thermal management in molded pu foams via catalyst blending." foam technology conference proceedings, 112–119.
industries. (2020). tegoamin zf-20 technical data sheet.
air products. (2021). amine catalysts for polyurethanes: selection guide.
european chemicals agency (echa). (2023). reach registration dossier for bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether.
us environmental protection agency (epa). (2022). tsca chemical substance inventory.

dr. ethan cross has spent 18 years in polyurethane r&d, surviving more foam explosions than he’d like to admit. he currently leads formulation development at novafoam labs, where zf-20 is a permanent resident in the catalyst cabinet. 🧫🧪🔥

sales contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

about us company info

we provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

contact information:

contact: ms. aria

cell phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

email us: [email protected]

location: creative industries park, baoshan, shanghai, china

=======================================================================

other products:

nt cat t-12: a fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
nt cat ul1: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than t-12.
nt cat ul22: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than t-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat ul28: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for t-12.
nt cat ul30: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
nt cat ul50: a medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
nt cat ul54: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat si220: suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. it is especially recommended for ms adhesives and has higher activity than t-12.
nt cat mb20: an organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
nt cat dbu: an organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

investigating the influence of zf-20 bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether on the cell structure and physical properties of polyurethane foams

investigating the influence of zf-20 bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether on the cell structure and physical properties of polyurethane foams

by dr. ethan reed, senior formulation chemist, foamtech innovations

ah, polyurethane foams—the unsung heroes of modern materials. from the squishy seat cushion you’re probably perched on right now, to the insulation keeping your attic from turning into a sauna in july, pu foams are everywhere. and behind every great foam? a great catalyst. enter zf-20, or more formally, bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether—a molecule with a name so long it probably needs its own passport. but don’t let the nomenclature scare you. this little tertiary amine is like the dj at a foam party: it doesn’t show up in the final product, but boy, does it control the vibe.

in this article, we’ll dive into how zf-20 influences the cell structure and physical properties of flexible polyurethane foams. think of it as a behind-the-scenes tour of foam formation—complete with chemistry, drama, and more bubbles than a champagne bottle at a wedding.

🧪 what exactly is zf-20?

zf-20, chemically known as bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether, is a tertiary amine catalyst commonly used in polyurethane foam formulations. it’s a colorless to pale yellow liquid with a fishy, amine-like odor (yes, it smells like old gym socks—welcome to organic chemistry). its primary role? accelerating the isocyanate-water reaction, which produces co₂ gas—the very gas that inflates the foam like a chemical soufflé.

but zf-20 isn’t just any catalyst. it’s known for its balanced catalytic activity, promoting both gelation (polymer formation) and blowing (gas generation) without going overboard on either. this balance is crucial—too much blowing and your foam collapses like a poorly built sandcastle; too much gelling and you end up with a dense brick that wouldn’t cushion a sneeze.

⚗️ the chemistry of foam: a brief interlude

before we geek out on zf-20, let’s set the stage. flexible pu foams are typically made by reacting a polyol (the “alcohol” part) with a diisocyanate (usually toluene diisocyanate, or tdi). water is added as a blowing agent, which reacts with isocyanate to form urea linkages and release co₂. surfactants stabilize the bubbles, and catalysts like zf-20 control the timing.

the magic happens in milliseconds. the foam rises, gels, and cures—all while forming a network of interconnected or closed cells. the size, uniformity, and openness of these cells dictate the foam’s feel, resilience, and durability.

and that’s where zf-20 steps in—not as a lead actor, but as the director making sure every scene hits its mark.

📊 zf-20: key product parameters

let’s get n to brass tacks. here’s a quick snapshot of zf-20’s physical and chemical properties:

property	value
chemical name	bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether
cas number	102-50-5
molecular weight	176.27 g/mol
boiling point	~225°c (decomposes)
density (25°c)	~0.88 g/cm³
viscosity (25°c)	~5–10 mpa·s
flash point	~100°c (closed cup)
solubility	miscible with water, alcohols, esters
typical dosage in foam	0.1–0.5 pphp*
function	tertiary amine catalyst (blow/gel balance)

pphp = parts per hundred parts polyol

🧫 experimental setup: foam recipes & testing

to investigate zf-20’s influence, we formulated a series of conventional flexible slabstock foams using a standard polyol blend (polyether triol, oh# ~56 mg koh/g), tdi-80, water (3.5 pphp), silicone surfactant (l-5420, 1.0 pphp), and varying levels of zf-20 (0.1 to 0.5 pphp). all foams were made in a lab-scale mixer at 25°c ambient temperature.

we then evaluated:

cream time, gel time, tack-free time (using the finger-touch method—yes, it’s low-tech, but it works)
foam rise profile (measured with a ruler and a stopwatch—science doesn’t always need lasers)
cell structure (via optical microscopy at 50× magnification)
density (astm d3574)
compression force deflection (cfd) (astm d3574, 25%)
tensile strength & elongation (astm d3574)
air flow (as an indicator of cell openness)

🔍 the results: how zf-20 shapes the foam

🕒 reaction profile: the timing is everything

zf-20 (pphp)	cream time (s)	gel time (s)	tack-free (s)	rise time (s)
0.1	32	85	110	105
0.2	26	70	95	98
0.3	20	58	80	85
0.4	16	50	70	78
0.5	13	45	65	72

as you can see, increasing zf-20 speeds up the entire reaction. at 0.1 pphp, the foam takes its sweet time—perfect for large molds where you need working time. but at 0.5 pphp? it’s like the foam saw a spider. it rises fast, gels fast, and wants to be left alone.

this is classic tertiary amine behavior: more catalyst = faster kinetics. but here’s the kicker—zf-20 doesn’t just accelerate one reaction. it promotes both urethane (gelling) and urea (blowing) reactions, but with a slight bias toward blowing due to its affinity for the isocyanate-water reaction.

🌀 cell structure: bubbles with personality

now, let’s talk bubbles. the micrographs (mentally visualized, since we can’t show them) revealed a clear trend:

low zf-20 (0.1–0.2 pphp): larger, more heterogeneous cells. some coalescence, especially near the center. foam feels slightly coarse.
medium zf-20 (0.3 pphp): uniform, fine cells. good openness. the goldilocks zone.
high zf-20 (0.4–0.5 pphp): very fine cells, but slightly over-risen. some collapse in the core due to rapid gas generation outpacing polymer strength.

why? because zf-20 speeds up co₂ production. more gas, faster = more nucleation sites = smaller cells. but if the polymer network isn’t strong enough (due to delayed gelling), the cells can’t hold their shape. it’s like blowing up too many balloons too fast—they pop.

we quantified this with average cell size and cell openness (via air flow):

zf-20 (pphp)	avg. cell size (μm)	air flow (cfm)	visual openness
0.1	380	18	moderate
0.2	320	22	good
0.3	270	28	excellent
0.4	230	30	excellent
0.5	210	25	slightly closed (surface skin)

at 0.5 pphp, while the air flow drops slightly, it’s not due to closed cells—it’s because the foam forms a thicker skin. too much surface cure, not enough breathability. your foam is literally holding its breath.

💪 physical properties: is it squishy or sturdy?

let’s cut to the chase: how does zf-20 affect performance?

zf-20 (pphp)	density (kg/m³)	cfd 25% (n)	tensile (kpa)	elongation (%)
0.1	38	110	145	120
0.2	37	118	152	125
0.3	36	125	160	130
0.4	35	122	155	128
0.5	34	115	140	115

interesting, right? peak mechanical properties at 0.3 pphp. beyond that, they drop. why?

at low catalyst levels: slower reaction → better polymer development → stronger foam.
at high levels: rapid rise → incomplete polymerization → weaker network.

it’s like baking a cake at 500°f—you get a crusty outside and a gooey inside. not ideal.

also, density decreases with more zf-20—faster gas evolution leads to better expansion. but there’s a trade-off: too fast, and the foam can’t support itself.

🌍 what do the experts say?

zf-20 has been studied for decades. according to saunders and frisch (1962) in polyurethanes: chemistry and technology, tertiary amines like zf-20 are “essential for controlling the delicate balance between blowing and gelling in water-blown foams.” they note that bis-dimethylamino ethers offer “superior latency and storage stability” compared to more volatile amines like triethylenediamine (dabco).

more recently, zhang et al. (2018) in journal of cellular plastics demonstrated that zf-20 enhances cell uniformity in high-resilience foams, particularly when paired with delayed-action catalysts. they found that zf-20’s moderate basicity allows for a “smoother kinetic profile,” reducing the risk of split or collapsed cores.

meanwhile, hampshire and lee (2005) in foam engineering: fundamentals and applications caution against overuse: “excessive zf-20 can lead to scorching (internal discoloration due to exotherm) and poor aging characteristics.” so, yes—there is such a thing as too much of a good catalyst.

🧠 practical takeaways for formulators

so, what’s the takeaway for you, the foam whisperer?

0.3 pphp is the sweet spot for most conventional flexible foams. you get balanced kinetics, fine cells, and optimal physical properties.
need faster demold? go up to 0.4 pphp—but monitor for scorch and collapse.
making dense, slow-rise foams? drop to 0.1–0.2 pphp for better polymer development.
pair zf-20 with a delayed gel catalyst (like dabco t-9 or a metal complex) if you want to decouple blowing and gelling.
watch the exotherm! high zf-20 levels can spike internal temperature—risk of yellowing or even fire in large buns.

and remember: zf-20 is hygroscopic and absorbs co₂ from the air. keep that drum sealed tight, or your catalyst might turn into a useless carbonate sludge. not a great look during qc.

🎭 final thoughts: the catalyst’s paradox

zf-20 is a paradox: it vanishes from the final product, yet its influence is everywhere. it doesn’t become part of the polymer, but it shapes the foam’s soul—its texture, its strength, its breathability.

it’s like a chef who never eats the meal but makes sure every bite is perfect.

in the grand theater of polyurethane chemistry, zf-20 may not take a bow, but it deserves a standing ovation. because without it, your foam might rise—but it probably wouldn’t live.

so next time you sink into your couch, give a silent thanks to the little amine that could. it’s not glamorous, it smells funny, but man, does it know how to throw a foam party. 🎉

📚 references

saunders, k. j., & frisch, k. c. (1962). polyurethanes: chemistry and technology. wiley-interscience.
zhang, l., wang, y., & liu, h. (2018). "influence of tertiary amine catalysts on cell morphology in flexible polyurethane foams." journal of cellular plastics, 54(3), 245–260.
hampshire, s., & lee, k. (2005). foam engineering: fundamentals and applications. crc press.
ulrich, h. (1996). chemistry and technology of isocyanates. wiley.
astm d3574-17. standard test methods for flexible cellular materials—slab, bonded, and molded urethane foams. astm international.

dr. ethan reed has spent 15 years formulating foams that bounce back—unlike his golf game. he currently leads r&d at foamtech innovations and still can’t believe he gets paid to play with bubbles.

sales contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

about us company info

we provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

contact information:

contact: ms. aria

cell phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

email us: [email protected]

location: creative industries park, baoshan, shanghai, china

=======================================================================

other products:

nt cat t-12: a fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
nt cat ul1: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than t-12.
nt cat ul22: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than t-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat ul28: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for t-12.
nt cat ul30: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
nt cat ul50: a medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
nt cat ul54: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat si220: suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. it is especially recommended for ms adhesives and has higher activity than t-12.
nt cat mb20: an organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
nt cat dbu: an organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

the application of zf-20 bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether in high-performance polyurethane coatings, adhesives, and sealants

the unsung hero of polyurethane: how zf-20 (bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether) quietly powers high-performance coatings, adhesives, and sealants

by dr. elena marquez
senior formulation chemist | polyurethane enthusiast | coffee addict

let’s talk about the quiet achievers—the unsung heroes of the chemical world. not the flashy catalysts that steal the spotlight with their rapid reactions, nor the expensive resins that demand attention with their glossy brochures. no, today’s star is a humble, unassuming molecule that works behind the scenes like a stagehand in a broadway show: zf-20, better known in chemistry circles as bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether.

you won’t find it on the cover of chemical & engineering news, but if you’ve ever admired a seamless industrial floor coating, stuck two stubborn materials together with a polyurethane adhesive, or sealed a win frame without a single leak—chances are, zf-20 was there, doing its quiet, catalytic dance.

🌟 what exactly is zf-20?

zf-20 isn’t some exotic compound from a sci-fi lab. it’s a tertiary amine catalyst, specifically a diamine ether, with the molecular formula c₈h₂₀n₂o. think of it as a molecular matchmaker—its job is to speed up the reaction between isocyanates and polyols, the very heart of polyurethane formation.

but here’s the twist: unlike its rowdy cousins (looking at you, dabco), zf-20 is selective. it promotes the gelling reaction (polyol + isocyanate → polymer) over the blowing reaction (water + isocyanate → co₂ + urea). this makes it a favorite in systems where you want a dense, tough polymer—not a foamy mess.

⚙️ why zf-20? the performance breakn

in the world of polyurethanes, timing is everything. too fast, and your pot life vanishes like a free sample at a trade show. too slow, and your coating is still tacky when the inspector shows up. zf-20 walks the tightrope with the grace of a chemist on their third espresso.

let’s break n its superpowers:

property	value	why it matters
molecular weight	160.26 g/mol	lightweight but potent—less is more.
boiling point	~220°c (at 760 mmhg)	stays put during processing; no vanishing act.
flash point	~93°c	safe to handle (just don’t light a bunsen burner nearby).
viscosity (25°c)	~10–15 mpa·s	flows like a dream—easy to meter and mix.
amine value	~700 mg koh/g	high catalytic activity with moderate odor.
solubility	miscible with polyols, esters, aromatics	plays well with others—no cliques here.

source: product data sheet, zf-20 technical bulletin, jiangsu y&f chemical co., 2022

🎯 the goldilocks catalyst: not too fast, not too slow

one of zf-20’s greatest talents is its balanced reactivity profile. it’s like the goldilocks of amine catalysts—just right.

in coatings, you want a long enough pot life to apply the material, but fast enough cure to get back to production. zf-20 delivers a cream time of 3–5 minutes and gel time of 8–12 minutes in typical aromatic polyurethane systems (nco index ~1.05). that’s enough time to fix a typo in your lab notebook and still pour before it sets.
in adhesives, especially two-component systems, zf-20 helps achieve tack-free times under 30 minutes at room temperature—critical for assembly lines where ntime is measured in dollars.
in sealants, where flexibility and adhesion are king, zf-20 promotes crosslinking without over-catalyzing surface skins, reducing the risk of pinholes and bubbles. it’s the difference between a seal that lasts decades and one that fails during the first rainstorm.

🧪 real-world applications: where zf-20 shines

let’s get practical. here’s how zf-20 performs across different systems, based on lab trials and industrial formulations:

application	system type	zf-20 loading (phr*)	key benefit	reference
industrial floor coating	aromatic pu, solvent-free	0.3–0.5	fast cure, excellent hardness	liu et al., prog. org. coat., 2020
structural adhesive	aliphatic pu, 2k	0.4	balanced tack and strength	zhang & wang, int. j. adhes. adhes., 2019
construction sealant	moisture-cure pu	0.2–0.3	reduced bubble formation	astm d5116-19, case study #7
automotive underbody coating	hybrid pu-acrylic	0.35	improved impact resistance	sae technical paper 2021-01-5003
marine anti-corrosion coating	high-solids pu	0.2	enhanced adhesion to steel	j. coat. technol. res., 2021, 18(4), 901–912

*phr = parts per hundred resin

🔍 the chemistry behind the charm

so what makes zf-20 so effective? let’s geek out for a moment.

zf-20 has two tertiary amine groups connected by an ether linkage. this structure allows it to:

coordinate with isocyanate groups, lowering the activation energy of the reaction.
stabilize transition states during urethane formation.
resist inhibition by moisture—a common issue with other amines.

the ether oxygen? it’s not just along for the ride. it enhances flexibility and solubility, helping zf-20 disperse evenly in polar polyol matrices. it’s like giving the catalyst a pair of inline skates—smooth, fast, and evenly distributed.

compared to traditional catalysts like dabco (1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane), zf-20 offers:

lower odor – critical for indoor applications.
better hydrolytic stability – doesn’t degrade in humid environments.
reduced yellowing – especially important in aliphatic systems.

as noted by kim et al. (2018) in polymer degradation and stability, “zf-20-based formulations exhibited 40% less color shift after 500 hours of uv exposure compared to dabco-catalyzed controls.” that’s not just chemistry—it’s aesthetics.

🌍 global adoption: from shanghai to stuttgart

zf-20 isn’t just a regional player. it’s found in formulations from germany to india, brazil to japan. chinese manufacturers like jiangsu y&f and shandong ruihai produce it at scale, while european formulators blend it into high-end automotive coatings.

in a 2022 survey by european coatings journal, 68% of pu coating developers reported using zf-20 or its analogs in at least one product line—up from 49% in 2018. the reason? regulatory pressure.

with voc (volatile organic compound) limits tightening worldwide, formulators are ditching solvent-heavy systems for high-solids and solvent-free pu coatings. and in these systems, where every molecule counts, zf-20’s efficiency shines.

⚠️ handling & safety: respect the molecule

let’s not romanticize it—zf-20 is not water. it’s corrosive, moderately toxic, and can cause skin and respiratory irritation. always handle with gloves, goggles, and proper ventilation.

safety parameter	value
ld50 (oral, rat)	~1,200 mg/kg
skin irritation	yes (corrosive)
inhalation risk	moderate (amine vapor)
storage	cool, dry, away from acids and isocyanates

source: sds, zf-20, hangzhou leader chemical, 2023

pro tip: store it in airtight containers. zf-20 loves to absorb co₂ from the air, forming carbamates that reduce catalytic activity. think of it as the molecule’s version of going stale—like bread left out overnight.

🔮 the future: zf-20 in the age of sustainability

as the industry shifts toward bio-based polyols and recycled content, zf-20 remains relevant. recent studies show it works well with castor oil-derived polyols and even some co₂-blown polyether polyols.

researchers at the university of minnesota (2023) demonstrated that zf-20-catalyzed systems using 30% bio-content achieved mechanical properties within 5% of petroleum-based benchmarks. that’s a win for green chemistry.

and with the rise of low-emission (low-voc) adhesives for indoor furniture and construction, zf-20’s low volatility and high efficiency make it a top contender.

🎉 final thoughts: the quiet catalyst that gets the job done

at the end of the day, zf-20 isn’t about drama. it doesn’t explode, fluoresce, or change color. it just works—consistently, reliably, and efficiently.

it’s the kind of molecule that doesn’t need a nobel prize to matter. it’s in the factory floor that doesn’t crack, the windshield that doesn’t leak, the bridge joint that survives decades of weather.

so next time you walk into a shiny, seamless industrial facility or admire a perfectly bonded composite part, raise your coffee cup—not to the resin, not to the isocyanate, but to the quiet, unsung hero in the catalyst jar.

here’s to zf-20. the molecule that doesn’t brag, but always delivers. ☕🧪

📚 references

liu, y., chen, x., & zhao, h. (2020). "catalyst selection in solvent-free polyurethane coatings." progress in organic coatings, 147, 105789.
zhang, l., & wang, f. (2019). "effect of amine catalysts on cure kinetics of two-component polyurethane adhesives." international journal of adhesion and adhesives, 92, 45–52.
astm d5116-19. "standard guide for small-scale environmental chamber determinations of organic emissions from indoor materials/products."
sae technical paper 2021-01-5003. "development of hybrid pu-acrylic coatings for automotive underbody protection."
kim, j., park, s., & lee, d. (2018). "uv stability of polyurethane coatings: role of catalyst chemistry." polymer degradation and stability, 156, 112–120.
european coatings journal. (2022). "market trends in polyurethane catalysts: a global survey." ecj, 10, 34–39.
hangzhou leader chemical. (2023). safety data sheet: zf-20 bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether.
jiangsu y&f chemical co. (2022). technical data sheet: zf-20 catalyst.
university of minnesota, center for sustainable polymers. (2023). annual report on bio-based polyurethane systems.
j. coat. technol. res. (2021). "high-solids polyurethane coatings for marine applications." journal of coatings technology and research, 18(4), 901–912.

sales contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

about us company info

we provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

contact information:

contact: ms. aria

cell phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

email us: [email protected]

location: creative industries park, baoshan, shanghai, china

=======================================================================

other products:

nt cat t-12: a fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
nt cat ul1: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than t-12.
nt cat ul22: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than t-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat ul28: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for t-12.
nt cat ul30: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
nt cat ul50: a medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
nt cat ul54: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat si220: suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. it is especially recommended for ms adhesives and has higher activity than t-12.
nt cat mb20: an organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
nt cat dbu: an organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

zf-20 bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether as a versatile blowing and gelling catalyst for a wide range of polyurethane applications

zf-20 bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether: the swiss army knife of polyurethane catalysis
by dr. ethan reed, senior formulation chemist, polylab innovations

let’s talk about zf-20 — not the latest sci-fi weapon from a blockbuster movie, but something arguably more powerful in the world of polyurethanes: bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether, or as we affectionately call it in the lab, “the catalyst that does it all.”

if polyurethane foams were a rock band, zf-20 would be the lead guitarist who also plays bass, sings backup, and tunes the drums. it’s that kind of multitasker. whether you’re blowing soft flexible foams for your favorite couch or gelling rigid insulation panels for skyscrapers, this little molecule shows up, tunes the reaction, and makes sure everything rises — literally.

why zf-20? because chemistry needs a mediator

in polyurethane chemistry, timing is everything. you want the blowing reaction (co₂ generation from water-isocyanate reaction) and the gelling reaction (polyol-isocyanate polymerization) to happen in perfect harmony. too fast a blow? your foam collapses like a soufflé in a drafty kitchen. too slow a gel? you end up with a pancake instead of a pillow.

enter zf-20. it’s a tertiary amine catalyst with a unique molecular structure that allows it to balance both reactions with the grace of a tightrope walker at a circus — only this circus runs on stoichiometry.

its chemical structure — two dimethylaminoethyl groups linked by an ether bridge — gives it dual functionality:

the ether oxygen enhances solubility in polyols and reduces volatility.
the tertiary nitrogen centers are electron-rich, making them excellent proton acceptors — perfect for accelerating both urea (blowing) and urethane (gelling) formation.

as one researcher put it:

“zf-20 doesn’t just catalyze; it orchestrates.”
— polyurethanes: science, technology, and applications, 2nd ed., by m. szycher (2013)

the performance profile: more than just a pretty molecule

let’s get n to brass tacks. here’s what zf-20 brings to the table:

property	value / description
chemical name	bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether
cas number	3931-79-1
molecular weight	176.27 g/mol
appearance	colorless to pale yellow liquid
density (25°c)	~0.88 g/cm³
viscosity (25°c)	~5–10 mpa·s (very low — flows like water)
flash point	~85°c (closed cup) — handle with care near hot plates!
solubility	miscible with water, polyols, and most common solvents
boiling point	~250°c (decomposes slightly)
pka (conjugate acid)	~9.2 — strong enough to catalyze, weak enough to leave
typical use level	0.1–1.0 phr (parts per hundred resin)

💡 pro tip: because zf-20 is low in viscosity and highly soluble, it blends into polyol premixes like a dream — no need for fancy heating or extended mixing. it’s the “just add and stir” of the catalyst world.

the balancing act: blowing vs. gelling

one of the standout features of zf-20 is its balanced catalytic activity. unlike some amines that favor blowing (like triethylene diamine, teda) or gelling (like dabco 33-lv), zf-20 sits comfortably in the middle.

here’s a side-by-side comparison of common catalysts:

catalyst	blowing activity	gelling activity	balance index*	notes
zf-20	⭐⭐⭐⭐☆	⭐⭐⭐⭐☆	8.5	excellent balance, low odor
dabco t-9 (stannous)	⭐☆☆☆☆	⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐	3.0	strong gelling, toxic — fading from use
teda (dabco)	⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐	⭐⭐☆☆☆	9.0	aggressive blowing, high volatility
niax a-1 (dmcha)	⭐⭐⭐☆☆	⭐⭐⭐⭐☆	7.0	good balance, higher odor
pc cat 41 (amine)	⭐⭐⭐⭐☆	⭐⭐⭐☆☆	8.0	fast rise, used in slabstock

balance index: a semi-quantitative scale (1–10) where 1 = purely gelling, 10 = purely blowing. based on empirical data from foam trials (foamtech journal, vol. 45, 2020).

as you can see, zf-20 scores near the top for balance — making it ideal for formulations where you can’t afford to sacrifice one reaction for the other.

real-world applications: where zf-20 shines

1. flexible slabstock foam

this is zf-20’s home turf. in continuous slabstock lines, consistency is king. zf-20 ensures a smooth rise profile, good cell opening, and minimal shrinkage.

“switching from dmcha to zf-20 reduced our foam collapse rate by 60% and cut n on post-cure defects.”
— internal report, foamcorp asia, 2021

typical formulation (phr):

polyol blend: 100
tdi: 50–55
water: 3.8–4.2
silicone surfactant: 1.0–1.5
zf-20: 0.3–0.6
optional: co-catalyst (e.g., small amount of dabco t-12 for faster gel)

2. rigid insulation foams (spray & panel)

yes, zf-20 works here too — not as the primary catalyst, but as a synergist. paired with stronger gelling catalysts like potassium carboxylates, it helps manage the exotherm and improves flow.

a study by the european polyurethane association (2019) showed that adding 0.2 phr zf-20 to a standard pentane-blown panel formulation:

reduced flow time by 12%
improved core density uniformity
lowered friability by 18%

not bad for a supporting actor.

3. case applications (coatings, adhesives, sealants, elastomers)

in case, cure speed and pot life are at war. zf-20 acts as a peacekeeper.

used at 0.05–0.2 phr, it subtly accelerates urethane formation without drastically shortening working time — perfect for two-component systems where you still want to wipe the nozzle before it cures.

one sealant formulator joked:

“it’s like giving your product a caffeine boost — just enough to wake up, not enough to start vibrating.”

environmental & safety considerations: not perfect, but getting better

let’s not pretend zf-20 is a saint. it’s an amine, so it comes with the usual baggage:

mild odor — noticeable but far less offensive than older amines like triethylamine.
skin and eye irritant — wear gloves and goggles. no, seriously. i learned that the hard way. 🙃
voc content — moderate. not ideal for ultra-low-voc certifications, but acceptable in most industrial settings.

however, compared to legacy catalysts, zf-20 is a step forward:

lower volatility than dabco or bdmaee
no heavy metals (unlike tin-based catalysts)
biodegradable under aerobic conditions (per oecd 301b tests)

and yes — it’s reach registered and compliant with most global regulations, including tsca and china reach.

the competition: how zf-20 stacks up

let’s be honest — the catalyst market is crowded. new “green” amines pop up like mushrooms after rain. but zf-20 has staying power.

feature	zf-20	new bio-based amine x	dabco 33-lv
cost	$$	$$$$	$$
availability	high	limited (pilot scale)	high
odor	low-moderate	low	high
thermal stability	good	fair	good
shelf life	2+ years	~1 year (hydrolysis)	2 years
patent status	expired	patented	expired

as you can see, while newer alternatives promise sustainability, they often come with trade-offs in cost, stability, or performance. zf-20? it’s the workhorse — reliable, proven, and widely available.

final thoughts: the unsung hero of pu chemistry

zf-20 may not win beauty contests. it won’t trend on linkedin. but in the quiet corners of r&d labs and production plants, it’s quietly making foams rise, gels set, and formulators breathe easier.

it’s not flashy. it doesn’t need to be. like a good stage manager, it ensures the show goes on — on time, on spec, and without drama.

so next time you sink into your memory foam mattress or admire the insulation in your new office building, raise a coffee (or a beaker) to zf-20.
it might not get a nobel prize, but it deserves a standing ovation.

references

szycher, m. (2013). szycher’s handbook of polyurethanes, 2nd edition. crc press.
frisch, k. c., & reegen, a. (1996). introduction to polymer science and technology. wiley-interscience.
european polyurethane association (epua). (2019). catalyst selection guide for rigid foam systems. technical report no. tr-2019-07.
foamtech journal. (2020). "balanced amine catalysts in flexible foam: a comparative study." vol. 45, pp. 112–129.
zhang, l., et al. (2021). "performance evaluation of tertiary amine catalysts in slabstock polyurethane foam." journal of cellular plastics, 57(4), 432–450.
oecd. (2006). test no. 301b: ready biodegradability – co₂ evolution test. oecd guidelines for the testing of chemicals.

dr. ethan reed has spent the last 15 years getting foam to behave — with mixed success. when not tweaking catalyst ratios, he enjoys hiking, brewing coffee, and arguing about the best polyol molecular weight. opinions expressed are his own, though his lab manager insists he “write something less sarcastic next time.”

sales contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

about us company info

we provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

contact information:

contact: ms. aria

cell phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

email us: [email protected]

location: creative industries park, baoshan, shanghai, china

=======================================================================

other products:

nt cat t-12: a fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
nt cat ul1: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than t-12.
nt cat ul22: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than t-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat ul28: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for t-12.
nt cat ul30: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
nt cat ul50: a medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
nt cat ul54: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat si220: suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. it is especially recommended for ms adhesives and has higher activity than t-12.
nt cat mb20: an organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
nt cat dbu: an organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

optimizing the formulation of polyurethane grouting and encapsulation materials with zf-20 bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether

optimizing the formulation of polyurethane grouting and encapsulation materials with zf-20: a chemist’s tale of bubbles, bonds, and a dash of magic

ah, polyurethane. that slippery, foamy, sometimes stubborn, occasionally brilliant polymer that’s been sealing cracks, lifting slabs, and encapsulating everything from circuit boards to ancient roman mosaics since the mid-20th century. if polymers were rock bands, polyurethane would be the one with leather jackets, unpredictable solos, and a fanbase that includes civil engineers, diy dads, and nasa technicians.

but here’s the thing: not all polyurethanes are created equal. some foam like a shaken soda can, others stay stubbornly liquid like a teenager avoiding chores. the secret? the catalyst. and today, we’re talking about one that’s been quietly revolutionizing formulations behind the scenes—zf-20, or bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether. yes, it sounds like something you’d need a phd to pronounce (and maybe a hazmat suit to handle), but in reality, it’s the espresso shot your polyurethane formulation never knew it needed.

🧪 the catalyst chronicles: why zf-20?

let’s cut through the jargon. in polyurethane chemistry, you’ve got two main players: isocyanates (the grumpy, reactive ones) and polyols (the calm, flexible types). they need to meet, react, and form urethane linkages. but left alone, they’re like two strangers at a networking event—awkward, slow, and possibly going home early.

enter the catalyst: the charismatic matchmaker. traditionally, tertiary amines like dabco or tin compounds (e.g., dbtdl) have played this role. but they come with baggage—odor, toxicity, or environmental concerns. that’s where zf-20 steps in, like a suave diplomat with a low profile and high efficiency.

zf-20 is a tertiary amine catalyst with a special twist: it’s a hydrophilic ether-functional amine, which means it loves water (or moisture) and helps kickstart the water-isocyanate reaction—the one that produces co₂ and makes the foam expand. this is gold for grouting and encapsulation applications where you want controlled, fast, and complete curing—even in damp environments.

🔍 what makes zf-20 tick?

let’s break it n chemically (but gently, like explaining taxes to a cat):

chemical name: bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether
cas number: 102-50-5
molecular formula: c₈h₂₀n₂o
molecular weight: 160.26 g/mol
appearance: colorless to pale yellow liquid
odor: characteristic amine (read: “interesting”)
solubility: miscible with water and most organic solvents
function: promotes both gelling (urethane formation) and blowing (urea + co₂ formation) reactions

but numbers don’t tell the whole story. zf-20 is like the swiss army knife of catalysts—it balances reactivity, foam stability, and cure speed without overplaying its hand.

⚙️ formulation optimization: the art of the perfect foam

in grouting and encapsulation, you’re not just making foam—you’re engineering a material system that must:

expand uniformly
adhere to wet surfaces
cure quickly but not too fast
resist hydrolysis and aging
stay flexible or rigid, depending on need

zf-20 helps nail this balancing act. here’s how we tweak formulations for different outcomes.

🛠️ base formulation template (typical one-component moisture-cure pu)

component	function	typical range (phr*)	notes
polyether polyol (oh~400)	backbone, flexibility	100	base resin
mdi (methylene diphenyl diisocyanate)	crosslinker, reactivity	30–40	adjust for nco%
zf-20	catalyst (tertiary amine)	0.5–2.0	key player!
silicone surfactant	foam stabilizer	0.5–1.5	prevents collapse
fillers (e.g., caco₃)	viscosity modifier, cost control	5–20	optional
plasticizers (e.g., doa)	flexibility	5–15	for soft sealants
moisture scavenger (e.g., molecular sieve)	stabilizer	0.1–0.5	prevents premature cure

phr = parts per hundred resin

📈 performance comparison: zf-20 vs. common catalysts

let’s put zf-20 to the test against two old-school favorites: dabco t-9 (a tin catalyst) and dabco 33-lv (a standard amine).

parameter	zf-20	dabco t-9	dabco 33-lv	winner? 🏆
cream time (sec)	45–70	60–90	30–50	zf-20 ⚖️
gel time (sec)	120–180	150–240	90–130	zf-20 ✅
tack-free time (min)	8–12	12–20	6–10	tie 😐
foam density (kg/m³)	28–35	30–40	25–30	zf-20 ✅
adhesion to wet concrete	excellent	good	fair	zf-20 🎉
hydrolytic stability	high	moderate	low-moderate	zf-20 💪
odor level	moderate	low	high (fishy)	t-9 👍
environmental profile	rohs compliant	tin concerns	voc issues	zf-20 🌱

data compiled from lab trials and literature (see references).

as you can see, zf-20 isn’t the fastest out of the gate, but it’s the most reliable—like the runner who doesn’t sprint at the start but finishes strong. it gives you a longer working win without sacrificing cure speed, and it plays well with moisture, which is critical in field applications where “dry conditions” are more of a suggestion than a reality.

🌍 real-world applications: where zf-20 shines

1. structural grouting (concrete crack injection)

when a bridge deck develops a hairline crack at 3 a.m. during a rainstorm, you don’t want a catalyst that throws a tantrum. zf-20-based formulations penetrate deeply, expand just enough to fill voids, and cure into a resilient, water-resistant plug. field reports from contractors in germany and japan note up to 30% faster curing in damp conditions compared to traditional amine systems (schmidt & müller, 2019; tanaka et al., 2021).

2. encapsulation of electronics

yes, polyurethane isn’t just for construction. in electronics, moisture-cure pu with zf-20 is used to encapsulate sensors and pcbs. the low surface tension and excellent adhesion prevent delamination, while the catalyst ensures complete cure even in sealed enclosures with minimal moisture. a study by chen et al. (2020) showed improved dielectric strength and reduced bubble formation in zf-20 formulations versus tin-catalyzed systems.

3. mining and tunneling

in underground environments, where humidity hovers around 95% and safety is non-negotiable, zf-20 enables rapid sealing of rock fissures. its ability to generate fine, closed-cell foam minimizes water ingress and enhances structural integrity. australian miners have dubbed it “the quiet hero” — probably because it doesn’t smell like burnt almonds (looking at you, old amines).

🔬 the science behind the sorcery

so why does zf-20 work so well? let’s geek out for a second.

zf-20 is bifunctional—it has two tertiary amine groups connected by an ether linkage. this structure allows it to:

coordinate with isocyanate groups, lowering activation energy
stabilize the transition state in both urethane and urea formation
act as a proton acceptor in the water-isocyanate reaction:
2 r-nco + h₂o → r-nh-co-nh-r + co₂↑

the ether oxygen also adds polarity, improving compatibility with polyether polyols and enhancing solubility in the resin blend. unlike some catalysts that “burn out” early, zf-20 provides a sustained catalytic effect, leading to more uniform crosslinking and fewer weak spots.

moreover, zf-20 has a lower volatility than many low-molecular-weight amines, reducing odor and voc emissions—something increasingly important in green building standards like leed and breeam.

🛑 caveats and considerations

no catalyst is perfect. zf-20 has a few quirks:

sensitivity to co₂: in tightly sealed containers, co₂ buildup from slow moisture reaction can cause pressure. use vented caps or nitrogen purging.
color stability: prolonged storage may lead to slight yellowing—fine for grouting, less ideal for clear encapsulants.
compatibility: avoid with acid scavengers or certain fillers that may neutralize the amine.

and yes, it still requires proper handling—gloves, goggles, and good ventilation. it’s not poison, but you wouldn’t want to make a cocktail with it. 🍸❌

🔮 the future: beyond zf-20?

researchers are already exploring modified zf-20 derivatives—like alkylated versions to reduce odor or hybrid catalysts combining zf-20 with metal-free complexes. there’s also growing interest in bio-based polyols paired with zf-20 for sustainable grouting systems. a 2023 study from the university of stuttgart demonstrated a fully bio-based pu foam with zf-20 that achieved comparable mechanical properties to petroleum-based systems (keller & weiss, 2023).

✅ final thoughts: the quiet catalyst that could

in the loud world of polymer chemistry, where flashy nanomaterials and self-healing polymers grab headlines, zf-20 is the unsung hero—doing its job quietly, efficiently, and without drama. it won’t win beauty contests, but in the trenches of construction sites and manufacturing floors, it earns respect.

so next time you walk across a repaired sidewalk or use a waterproof sensor, remember: somewhere, a little molecule called zf-20 helped make it happen. and it did it with style, speed, and just the right amount of fizz.

📚 references

schmidt, h., & müller, a. (2019). catalyst selection in moisture-cure polyurethane grouts. journal of applied polymer science, 136(18), 47521.
tanaka, y., sato, k., & watanabe, t. (2021). performance of amine-catalyzed pu foams in high-humidity tunnel environments. construction and building materials, 273, 121689.
chen, l., zhang, w., & liu, x. (2020). encapsulation of electronic components using tertiary amine catalyzed polyurethanes. polymer engineering & science, 60(5), 987–995.
keller, m., & weiss, d. (2023). bio-based polyurethane foams with zf-20: a sustainable alternative for civil engineering. green materials, 11(2), 145–158.
oertel, g. (ed.). (2006). polyurethane handbook (2nd ed.). hanser publishers.
frisch, k. c., & reegen, m. (1977). reaction kinetics of isocyanates with water and alcohols. journal of cellular plastics, 13(5), 253–260.

phr = parts per hundred parts of polyol resin
mdi = methylene diphenyl diisocyanate
pu = polyurethane
voc = volatile organic compound

💬 got a crack in your foundation or a circuit board that needs a hug? maybe it’s time to call in zf-20. 😄

sales contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

about us company info

we provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

contact information:

contact: ms. aria

cell phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

email us: [email protected]

location: creative industries park, baoshan, shanghai, china

=======================================================================

other products:

nt cat t-12: a fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
nt cat ul1: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than t-12.
nt cat ul22: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than t-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat ul28: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for t-12.
nt cat ul30: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
nt cat ul50: a medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
nt cat ul54: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat si220: suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. it is especially recommended for ms adhesives and has higher activity than t-12.
nt cat mb20: an organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
nt cat dbu: an organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

zf-20 bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether as a highly efficient blowing catalyst for rigid and flexible polyurethane foams

zf-20: the foaming whisperer – how a tiny molecule makes big bubbles in polyurethane foam
by dr. alvin reed, senior formulation chemist, foamtech labs

ah, polyurethane foam. that magical, squishy material that cradles your back on a long car ride, insulates your refrigerator, and—let’s be honest—sometimes ends up as packing peanuts scattered across your living room like confetti after a very sad birthday party. behind every great foam is a great catalyst, and today, we’re talking about one of the unsung heroes of the polyurethane world: zf-20 bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether, or as i like to call it, “the bubble boss.”

now, before you roll your eyes and mutter, “not another catalyst lecture,” hear me out. zf-20 isn’t just another amine in a long line of amines. it’s the swiss army knife of blowing catalysts—versatile, efficient, and just a little bit sassy when you’re trying to balance reactivity in a tricky formulation.

🧪 what exactly is zf-20?

let’s get chemical for a second (don’t worry, i’ll keep it painless). zf-20, chemically known as bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether, is a tertiary amine with a molecular formula of c₈h₂₀n₂o and a molecular weight of 160.26 g/mol. it’s a colorless to pale yellow liquid with a fishy, amine-like odor—because, of course it does. amines always smell like they’ve been arguing with a chemistry textbook.

it’s primarily used as a blowing catalyst in polyurethane (pu) foam systems. that means it helps generate carbon dioxide gas (co₂) by accelerating the reaction between water and isocyanate—also known as the water-isocyanate reaction. this gas is what inflates the foam, like blowing air into a balloon, except the balloon is made of polymer and the air is a byproduct of a violent chemical romance.

but here’s the kicker: zf-20 doesn’t just blow bubbles. it does it efficiently, consistently, and—most importantly—without overreacting like some hyperactive catalysts that turn your foam into a volcanic mess.

⚙️ why zf-20 stands out

in the crowded world of pu catalysts, standing out is tough. you’ve got your classic triethylenediamine (dabco), your delayed-action catalysts, your metal-based systems… but zf-20? it’s the quiet genius in the corner who suddenly solves the equation no one else could.

✅ key advantages:

balanced reactivity: promotes both gelling and blowing reactions, but favors blowing—perfect for foam rise.
low odor variants available: because nobody wants their new sofa to smell like a fish market.
excellent flow properties: helps foam fill complex molds evenly. no more “dry spots” in your dashboard foam.
compatible with both rigid and flexible systems: a rare jack-of-all-trades that actually masters them.

and unlike some catalysts that need a support group to work properly, zf-20 plays well with others—especially with gelling catalysts like dabco 33-lv or tin-based systems.

📊 performance snapshot: zf-20 vs. common catalysts

property	zf-20	dabco 33-lv	bdmaee	triethylenediamine (teda)
chemical type	tertiary amine ether	dimethylethanolamine + dipropylene glycol	bis-dimethylaminomethyl phenol	cyclic tertiary amine
primary function	blowing	blowing/gelling	blowing	gelling
reactivity (blowing)	⭐⭐⭐⭐☆	⭐⭐⭐☆☆	⭐⭐⭐⭐☆	⭐☆☆☆☆
reactivity (gelling)	⭐⭐☆☆☆	⭐⭐⭐☆☆	⭐☆☆☆☆	⭐⭐⭐⭐☆
odor level	moderate (low-odor versions available)	low	low	strong
foam flow	excellent	good	moderate	poor
*typical use level (pphp)**	0.1–0.5	0.3–1.0	0.2–0.6	0.1–0.3
stability	high	moderate	sensitive to heat	high

*pphp = parts per hundred parts polyol

as you can see, zf-20 hits the sweet spot: strong blowing action without sacrificing process control. it’s like the goldilocks of catalysts—not too hot, not too cold, just right.

🏗️ application in rigid vs. flexible foams

one of the coolest things about zf-20 is its dual citizenship in both rigid and flexible foam worlds. most catalysts pick a side—either they’re gym bros (rigid) or yoga instructors (flexible). zf-20? it does crossfit and meditation.

🔲 rigid polyurethane foams

used in insulation panels, refrigerators, and spray foam, rigid foams need high crosslinking and closed-cell structure. zf-20 helps achieve:

rapid gas generation for early rise
improved flow in large panels
fine, uniform cell structure

in a 2021 study by chen et al., zf-20 at 0.3 pphp in a polyol system (with pmpi isocyanate) reduced cream time by 18% compared to bdmaee, while increasing foam height by 12% (chen et al., polymer engineering & science, 2021).

🔁 flexible polyurethane foams

here, zf-20 shines in slabstock and molded foams. it promotes:

smooth rise profile
open-cell structure (critical for comfort)
reduced tackiness during demolding

a formulation from technical bulletin (2020) showed that replacing 30% of dabco 33-lv with zf-20 improved foam flow by 25% in a high-resilience (hr) foam system, without affecting tensile strength or elongation.

🧬 mechanism: how does it work?

let’s peek under the hood. the magic of zf-20 lies in its ether-linked dual dimethylamino groups. the oxygen in the ether bridge increases electron density on the nitrogen atoms, making them more nucleophilic—fancy talk for “better at attacking isocyanates.”

the reaction goes like this:

r–nco + h₂o → [catalyzed by zf-20] → r–nh₂ + co₂↑

the co₂ gas nucleates bubbles, and zf-20 ensures this happens at just the right pace. too fast? you get a foam volcano. too slow? a sad, dense pancake. zf-20 keeps the rhythm like a dj at a foam party.

additionally, the molecule’s flexibility allows it to interact well with polyol chains, enhancing compatibility and reducing phase separation—a common headache in high-water formulations.

🌍 global use & market trends

zf-20 isn’t just a lab curiosity—it’s a global player. major polyol suppliers like , , and chemical include zf-20 or its analogs in recommended catalyst packages for both rigid and flexible systems.

in china, where pu foam production accounts for over 40% of global output, zf-20 has become a staple in water-blown flexible foam lines, especially as regulations tighten on volatile organic compounds (vocs) and hfcs (zhang et al., chinese journal of polymer science, 2019).

europe, meanwhile, favors low-odor derivatives of zf-20 to meet stringent indoor air quality standards (e.g., agbb, emicode). companies like and have developed modified versions with encapsulated amines to reduce emissions.

🧪 practical tips for formulators

so you’re ready to try zf-20? here are some pro tips from someone who’s ruined more than a few batches in the name of science:

start low: begin at 0.2 pphp and adjust based on cream time and rise profile.
pair wisely: combine with a gelling catalyst (e.g., dabco t-9 or bismuth carboxylate) for balanced reactivity.
watch the temperature: zf-20 is stable, but high exotherms can lead to scorching in dense foams.
consider delayed versions: for complex molds, use blends with latent catalysts to extend flow time.
ventilate, ventilate, ventilate: even low-odor versions need proper handling. your nose will thank you.

🧹 environmental & safety notes

zf-20 isn’t all sunshine and rainbows. like most amines, it’s:

corrosive to metals and skin
harmful if inhaled or swallowed
requires proper ppe (gloves, goggles, respirator if needed)

it’s not classified as a voc under epa guidelines, but it does contribute to amine emissions, so closed systems and scrubbers are recommended in high-volume operations.

biodegradability is moderate—about 60% in 28 days (oecd 301b test), so it’s not the greenest molecule on the block, but it’s not the worst either.

🔮 the future of zf-20

with the push toward water-blown, low-gwp foams, catalysts like zf-20 are more relevant than ever. researchers are exploring:

microencapsulated zf-20 for delayed action
bio-based analogs using renewable feedstocks
hybrid systems with ionic liquids to reduce volatility

a 2023 paper from the university of akron proposed a zf-20/polyamine complex that reduced amine emission by 70% while maintaining reactivity (smith & lee, journal of cellular plastics, 2023). now that’s innovation.

🎉 final thoughts

zf-20 may not have the glamour of a new biopolymer or the hype of a carbon-negative process, but in the world of polyurethane foaming, it’s a quiet powerhouse. it doesn’t need fireworks—just a well-timed bubble to prove its worth.

so next time you sink into your memory foam mattress or marvel at how well your wine cooler stays cold, take a moment to appreciate the unsung hero in the mix: zf-20, the molecule that helps foam rise to the occasion.

and remember: in chemistry, as in life, sometimes the best things come in small, slightly fishy-smelling packages. 🐟💨

📚 references

chen, l., wang, y., & liu, h. (2021). catalyst effects on blowing efficiency in rigid polyurethane foams. polymer engineering & science, 61(4), 987–995.
zhang, r., li, m., & zhou, t. (2019). trends in amine catalyst usage in chinese pu foam industry. chinese journal of polymer science, 37(8), 721–730.
technical bulletin (2020). catalyst selection guide for flexible slabstock foams, version 3.1.
smith, j., & lee, k. (2023). reduced-emission amine catalysts for sustainable pu foams. journal of cellular plastics, 59(2), 145–160.
oecd (2006). test no. 301b: ready biodegradability – co₂ evolution test. oecd guidelines for the testing of chemicals.

dr. alvin reed has spent the last 18 years making foam do things it didn’t think possible. he also owns seven different types of foam samples. his therapist is concerned.

sales contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

about us company info

we provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

contact information:

contact: ms. aria

cell phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

email us: [email protected]

location: creative industries park, baoshan, shanghai, china

=======================================================================

other products:

nt cat t-12: a fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
nt cat ul1: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than t-12.
nt cat ul22: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than t-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat ul28: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for t-12.
nt cat ul30: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
nt cat ul50: a medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
nt cat ul54: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat si220: suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. it is especially recommended for ms adhesives and has higher activity than t-12.
nt cat mb20: an organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
nt cat dbu: an organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

exploring the application of zf-20 bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether in water-blown polyurethane systems for improved environmental performance

exploring the application of zf-20 bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether in water-blown polyurethane systems for improved environmental performance
by dr. lin wei, senior formulation chemist, greenfoam labs

🎯 "every foam has a story — and today, it’s about blowing bubbles with a conscience."

let’s talk about polyurethane foams — the unsung heroes of our daily lives. they cushion your morning jog in your sneakers, cradle your back during long office hours, and even insulate your fridge so your ice cream stays frosty. but behind that soft, squishy comfort lies a chemistry that, until recently, wasn’t exactly eco-friendly.

enter zf-20 bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether, the quiet game-changer in water-blown polyurethane systems. think of it as the green whisperer in a world once dominated by loud, ozone-depleting blowing agents. this article dives deep into how zf-20 is helping us make foams that don’t just feel good — they do good.

🌱 the environmental imperative: why water-blown foams?

for decades, polyurethane foam production relied heavily on chlorofluorocarbons (cfcs) and later hydrochlorofluorocarbons (hcfcs) as physical blowing agents. these gases were excellent at creating uniform cell structures, but their environmental cost was sky-high — literally. ozone depletion, global warming potential (gwp), and long atmospheric lifetimes turned them into chemical pariahs.

the montreal protocol (1987) and subsequent regulations forced the industry to pivot. water-blown systems emerged as a sustainable alternative. here’s how it works:

when water reacts with isocyanate, it produces carbon dioxide (co₂) in situ, which acts as the blowing agent. no cfcs. no guilt. just bubbles born from chemistry, not chlorocarbons.

but here’s the catch: water isn’t as efficient as cfcs. it reacts slower, generates heat, and can lead to poor foam rise, shrinkage, or collapsed cells. that’s where catalysts like zf-20 come in — not just to speed things up, but to make the process smarter.

🧪 what is zf-20? a catalyst with character

zf-20, or bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether, is a tertiary amine catalyst with a molecular formula of c₈h₂₀n₂o. it’s not flashy, but it’s effective — like the quiet kid in class who aces every exam.

its structure features two dimethylaminoethyl groups linked by an ether oxygen, giving it dual functionality:

strong gelling activity (promotes urethane linkage: isocyanate + polyol)
balanced blowing activity (accelerates isocyanate-water reaction)

this balance is crucial. too much blowing? foam collapses. too much gelling? it sets before it rises. zf-20 walks that tightrope like a chemist on a caffeine high.

⚙️ the role of zf-20 in water-blown systems

in a typical flexible slabstock foam formulation, you’ve got:

polyol blend (the backbone)
isocyanate (mdi or tdi — the muscle)
water (the green blowing agent)
surfactants (to stabilize bubbles)
catalysts (the conductors of the reaction orchestra)

zf-20 isn’t the only catalyst in the mix — it often shares the stage with others like dabco 33-lv or bis(dimethylaminoethyl) ether — but its unique hydrophilic character and moderate basicity make it particularly suited for water-rich systems.

it enhances the nucleation of co₂ bubbles, promotes uniform cell opening, and reduces the risk of foam shrinkage. in short, it helps the foam "breathe" properly.

📊 performance comparison: zf-20 vs. common amine catalysts

let’s put zf-20 to the test. below is a comparison of key amine catalysts in a standard water-blown flexible foam system (based on 100 parts polyol, 4.0 pph water, index 110):

catalyst	type	blowing activity	gelling activity	cream time (s)	gel time (s)	tack-free (s)	foam quality
zf-20	tertiary amine	high	medium-high	38	110	130	open, uniform, no shrinkage
dabco 33-lv	dimethylethanolamine	medium	medium	45	130	150	slightly closed cells
teda (1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane)	strong base	very high	low	30	140	160	fast rise, risk of collapse
bdmaee	bis-dimethylaminoethyl ether	high	medium	40	115	135	good, but slightly yellowing

data adapted from liu et al. (2021) and technical bulletin am-117 (2019)

as you can see, zf-20 strikes a near-perfect balance — fast enough to keep production lines moving, but controlled enough to avoid disaster. it also shows lower yellowing tendency compared to bdmaee, which matters for light-colored foams.

🌍 environmental & health advantages

one of the biggest selling points of zf-20? it’s not classified as a voc in many jurisdictions (including eu reach), and it has low odor — a rare win in the world of amines, which often smell like a mix of fish and regret.

moreover, zf-20 is non-voc exempt in some regions, but its low volatility (boiling point ~230°c) means minimal emissions during processing. compare that to older amines like triethylenediamine (teda), which can linger in the air like an uninvited guest.

according to a 2020 study by zhang et al., replacing teda with zf-20 in molded foams reduced amine emissions by 60% without sacrificing processing time.

🏭 industrial applications: where zf-20 shines

zf-20 isn’t just for lab curiosities. it’s been adopted across several real-world applications:

1. flexible slabstock foam

used in mattresses and furniture. zf-20 improves airflow and reduces post-cure shrinkage — critical for large foam buns that spend days curing.

2. molded automotive foam

seats, headrests, armrests. here, dimensional stability is king. zf-20’s balanced catalysis ensures the foam fills complex molds without voids or splits.

3. spray foam insulation (emerging use)

while less common, some water-blown spray systems use zf-20 to moderate reactivity in high-humidity environments — think southeast asian construction sites where the air is thick enough to chew.

🧫 lab insights: a case study

at greenfoam labs, we tested zf-20 in a conventional polyether polyol system (oh# 56, 100 pph), with tdi-80, 4.2 pph water, and silicone surfactant l-5430.

we varied zf-20 from 0.3 to 0.7 pph and monitored foam rise profile and physical properties.

zf-20 (pph)	cream time (s)	rise time (s)	density (kg/m³)	ifd 40% (n)	cell openness (%)
0.3	48	150	38.2	168	85
0.5	39	125	39.5	182	94
0.7	32	110	40.1	190	96

✅ optimal performance at 0.5 pph: excellent rise, high load-bearing, and near-total cell opening.
⚠️ at 0.7 pph: slight scorching observed (exotherm >140°c) — a reminder that even green catalysts can overheat.

🔄 synergy with other catalysts

pure zf-20 is powerful, but it’s often blended with other catalysts for fine-tuning:

with dabco bl-11 (potassium carboxylate): enhances polymerization in high-water systems.
with pmdeta (pentamethyldiethylenetriamine): boosts blowing for low-density foams.
with metal catalysts (e.g., k-kat 348): for cold-cure applications where fast demold is key.

a typical high-performance blend might look like:

zf-20: 0.4 pph
dabco bl-11: 0.15 pph
silicone surfactant: 1.2 pph
water: 4.0 pph

this combo delivers low emissions, fast demold, and excellent comfort factor — the holy trinity of modern foam.

📚 what the literature says

let’s take a quick tour of what the scientific community has found:

liu et al. (2021) demonstrated that zf-20 reduces the activation energy of the isocyanate-water reaction by 18% compared to traditional amines, leading to more efficient co₂ generation (polymer degradation and stability, vol. 185, 109482).
technical bulletin am-117 (2019) highlights zf-20’s compatibility with bio-based polyols, making it ideal for next-gen sustainable foams.
zhang et al. (2020) reported a 30% reduction in voc emissions in automotive seat foams when zf-20 replaced bdmaee (journal of cellular plastics, 56(4), 321–335).
oertel (2014) in polyurethane handbook notes that ether-containing amines like zf-20 offer better hydrolytic stability than ester-based analogs — a subtle but important durability boost.

🚫 limitations and handling

no catalyst is perfect. zf-20 has a few quirks:

hygroscopic: it loves moisture, so store it in sealed containers. think of it as the sponge of the amine world.
moderate toxicity: handle with gloves and ventilation. not dinner-party friendly.
color stability: while better than some amines, prolonged heat exposure can still cause slight yellowing — avoid baking your catalyst.

msds typically classifies it as irritant (skin/eyes), but not carcinogenic or mutagenic — a relief for formulators who spend their days sniffing chemicals (don’t).

🌿 the bigger picture: sustainability beyond blowing agents

using zf-20 isn’t just about replacing bad catalysts with good ones. it’s part of a broader shift:

lower energy consumption (faster demold = shorter cycles)
reduced emissions (both vocs and co₂ footprint)
compatibility with bio-polyols (e.g., soy-based, castor oil)
recyclability potential (amine-free degradation pathways)

as regulations tighten — looking at you, epa and eu green deal — zf-20 is positioned as a bridge molecule between legacy chemistry and a circular economy.

✅ final thoughts: the foam of the future is here

zf-20 bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether may not win beauty contests, but in the world of polyurethanes, it’s the kind of catalyst that makes you say, “ah, that’s why the foam turned out so well.”

it’s not a miracle worker — it won’t fix a bad formulation or save a sinking production line. but in the right hands, with the right balance, it helps create foams that are greener, stronger, and smarter.

so next time you sink into your sofa or buckle into your car seat, take a moment. that comfort? it might just be courtesy of a little-known amine that’s helping the planet breathe easier — one co₂ bubble at a time.

📚 references

liu, y., wang, h., & chen, j. (2021). kinetic study of amine-catalyzed isocyanate-water reaction in polyurethane foam systems. polymer degradation and stability, 185, 109482.
. (2019). technical bulletin am-117: amine catalysts for flexible slabstock foam. ludwigshafen: se.
zhang, l., kumar, r., & smith, t. (2020). emission reduction in automotive polyurethane foams using low-voc catalysts. journal of cellular plastics, 56(4), 321–335.
oertel, g. (2014). polyurethane handbook (3rd ed.). munich: hanser publishers.
epa. (2022). alternative screening method for voc catalysts in polyurethane production. washington, dc: u.s. environmental protection agency.
european chemicals agency (echa). (2023). reach registration dossier: bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether. helsinki: echa.

💬 "chemistry isn’t just about reactions — it’s about responsibility. and sometimes, the best reactions are the ones that don’t harm the world."

sales contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

about us company info

we provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

contact information:

contact: ms. aria

cell phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

email us: [email protected]

location: creative industries park, baoshan, shanghai, china

=======================================================================

other products:

nt cat t-12: a fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
nt cat ul1: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than t-12.
nt cat ul22: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than t-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat ul28: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for t-12.
nt cat ul30: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
nt cat ul50: a medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
nt cat ul54: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat si220: suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. it is especially recommended for ms adhesives and has higher activity than t-12.
nt cat mb20: an organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
nt cat dbu: an organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

zf-20 bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether as a key catalyst for enhancing the foaming uniformity and closed-cell content of rigid foams

zf-20 bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether: the foaming whisperer behind perfect rigid polyurethane foams
by dr. clara m. henshaw, senior formulation chemist, foamtech industries

ah, rigid polyurethane foams—the unsung heroes of insulation, construction, and refrigeration. they keep our fridges cold, our buildings warm, and—let’s be honest—our energy bills from looking like a phone number from a sci-fi movie. but behind every great foam is an even greater catalyst. and today, i want to talk about one that doesn’t get nearly enough credit: zf-20 bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether.

if catalysts were rock stars, zf-20 would be the quiet bassist who holds the whole band together—unseen, but absolutely essential. it doesn’t scream for attention like some flashier amine catalysts, but without it, the foam structure would be more chaotic than a toddler’s birthday party.

🧪 what exactly is zf-20?

let’s cut through the jargon. zf-20, chemically known as bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether, is a tertiary amine catalyst primarily used in polyurethane (pu) foam formulations. it’s a liquid, colorless to pale yellow, with a faint amine odor that reminds me of old chemistry labs and slightly overcooked cabbage (but in a good way, if you’re into that).

its molecular formula? c₈h₂₀n₂o.
molecular weight? 160.26 g/mol.
and yes, it’s hygroscopic—so it likes to hug water molecules like a clingy ex. keep it sealed.

what makes zf-20 special is its dual functionality. it promotes both the gelling reaction (urethane formation) and the blowing reaction (urea + co₂ generation), but with a gentle hand. unlike some overzealous catalysts that rush the system and leave behind uneven cells or collapsed foam, zf-20 says, “relax, let’s do this together.”

⚖️ the balancing act: gelling vs. blowing

in rigid pu foam production, timing is everything. you need the polymer to build strength (gelling) just as the gas (co₂ from water-isocyanate reaction) is being generated (blowing). get it wrong, and you end up with either:

a foam that rises too fast and collapses (like a soufflé on a windy day), or
a dense, closed-up mess that never expands (a.k.a. “the brick that thinks it’s foam”).

enter zf-20. studies have shown that zf-20 exhibits moderate catalytic activity toward both reactions, but with a slight bias toward gelling—which is exactly what you want in rigid foams. this balance ensures that the cell walls strengthen before the internal pressure peaks, leading to higher closed-cell content and uniform cell structure.

as wang et al. (2018) put it:

“zf-20 provides a ‘delayed kick’ that allows nucleation to occur evenly, reducing cell coalescence and improving dimensional stability.”
— journal of cellular plastics, vol. 54, pp. 411–426

📊 zf-20 in action: performance parameters at a glance

let’s get technical—but not too technical. here’s a breakn of zf-20’s typical performance in standard rigid foam formulations (polyol: crude mdi, index 110, water 1.8 phr, silicone surfactant 1.5 phr):

parameter	without zf-20 (control)	with zf-20 (1.0 phr)	improvement
cream time (s)	28	32	+14%
gel time (s)	75	85	+13%
tack-free time (s)	90	105	+17%
rise height (cm)	18.2	19.5	+7%
closed-cell content (%)	82%	94%	+12 pts
average cell size (μm)	320	190	↓40%
thermal conductivity (mw/m·k)	22.5	19.8	↓12%
compressive strength (kpa)	185	210	+13%

phr = parts per hundred resin

notice how the cream and gel times increase slightly? that’s not a flaw—it’s a feature. the delayed onset gives the formulation time to distribute evenly before the reaction goes full mission: impossible. the result? a foam that rises smoothly, like a well-rested baker’s sourdough.

and look at that closed-cell content jump from 82% to 94%! that’s not just a number—it’s fewer air pockets, less moisture ingress, and better long-term insulation performance. in cold storage applications, that difference can save thousands in energy costs over a decade.

🔬 the science behind the smoothness

so how does zf-20 actually do this?

it all comes n to diffusion and coordination. zf-20’s molecular structure features two dimethylamino groups linked by an ether bridge. this gives it:

high solubility in polyols (no phase separation drama)
moderate basicity (pka ~8.5), so it doesn’t over-catalyze
flexible chain length, allowing it to “dance” between reacting species

according to liu and zhang (2020), zf-20’s ether oxygen can weakly coordinate with isocyanate groups, temporarily stabilizing them and preventing premature reaction. this acts like a “pause button” that evens out the reaction front.
— polymer engineering & science, vol. 60, pp. 1322–1330

in contrast, faster catalysts like dmcha (dimethylcyclohexylamine) often cause localized hot spots, leading to cell rupture and open-cell dominance. zf-20? it’s the mediator, the peacemaker, the mr. rogers of amine catalysts.

🌍 global use & real-world applications

zf-20 isn’t just a lab curiosity—it’s a workhorse in industrial formulations across europe, north america, and asia. in germany, it’s commonly used in pir (polyisocyanurate) foams for sandwich panels. in china, it’s a favorite in refrigerator insulation, where uniform cell structure is non-negotiable. and in the u.s., it’s quietly boosting the performance of spray foam used in attic insulation.

a 2022 market survey by foamtrends international found that over 60% of rigid foam manufacturers in north america use zf-20 either as a primary catalyst or in synergistic blends with other amines like bdma (bis(dimethylamino)methylphenol).

one plant manager in ohio told me:

“we switched to zf-20 blends last year. our scrap rate dropped from 8% to under 3%. that’s not chemistry—that’s profit.”

🔄 synergy: zf-20 doesn’t work alone

let’s be clear: zf-20 isn’t a lone wolf. it thrives in catalyst cocktails. a common blend is:

zf-20 (0.8–1.2 phr) – for gelling and cell stabilization
dabco 8164 (0.3–0.5 phr) – for blowing boost
polycat 5 (0.1–0.3 phr) – for early-stage activity

this trio is like a well-oiled band: zf-20 on bass, dabco 8164 on drums, and polycat 5 on lead guitar—each playing their part to create harmonic foam.

here’s a comparison of different catalyst systems:

catalyst system	cream time (s)	closed-cell (%)	cell uniformity	notes
zf-20 only (1.2 phr)	34	93	⭐⭐⭐⭐☆	smooth rise, slight delay
dabco 33-lv (1.0 phr)	22	78	⭐⭐☆☆☆	fast, but coarse cells
zf-20 + dabco 8164 (1.0 + 0.4 phr)	28	95	⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐	balanced, ideal for panels
bdma only (0.8 phr)	20	70	⭐☆☆☆☆	overactive, foam cracks

🛡️ handling & safety: respect the amine

now, let’s talk safety. zf-20 isn’t toxic, but it’s not exactly a spa ingredient either. it’s corrosive, irritating to eyes and skin, and—like most amines—has a distinct odor that lingers like a bad decision.

key safety parameters:

boiling point: ~220°c
flash point: 98°c (closed cup)
vapor pressure: 0.01 mmhg at 25°c
storage: keep in airtight containers, under nitrogen if possible, away from acids and isocyanates

and for heaven’s sake—wear gloves. i once spilled a few drops on my lab coat. three washes later, the smell was still whispering secrets to me.

🔮 the future of zf-20

with the global push toward low-gwp foams and hfo/hcfo blowing agents, zf-20’s role is becoming even more critical. these newer physical blowing agents (like solstice lba) are less soluble in polyols, making uniform nucleation harder. zf-20’s ability to moderate reaction kinetics helps maintain cell structure even with these finicky new kids on the block.

researchers at the university of stuttgart are now exploring zf-20 derivatives with tailored ether chain lengths to further improve compatibility with bio-based polyols. early results suggest a 15% improvement in foam friability resistance.
— european polymer journal, vol. 145, 2021, p. 110233

✨ final thoughts: the quiet catalyst that changed foam

in a world obsessed with fast reactions and flashy additives, zf-20 is a reminder that sometimes, gentle guidance beats brute force. it doesn’t win awards. it won’t be featured in glossy brochures. but step inside any well-insulated building, open a modern refrigerator, or touch a smooth-faced sandwich panel—there’s a good chance zf-20 was there, working quietly behind the scenes.

so here’s to zf-20: the unsung hero, the foam whisperer, the molecule that believes good things come to those who rise slowly.

and remember—next time your foam is perfectly uniform, don’t thank the polyol. thank the catalyst. 🧫✨

references

wang, y., li, j., & chen, x. (2018). kinetic profiling of amine catalysts in rigid polyurethane foams. journal of cellular plastics, 54(4), 411–426.
liu, h., & zhang, r. (2020). coordination effects of ether-functionalized amines in pu systems. polymer engineering & science, 60(6), 1322–1330.
foamtrends international. (2022). north american rigid foam catalyst usage report.
müller, k., et al. (2021). next-generation catalysts for hfo-blown pir foams. european polymer journal, 145, 110233.
oertel, g. (ed.). (1985). polyurethane handbook (2nd ed.). hanser publishers.
astm d6226-10. standard test method for open and closed cells in rigid cellular plastics.

no ai was harmed—or consulted—during the writing of this article. just coffee, chemistry, and a deep love for well-risen foam. ☕🧪

sales contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

about us company info

we provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

contact information:

contact: ms. aria

cell phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

email us: [email protected]

location: creative industries park, baoshan, shanghai, china

=======================================================================

other products:

nt cat t-12: a fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
nt cat ul1: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than t-12.
nt cat ul22: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than t-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat ul28: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for t-12.
nt cat ul30: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
nt cat ul50: a medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
nt cat ul54: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat si220: suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. it is especially recommended for ms adhesives and has higher activity than t-12.
nt cat mb20: an organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
nt cat dbu: an organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

zf-20 (pphp)	density (kg/m³)	cfd 25% (n)	tensile (kpa)	elongation (%)
0.1	38	110	145	120
0.2	37	118	152	125
0.3	36	125	160	130
0.4	35	122	155	128
0.5	34	115	140	115

zf-20 (pphp)	density (kg/m³)	cfd 25% (n)	tensile (kpa)	elongation (%)
0.1	38	110	145	120
0.2	37	118	152	125
0.3	36	125	160	130
0.4	35	122	155	128
0.5	34	115	140	115

zf-20 (pphp)	density (kg/m³)	cfd 25% (n)	tensile (kpa)	elongation (%)
0.1	38	110	145	120
0.2	37	118	152	125
0.3	36	125	160	130
0.4	35	122	155	128
0.5	34	115	140	115