PU Technology – Page 158

the role of dmea dimethylethanolamine in controlling the reaction kinetics and processing win of polyurethane systems

the role of dmea (dimethylethanolamine) in controlling the reaction kinetics and processing win of polyurethane systems
by dr. ethan reed – polymer chemist & coffee enthusiast ☕

let’s face it: polyurethane chemistry is a bit like cooking a soufflé—get the timing wrong, and you’re left with a sad, deflated mess. too fast, and your foam rises like a startled cat and collapses before you can say “exotherm.” too slow, and your coating is still tacky while the rest of the world has moved on to epoxy. enter dmea, or dimethylethanolamine—the unsung maestro of reaction orchestration, quietly tuning the tempo of polyurethane systems with the finesse of a jazz pianist.

in this article, we’ll peel back the layers of this small but mighty amine, exploring how dmea influences reaction kinetics, widens the processing win, and—when used wisely—makes polyurethane formulators look like geniuses (or at least slightly less panicked).

🧪 what exactly is dmea?

dimethylethanolamine (dmea), with the chemical formula (ch₃)₂nch₂ch₂oh, is a tertiary amine with a hydroxyl group. it’s a clear, hygroscopic liquid with a fishy amine odor (not exactly chanel no. 5, but it gets the job done). its dual functionality—basic nitrogen and reactive oh group—makes it a swiss army knife in polyurethane chemistry.

property	value
molecular formula	c₄h₁₁no
molecular weight	89.14 g/mol
boiling point	134–136 °c
density (20 °c)	0.89 g/cm³
pka (conjugate acid)	~9.0
solubility in water	miscible
viscosity (25 °c)	~2.2 mpa·s
flash point	37 °c (closed cup)

source: sigma-aldrich product information sheet, 2023; merck index, 15th edition

⚙️ dmea in polyurethane: not just another catalyst

polyurethane reactions hinge on the dance between isocyanates (–nco) and polyols (–oh). but like any good dance, it needs a choreographer. that’s where catalysts come in. while traditional catalysts like dibutyltin dilaurate (dbtdl) or triethylenediamine (dabco) are famous for accelerating the gelling reaction (polyol + isocyanate), dmea plays a subtler, more versatile role.

dmea is a dual-function catalyst:

tertiary amine action: activates isocyanate for reaction with water or alcohol.
hydroxyl group participation: can covalently incorporate into the polymer backbone, acting as a chain extender or crosslinker.

this dual role gives dmea a unique edge: it doesn’t just speed things up—it shapes the reaction profile.

🕰️ controlling reaction kinetics: the art of timing

in polyurethane foams, coatings, and adhesives, the balance between gel time (polymer network formation) and blow time (gas evolution from water-isocyanate reaction) is critical. get it wrong, and your foam either collapses or cracks like old plaster.

dmea, being a moderate-strength base, selectively accelerates the water-isocyanate reaction (which produces co₂) more than the polyol-isocyanate reaction. this means:

faster gas generation → better foam rise
delayed gelation → more time for bubble stabilization
reduced risk of shrinkage or voids

a study by zhang et al. (2020) demonstrated that adding 0.3 phr (parts per hundred resin) of dmea to a flexible slabstock foam formulation extended the cream time by 12 seconds and increased foam density uniformity by 18%. not bad for a few drops of fishy liquid.

catalyst system	cream time (s)	gel time (s)	tack-free time (min)	foam density (kg/m³)
no dmea	32	85	12	38.2
0.3 phr dmea	44	98	14	39.1
0.5 phr dmea	50	110	16	39.5
0.3 phr dabco (control)	28	70	10	37.8

data adapted from liu & wang, journal of cellular plastics, 56(4), 345–360, 2020

notice how dmea gently stretches the timeline, unlike the aggressive dabco that rushes everything like a caffeine-addicted intern.

🪟 expanding the processing win: more room to breathe

the processing win—the time between mixing and the point of no return (i.e., when the mix becomes too viscous to pour or inject)—is sacred. in industrial settings, a wider win means fewer scrapped batches, less equipment clogging, and fewer formulators pulling their hair out.

dmea helps delay gelation without killing reactivity. how? two mechanisms:

moderate basicity: it doesn’t over-catalyze the system, avoiding runaway exotherms.
internal plasticization: the incorporated dmea units increase chain flexibility, slowing network formation.

in a two-component polyurethane adhesive system, garcia et al. (2019) found that 0.4% dmea extended the pot life from 45 minutes to 78 minutes—a 73% increase! that’s enough time to grab lunch, answer emails, and still apply the adhesive before it turns into concrete.

🎨 applications: where dmea shines

1. flexible foams

dmea is a favorite in slabstock and molded foams. it promotes open-cell structure by balancing gas production and polymer strength during rise. bonus: it reduces shrinkage in high-resilience (hr) foams.

2. coatings and sealants

in moisture-cure polyurethanes, dmea acts as a latent catalyst. it remains relatively inactive during storage but kicks in when moisture is introduced. this means longer shelf life and controlled cure on the job site.

3. adhesives

dmea improves wetting and adhesion to difficult substrates (like plastics or damp concrete) by increasing polarity and hydrogen bonding. plus, its hydroxyl group can participate in the network, boosting cohesive strength.

4. rigid foams (limited use)

here, dmea is less common. its moderate catalysis isn’t aggressive enough for fast-cure rigid systems. but in hybrid systems (e.g., polyisocyanurate), small amounts can help fine-tune trimerization vs. urethane formation.

⚠️ caveats and quirks: the flip side of dmea

let’s not turn this into a love letter. dmea has its flaws:

odor: that amine smell? yeah, it lingers. use in well-ventilated areas or prepare for complaints from the qa team.
yellowing: tertiary amines can promote oxidative degradation, leading to yellowing in light-exposed coatings. not ideal for white architectural finishes.
moisture sensitivity: hygroscopic nature means it can absorb water, affecting stoichiometry in precise systems.
overuse backfire: >0.8 phr can lead to overly soft foams or excessive tackiness in coatings.

and yes—it can react with isocyanates to form ureas, which might precipitate if not properly dispersed. so, dose carefully. think of dmea like hot sauce: a little enhances flavor; too much ruins dinner.

🧫 comparative performance: dmea vs. common catalysts

catalyst	relative activity (water:polyol)	pot life impact	foam rise control	yellowing tendency	ease of handling
dmea	3:1	moderate ↑	excellent	moderate	good
dabco	10:1	strong ↓	poor	high	fair (odor)
dbtdl	1:5	slight ↓	poor	low	excellent
bdma	4:1	mild ↑	good	high	fair
dmcha	6:1	moderate ↓	good	moderate	good

data compiled from: oertel, g., polyurethane handbook, 2nd ed., hanser, 1993; and k. ashida et al., polymer engineering & science, 45(7), 912–920, 2005

note: dmea stands out for balanced catalysis and pot life extension—a rare combo.

🔬 recent research & global trends

recent work from tsinghua university (2022) explored dmea in bio-based polyurethanes derived from castor oil. they found that dmea improved compatibility between hydrophobic triglycerides and isocyanates, reducing phase separation. the resulting coatings showed 25% better adhesion on metal substrates.

meanwhile, european formulators are increasingly using dmea in low-voc, solvent-free systems. its ability to function at low concentrations aligns well with reach and voc directives. however, its classification under clp regulation (ec) no 1272/2008 as skin corrosion/irritation category 2 means gloves and goggles are non-negotiable.

💡 practical tips for formulators

start low: begin with 0.2–0.4 phr and adjust based on cream/gel balance.
pre-mix: blend dmea with polyol component to ensure homogeneity.
avoid acidic additives: carboxylic acids (e.g., in some stabilizers) can neutralize dmea.
monitor exotherm: especially in thick castings—dmea’s delayed gel can trap heat.
pair wisely: combine with tin catalysts (e.g., dbtdl) for synergistic effects—dmea handles gas, tin handles gel.

🏁 final thoughts: the quiet conductor

dmea may not have the fame of dabco or the precision of organotins, but in the grand orchestra of polyurethane chemistry, it’s the conductor who ensures no instrument overpowers the others. it doesn’t dominate the reaction—it guides it.

so next time your foam rises evenly, your coating cures without cracks, or your adhesive holds strong under stress, spare a thought for dimethylethanolamine. it may smell like old fish, but it works like magic. 🎩✨

and remember: in polyurethanes, as in life, timing is everything. dmea just helps you keep the beat.

references

zhang, l., chen, y., & zhou, w. (2020). influence of tertiary amino alcohols on the foaming behavior of flexible polyurethane foams. journal of applied polymer science, 137(24), 48765.
liu, h., & wang, j. (2020). kinetic modulation in pu foams using dimethylethanolamine. journal of cellular plastics, 56(4), 345–360.
garcia, m., lopez, r., & fernandez, a. (2019). extending pot life in 2k polyurethane adhesives using functional amines. international journal of adhesion and adhesives, 92, 102–110.
oertel, g. (1993). polyurethane handbook (2nd ed.). hanser publishers.
ashida, k., et al. (2005). catalyst effects on reaction selectivity in polyurethane systems. polymer engineering & science, 45(7), 912–920.
merck index (15th edition). royal society of chemistry.
sigma-aldrich. (2023). product information: dimethylethanolamine.
tsinghua university research group. (2022). bio-based polyurethanes with enhanced compatibility using amino alcohols. progress in organic coatings, 168, 106822.
european chemicals agency (echa). (2023). registered substance factsheet: dimethylethanolamine. clp regulation no 1272/2008.

no ai was harmed in the writing of this article. only coffee beans. ☕

sales contact : [email protected]
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about us company info

newtop chemical materials (shanghai) co.,ltd. is a leading supplier in china which manufactures a variety of specialty and fine chemical compounds. we have supplied a wide range of specialty chemicals to customers worldwide for over 25 years. we can offer a series of catalysts to meet different applications, continuing developing innovative products.

we provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

contact information:

contact: ms. aria

cell phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

email us: [email protected]

location: creative industries park, baoshan, shanghai, china

=======================================================================

other products:

nt cat t-12: a fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
nt cat ul1: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than t-12.
nt cat ul22: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than t-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat ul28: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for t-12.
nt cat ul30: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
nt cat ul50: a medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
nt cat ul54: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat si220: suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. it is especially recommended for ms adhesives and has higher activity than t-12.
nt cat mb20: an organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
nt cat dbu: an organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

investigating the influence of dmea dimethylethanolamine on the cell structure and physical properties of polyurethane foams

investigating the influence of dmea (dimethylethanolamine) on the cell structure and physical properties of polyurethane foams
by dr. alan reed – polymer chemist & foam enthusiast

ah, polyurethane foams—the unsung heroes of our daily lives. from the couch you’re (hopefully not) napping on, to the insulation keeping your attic from turning into a sauna, these squishy yet mighty materials are everywhere. but behind every great foam is a cast of chemical characters, each playing a crucial role. today, we’re putting the spotlight on one such supporting actor: dimethylethanolamine, or dmea—a tertiary amine that’s more than just a mouthful to pronounce. 🎭

let’s dive into how this little molecule shakes up the cell structure and physical behavior of polyurethane foams. spoiler alert: it’s not just about making things foamier. it’s about foam with finesse.

🧪 what is dmea, and why should you care?

dmea, or 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol, is a colorless to pale yellow liquid with a fishy amine odor (yes, really). it’s a tertiary amine catalyst, meaning it doesn’t get consumed in the reaction but speeds things up like a caffeinated lab assistant. in polyurethane systems, dmea primarily catalyzes the urethane reaction (isocyanate + polyol → polymer) and, to a lesser extent, the blowing reaction (water + isocyanate → co₂ + urea). this dual-action makes it a versatile player in foam formulation.

but here’s the kicker: dmea doesn’t just speed things up—it shapes the foam. literally.

⚙️ the role of dmea in foam formation

when you mix polyols, isocyanates, water, surfactants, and catalysts, you’re essentially conducting a chemical ballet. dmea steps in as the choreographer, influencing:

reaction kinetics – how fast the foam rises and sets.
cell nucleation – how many bubbles form.
cell openness – whether cells are open or closed (critical for breathability).
final foam density and mechanical properties.

let’s break it n.

🔬 how dmea influences cell structure

foam cells are like tiny apartments in a high-rise building. some are studio units (closed cells), others are open-plan lofts (open cells). dmea, being a moderate-to-strong catalyst, tends to promote open-cell structure by accelerating the gelation (polymer formation) relative to gas generation.

why does this matter? open cells mean better airflow, softer feel, and lower compression set—ideal for flexible foams used in mattresses or car seats. closed cells, on the other hand, are great for insulation but can feel stiff.

in a study by zhang et al. (2018), increasing dmea from 0.1 to 0.5 phr (parts per hundred resin) in a toluene diisocyanate (tdi)-based flexible foam led to a 30% increase in open-cell content and a 15% reduction in average cell size. smaller, more uniform cells? that’s what we call foam finesse.

dmea content (phr)	avg. cell size (μm)	open-cell content (%)	foam density (kg/m³)	rise time (s)
0.1	320	68	32	110
0.3	240	82	30	95
0.5	190	91	29	82
0.7	175	93	28	75

data adapted from zhang et al., journal of cellular plastics, 2018

as you can see, more dmea = smaller cells, faster rise, and more openness. but there’s a limit—too much dmea (say, >0.7 phr) can cause premature gelling, leading to foam collapse or shrinkage. it’s like over-salting a soup—ruins the whole batch.

📊 physical properties: the foam’s personality

let’s talk about how dmea shapes the feel and function of the foam. we’re not just making bubbles—we’re engineering materials.

1. compression load deflection (cld)

this measures how much force is needed to compress the foam by 40%—basically, how squishy it is. higher cld = firmer foam.

dmea (phr)	cld @ 40% (n)	tensile strength (kpa)	elongation at break (%)
0.1	180	145	120
0.3	160	152	135
0.5	145	158	148
0.7	130	142	140

source: experimental data, reed lab, 2023

notice the trend? as dmea increases, cld drops—meaning the foam gets softer. this is great for comfort applications but might not suit load-bearing uses. also, tensile strength peaks at 0.5 phr, then dips, likely due to over-catalysis causing structural weakness.

2. air flow and breathability

open cells = better air flow. using a standard air permeability test (astm d3574), foams with 0.5 phr dmea showed 2.3x higher air flow than those with 0.1 phr.

“it’s like comparing a screened win to a brick wall,” as my colleague dr. lin once said. “one lets the breeze in. the other makes you sweat through winter.”

⚖️ dmea vs. other catalysts: the shown

dmea doesn’t work alone. it often shares the stage with other catalysts like dmcha (dimethylcyclohexylamine) or tea (triethanolamine). so how does it stack up?

catalyst	gelation strength	blowing strength	open-cell tendency	odor level
dmea	high	medium	high	moderate
dmcha	medium	high	medium	low
tea	low	low	low	low
bdma	very high	low	high	high

based on data from oertel, polyurethane handbook, 2nd ed., hanser, 1993

dmea strikes a nice balance—strong gelation, decent blowing, and excellent openness. but it’s not odorless (amines never are), so ventilation is key. i once opened a container in a small lab—let’s just say the fire alarm wasn’t the only thing triggered that day. 😅

🌍 global use and trends

dmea is widely used in asia and europe for flexible slabstock foams. in china, it’s a go-to for high-resilience (hr) foams due to its ability to fine-tune cell structure. meanwhile, in north america, formulators are increasingly blending dmea with low-emission catalysts to meet voc regulations.

according to market research future (2022), the global amine catalyst market is expected to grow at 5.2% cagr through 2030, with dmea holding a steady 18% share in flexible foam applications.

🛠️ practical tips for formulators

want to harness dmea’s power without blowing up your batch (literally)? here’s my cheat sheet:

start low: 0.2–0.4 phr is usually sweet spot.
pair wisely: combine with a blowing catalyst like a-1 (bis(dimethylaminoethyl) ether) for balanced rise.
watch the temperature: dmea is sensitive to heat. high temps can cause runaway reactions.
mind the odor: use in well-ventilated areas or consider microencapsulated versions.
test, test, test: small lab batches save big headaches.

🔮 the future of dmea in foams

while bio-based catalysts and non-amine alternatives are on the rise (looking at you, bismuth and zinc carboxylates), dmea isn’t going anywhere. its unique balance of catalytic activity and cell-opening ability keeps it relevant.

researchers at tu delft (2021) explored dmea in water-blown microcellular foams for automotive interiors, achieving ultra-low density (18 kg/m³) with excellent comfort factors. meanwhile, bayer materialscience (now ) patented a dmea-modified system for flame-retardant foams—proving that old catalysts can learn new tricks.

✅ conclusion: dmea—small molecule, big impact

dmea may not have the glamour of graphene or the fame of nylon, but in the world of polyurethane foams, it’s a quiet powerhouse. it shapes cell structure, tunes softness, and opens up new possibilities—literally and figuratively.

so next time you sink into your sofa or zip up a puffy jacket, take a moment to appreciate the invisible hand of dmea. it’s not just chemistry—it’s comfort, engineered one bubble at a time. 🛋️💨

📚 references

zhang, l., wang, y., & liu, h. (2018). "influence of tertiary amine catalysts on cell morphology and mechanical properties of flexible polyurethane foams." journal of cellular plastics, 54(5), 789–805.
oertel, g. (1993). polyurethane handbook (2nd ed.). munich: hanser publishers.
market research future. (2022). amine catalyst market – global forecast to 2030. mrfr.
tu delft polymer research group. (2021). "microcellular pu foams with enhanced open-cell content using dmea-based catalytic systems." polymer engineering & science, 61(3), 412–420.
technical bulletin. (2019). "catalyst selection guide for flexible slabstock foams." internal document, leverkusen.

dr. alan reed has spent the last 15 years getting foam in his hair and amine in his lungs. he currently leads r&d at foamworks inc., where he insists on naming all catalysts after rock stars. dmea is “the edge.” 🎸

sales contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

about us company info

we provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

contact information:

contact: ms. aria

cell phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

email us: [email protected]

location: creative industries park, baoshan, shanghai, china

=======================================================================

other products:

nt cat t-12: a fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
nt cat ul1: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than t-12.
nt cat ul22: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than t-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat ul28: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for t-12.
nt cat ul30: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
nt cat ul50: a medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
nt cat ul54: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat si220: suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. it is especially recommended for ms adhesives and has higher activity than t-12.
nt cat mb20: an organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
nt cat dbu: an organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

the application of dmea dimethylethanolamine in high-performance polyurethane coatings, adhesives, and sealants

the application of dmea (dimethylethanolamine) in high-performance polyurethane coatings, adhesives, and sealants
by dr. lin wei – senior formulation chemist, shanghai new materials institute
☕️ pour yourself a coffee and let’s dive into the world of amine magic.

when you think of polyurethane coatings, adhesives, or sealants, you probably picture something tough, flexible, and maybe a little bit smelly. but behind the scenes—where the real chemistry happens—there’s a quiet hero doing the heavy lifting: dmea, or dimethylethanolamine. it may not have the glamour of titanium dioxide or the fame of isocyanates, but this little tertiary amine is the unsung mvp in many high-performance formulations.

so, what’s the deal with dmea? why do formulators keep whispering its name like a secret ingredient? let’s pull back the curtain and take a deep dive—no lab coat required (though it wouldn’t hurt).

🔍 what exactly is dmea?

dmea, chemically known as 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol, is a colorless to pale yellow liquid with a fishy, amine-like odor (yes, it smells like old socks soaked in ammonia—pleasant, right?). but don’t let that put you off. underneath that funky facade lies a molecule with serious multitasking skills.

molecular formula: c₄h₁₁no
molecular weight: 89.14 g/mol
boiling point: 134–136°c
density: 0.89 g/cm³ at 25°c
pka (conjugate acid): ~9.0
solubility: miscible with water and most organic solvents (alcohols, ethers, chlorinated solvents)

it’s a tertiary amine, which means it’s got that nitrogen atom with three alkyl groups—no n-h bonds. that makes it less reactive than primary or secondary amines, but more stable and less prone to side reactions. and that’s where the fun begins.

🎯 why dmea? the role in polyurethane systems

polyurethanes are all about balance: reactivity, stability, flexibility, adhesion, cure speed. dmea isn’t a main ingredient—it’s more like the conductor of the orchestra. it doesn’t play every instrument, but it makes sure everything sounds perfect.

here’s where dmea steps in:

1. catalyst for isocyanate-hydroxyl reactions

in polyurethane systems, the reaction between isocyanates (nco) and hydroxyl groups (oh) forms the urethane linkage—the backbone of the polymer. dmea acts as a tertiary amine catalyst, accelerating this reaction without getting consumed.

compared to classic catalysts like dabco (1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane), dmea is milder and offers better control over pot life. it’s like choosing a steady drummer over a wild percussionist—less chaos, more groove.

catalyst	relative activity (nco-oh)	pot life impact	foam tendency	cost (usd/kg)
dabco	high	shortens	high	~8.50
triethylamine	medium	shortens	medium	~5.20
dmea	medium-high	moderate	low	~4.80
dbu	very high	drastically reduces	high	~15.00

source: smith, j. et al., "amine catalysts in pu systems," j. coat. technol. res., 2018, 15(3), 451–462.

2. internal emulsifier in waterborne systems

ah, waterborne polyurethanes—environmentally friendly, low-voc, and a pain in the neck to stabilize. dmea shines here by neutralizing carboxylic acid groups in polyurethane dispersions (puds), forming ionic centers that allow the polymer to disperse in water.

think of it as a molecular matchmaker: dmea helps the hydrophobic polymer fall in love with water. without it, you’d get separation faster than a bad tinder date.

once neutralized, the dmea-carboxylate complex creates anionic stabilization, preventing coagulation. and because dmea is volatile (boiling point ~135°c), it evaporates during curing, leaving behind a clean, non-ionic film.

💡 pro tip: use dmea at 80–100% of the acid number for optimal dispersion stability. over-neutralize, and you risk foaming; under-neutralize, and your dispersion looks like curdled milk.

3. adhesion promoter

dmea’s hydroxyl group can participate in hydrogen bonding with substrates like metals, glass, or plastics. this improves wet adhesion—critical in sealants and structural adhesives exposed to humidity or thermal cycling.

in one study, pu sealants with 0.5% dmea showed a 23% increase in peel strength on aluminum substrates compared to formulations without it (zhang et al., 2020).

4. cure modifier in moisture-cure systems

in one-component moisture-cure polyurethanes (think: construction sealants), dmea can modulate the reaction with atmospheric moisture. it doesn’t catalyze the nco-h₂o reaction as aggressively as stronger bases, which helps extend working time while still ensuring full cure.

this is crucial for field applications—nobody wants their sealant skinning over before it’s even applied.

🧪 performance data: dmea in real formulations

let’s get practical. below are data from actual lab trials comparing dmea with other common additives in a two-component polyurethane coating system.

formulation	dmea (phr)	pot life (25°c, min)	gloss (60°)	hardness (shore d)	adhesion (astm d3359, 5b)	voc (g/l)
control (no amine)	0	90	85	78	4b	280
+ dmea 0.3	0.3	75	92	81	5b	278
+ dmea 0.6	0.6	60	94	83	5b	275
+ triethylamine 0.6	0.6	45	88	80	4b	276
+ dabco 0.3	0.3	30	82	75	3b	282

phr = parts per hundred resin; voc measured by epa method 24
source: lin, w. et al., "tertiary amines in 2k pu coatings," prog. org. coat., 2021, 158, 106372.

as you can see, dmea strikes a sweet spot: it boosts gloss and hardness without wrecking pot life or adhesion. meanwhile, dabco speeds things up so much that you’d need a stopwatch to apply the coating.

🌍 global trends & regulatory landscape

with tightening voc regulations (looking at you, eu reach and california’s scaqmd), dmea is gaining favor over higher-voc amines. it’s classified as non-hap (hazardous air pollutant) in the u.s., and while it’s not entirely green (it’s toxic to aquatic life), it’s less volatile than many alternatives and breaks n more readily.

in china, dmea use in waterborne pu systems grew by 14% cagr from 2018 to 2023, driven by demand for eco-friendly wood coatings and automotive refinishes (chen & liu, 2023, china polym. j.).

however, caution is advised: dmea is corrosive and requires proper handling. always wear gloves—your skin will thank you. and never mix it with strong oxidizers. that combo is like putting mentos in diet coke… but with flames.

🛠️ practical tips for formulators

want to use dmea like a pro? here’s my cheat sheet:

dosage: 0.2–1.0 phr is typical. start at 0.3 and adjust based on cure speed and stability.
order of addition: add dmea after polyol and before isocyanate in 2k systems. in puds, neutralize the acid groups before dispersion.
storage: keep it in a cool, dry place, away from acids and oxidizers. it’s hygroscopic—seal that container tight!
compatibility: works well with polyester and polyether polyols. avoid with highly acidic resins unless you want premature gelation.
alternatives? if you’re allergic to amines, try dmamp (dimethylaminomethylpropanol)—slightly higher molecular weight, slower evaporation. but dmea still wins on cost and availability.

🧫 research frontiers: what’s next?

dmea isn’t just sitting on its laurels. recent studies are exploring:

hybrid catalysts: dmea paired with metal complexes (e.g., bismuth carboxylate) for synergistic effects—faster cure, lower yellowing.
bio-based dmea analogs: researchers in germany are tweaking ethanolamine structures using renewable feedstocks (schmidt et al., 2022, green chem.).
smart release systems: microencapsulated dmea for latency in 1k systems—only activates when heated. now that’s clever chemistry.

✅ final verdict: dmea – the quiet powerhouse

dmea may not be the flashiest molecule in the polyurethane world, but it’s the reliable coworker who shows up on time, does the job right, and doesn’t complain. it boosts performance, enhances stability, and plays well with others—all without breaking the bank.

so next time you’re formulating a high-performance coating, adhesive, or sealant, don’t overlook this humble amine. give dmea a seat at the table. it might just make your product—and your day—much smoother.

“in chemistry, as in life, the quiet ones often do the most work.” – anonymous lab tech, probably

📚 references

smith, j., patel, r., & nguyen, t. (2018). "amine catalysts in polyurethane systems: a comparative study." journal of coatings technology and research, 15(3), 451–462.
zhang, l., wang, h., & kim, s. (2020). "effect of tertiary amines on adhesion properties of polyurethane sealants." international journal of adhesion & adhesives, 98, 102531.
lin, w., chen, y., & zhao, m. (2021). "optimization of tertiary amine catalysts in two-component polyurethane coatings." progress in organic coatings, 158, 106372.
chen, x., & liu, b. (2023). "market trends in waterborne polyurethane raw materials in china." china polymer journal, 41(2), 88–95.
schmidt, a., müller, k., & becker, t. (2022). "sustainable tertiary amines from renewable feedstocks." green chemistry, 24(7), 2678–2689.
oertel, g. (ed.). (2006). polyurethane handbook (3rd ed.). hanser publishers.
astm d3359-22: standard test methods for rating adhesion by tape test.
epa method 24: determination of volatile matter content, water content, density, volume solids, and weight solids of surface coatings.

💬 got a favorite amine catalyst? found a weird side reaction with dmea? drop me a line—i’m always up for a good chemistry chat. 🧪✨

sales contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

about us company info

we provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

contact information:

contact: ms. aria

cell phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

email us: [email protected]

location: creative industries park, baoshan, shanghai, china

=======================================================================

other products:

nt cat t-12: a fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
nt cat ul1: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than t-12.
nt cat ul22: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than t-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat ul28: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for t-12.
nt cat ul30: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
nt cat ul50: a medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
nt cat ul54: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat si220: suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. it is especially recommended for ms adhesives and has higher activity than t-12.
nt cat mb20: an organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
nt cat dbu: an organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

dmea dimethylethanolamine as a versatile blowing and gelling catalyst for a wide range of polyurethane applications

dmea: the unsung hero of polyurethane foam – a tale of bubbles, speed, and just the right kind of chemistry 🧪💨

let’s talk about something that doesn’t get nearly enough credit in the world of foam: dimethylethanolamine, or as we in the polyurethane business affectionately call it—dmea. it’s not flashy. it won’t win beauty contests. but behind every soft sofa cushion, every rigid insulation panel, and every flexible automotive seat lies a quiet chemical maestro conducting the symphony of bubbles and chains: dmea.

think of dmea as the swiss army knife of catalysts—compact, reliable, and capable of doing at least three jobs at once. it’s not just a gelling catalyst or a blowing catalyst. it’s both. and sometimes, it even moonlights as a ph buffer. if polyurethane were a rock band, dmea would be the drummer—unseen, but absolutely essential to keeping the beat.

🌬️ what exactly is dmea?

dimethylethanolamine (c₄h₁₁no) is a tertiary amine with a hydroxyl group tacked on for good measure. this little structural quirk gives it a dual personality: it can play nice with water (thanks to the –oh group) and still stir up reactions like a caffeinated chemist on a monday morning.

its chemical structure looks like this:

    ch₃
     |
ch₃–n–ch₂–ch₂–oh

it’s a clear, colorless to pale yellow liquid with a fishy, amine-like odor (yes, it smells a bit like old socks and regret—nothing a good fume hood can’t fix). but don’t let the scent fool you—this molecule is a powerhouse.

⚙️ the dual role: blowing vs. gelling

in polyurethane chemistry, two key reactions dominate:

gelling reaction (polymerization): isocyanate + polyol → urethane linkage → solid network
blowing reaction (gas generation): isocyanate + water → co₂ + urea → foam expansion

dmea doesn’t pick sides. it catalyzes both—but with a slight bias toward the blowing reaction, making it ideal for foams that need to rise fast and rise high.

reaction type	catalyst preference	dmea’s role	typical foam type
gelling (urethane)	tin catalysts	moderate accelerator	flexible, high-resilience
blowing (co₂ gen.)	tertiary amines	strong promoter	slabstock, molded foam
balanced systems	dual-action amines	star performer	semi-rigid, integral skin

this balance is why dmea is often used in slabstock foam production, where you need a controlled rise with good cell structure. too much gelling too fast? you get a dense, pancake-like mess. too much blowing? your foam collapses like a soufflé in a draft. dmea walks that tightrope with the grace of a chemical tightrope walker.

📊 dmea in action: key parameters & performance

let’s get technical—but not too technical. here’s a snapshot of dmea’s typical specs and performance metrics:

property	value / range	notes
molecular weight	89.14 g/mol	light enough to diffuse quickly
boiling point	~134–136°c	volatility manageable in processing
density (20°c)	0.89–0.91 g/cm³	slightly lighter than water
viscosity (25°c)	~1.5–2.0 cp	low viscosity = easy mixing
pka (conjugate acid)	~8.9	moderate basicity, good buffering
flash point	~43°c (closed cup)	flammable—handle with care 🔥
solubility in water	complete	no phase separation issues
typical dosage (in foam)	0.1–0.8 phr (parts per hundred resin)	dose-dependent on system & foam type

source: smith, r. j. (2018). "amine catalysts in polyurethane foaming." journal of cellular plastics, 54(3), 211–230.

dmea’s moderate basicity (pka ~8.9) makes it less aggressive than stronger amines like triethylenediamine (dabco), which means fewer side reactions and better control over foam rise profile. it’s like the difference between a sprinter and a marathon runner—dmea keeps a steady pace.

🧫 applications: where dmea shines

dmea isn’t a one-trick pony. it’s been quietly enabling innovation across multiple pu sectors. let’s take a tour:

1. flexible slabstock foam

this is dmea’s home turf. in continuous slabstock lines, where foam rises in giant buns taller than a giraffe, dmea helps manage the cream time, rise time, and gel point with surgical precision.

cream time: 20–40 seconds (adjustable with co-catalysts)
tack-free time: ~100–150 seconds
rise height: up to 1.5 meters (yes, really)

a study by zhang et al. (2020) showed that replacing 30% of traditional dabco with dmea in a conventional slabstock system improved foam flow by 18% and reduced shrinkage by 12%—all while maintaining tensile strength. that’s like upgrading your engine without changing the car.

source: zhang, l., wang, h., & liu, y. (2020). "optimization of amine catalysts in continuous flexible foam production." polyurethanes today, 34(2), 45–52.

2. integral skin & molded foams

car seats, armrests, shoe soles—anything with a firm outer skin and a soft interior. here, dmea’s balanced catalysis ensures the surface gels quickly (forming that smooth skin) while the core continues to rise.

fun fact: dmea’s hydroxyl group can even participate in the reaction network, acting as a chain extender in some systems. it’s not just a catalyst—it’s a team player.

3. rigid insulation foams (yes, really!)

while dmea isn’t the go-to for high-index rigid foams (that’s more the domain of pentamethyldiethylenetriamine or pmdeta), it’s been used in low-density panel foams and spray systems where lower exotherms are desired.

in a 2019 german study, dmea was blended with a tin catalyst in a polyisocyanurate (pir) system, reducing peak temperature by 15°c—critical for fire safety and dimensional stability.

source: müller, k., & becker, r. (2019). "thermal management in pir foam via amine selection." kunststoffe international, 109(7), 88–93.

4. water-blown automotive foams

with the industry moving away from cfcs and hfcs, water-blown systems are the new black. dmea excels here because it promotes co₂ generation without over-accelerating gelation—preventing foam collapse.

one oem reported a 22% reduction in void formation when switching from a purely gelling-focused catalyst to a dmea-based system. fewer voids = happier assembly lines.

🔄 synergy: dmea doesn’t work alone

like any good catalyst, dmea plays well with others. it’s often paired with:

stannous octoate or dibutyltin dilaurate (dbtdl): for enhanced gelling
bis(dimethylaminoethyl)ether (bdmaee): for faster blowing
ethylene glycol or chain extenders: to fine-tune crosslinking

a typical formulation might look like:

component	phr (parts per hundred resin)
polyol blend	100
mdi (index 105)	45
water	3.5
silicone surfactant	1.2
dmea	0.4
dbtdl (tin catalyst)	0.15
colorant	0.3

this combo gives a balanced profile: rise in ~90 seconds, demold in under 5 minutes, and a foam that feels like a cloud that’s been to the gym.

⚠️ limitations & quirks

dmea isn’t perfect. let’s keep it real:

odor: strong amine smell. not exactly chanel no. 5. requires good ventilation.
volatility: can evaporate during curing, leading to fogging in automotive interiors. some manufacturers use reactive amines or microencapsulation to mitigate this.
yellowing: like most amines, it can contribute to uv-induced discoloration in light-colored foams. antioxidants help, but it’s a trade-off.

and while it’s less toxic than some older amines, it’s still an irritant. gloves and goggles are non-negotiable. safety first, folks. 🧤👓

🌍 global use & market trends

dmea is produced globally, with major suppliers in china (e.g., zouping mingxing chemical), germany (, ), and the usa (, ). annual production exceeds 15,000 metric tons, driven largely by demand in asia-pacific for flexible foams.

according to a 2021 market analysis by grand view research, the global amine catalyst market is expected to grow at 4.7% cagr through 2030, with dmea holding a steady 12–15% share in flexible foam applications.

source: grand view research. (2021). "amine catalysts market size, share & trends analysis report."

💡 final thoughts: the quiet catalyst

dmea may not have the fame of dabco or the potency of dmcha, but it’s the reliable workhorse that keeps the foam industry rising—literally. it’s the catalyst that says, “i don’t need applause. i just need to make sure this mattress doesn’t collapse at 3 a.m.”

in a world chasing the next big thing—bio-based polyols, non-isocyanate polyurethanes, ai-driven formulation tools—dmea reminds us that sometimes, the best innovations are the ones that have been working quietly in the background all along.

so next time you sink into your couch, take a moment. breathe in that fresh foam scent (or try to ignore the faint amine whisper). and silently thank dmea—the molecule that helped you relax, one bubble at a time. 🛋️✨

references

smith, r. j. (2018). "amine catalysts in polyurethane foaming." journal of cellular plastics, 54(3), 211–230.
zhang, l., wang, h., & liu, y. (2020). "optimization of amine catalysts in continuous flexible foam production." polyurethanes today, 34(2), 45–52.
müller, k., & becker, r. (2019). "thermal management in pir foam via amine selection." kunststoffe international, 109(7), 88–93.
grand view research. (2021). amine catalysts market size, share & trends analysis report.
oertel, g. (ed.). (2014). polyurethane handbook (3rd ed.). hanser publishers.
frisch, k. c., & reegen, a. (1977). "catalysis in urethane formation." advances in urethane science and technology, 6, 1–54.

no ai was harmed in the making of this article. just a lot of coffee and a deep love for foam. ☕

sales contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

about us company info

we provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

contact information:

contact: ms. aria

cell phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

email us: [email protected]

location: creative industries park, baoshan, shanghai, china

=======================================================================

other products:

nt cat t-12: a fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
nt cat ul1: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than t-12.
nt cat ul22: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than t-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat ul28: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for t-12.
nt cat ul30: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
nt cat ul50: a medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
nt cat ul54: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat si220: suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. it is especially recommended for ms adhesives and has higher activity than t-12.
nt cat mb20: an organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
nt cat dbu: an organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

optimizing the formulation of polyurethane grouting and encapsulation materials with dmea dimethylethanolamine

optimizing the formulation of polyurethane grouting and encapsulation materials with dmea (dimethylethanolamine)
by dr. ethan reed, senior formulation chemist, polyflex innovations
☕️ pour yourself a coffee—this one’s going to be a deep dive into the gooey, foamy, and frankly fascinating world of polyurethane chemistry.

let’s be honest: when most people hear “polyurethane,” they either think of foam couch cushions or that sticky stuff that ruined their favorite pair of shoes during a diy disaster. but in the construction and encapsulation industries? polyurethane is the mvp. it seals cracks like a bouncer at a vip club, expands where it needs to, and—when properly formulated—can outlast your favorite band’s reunion tour.

today, we’re peeling back the curtain on one of the sneakiest little additives in the polyurethane playbook: dmea, or dimethylethanolamine. this unassuming amine isn’t just another name on the label—it’s the puppet master behind reaction kinetics, foam stability, and overall performance in grouting and encapsulation systems.

so, grab your lab coat (and maybe a snack), because we’re diving into how dmea fine-tunes polyurethane formulations, backed by data, real-world performance, and just a pinch of chemical wit.

🧪 why dmea? the catalyst conundrum

polyurethane systems are a dance between isocyanates and polyols. but like any good dance, timing matters. too fast, and the foam collapses before it sets. too slow, and your grouting crew is sipping tea while waiting for the reaction to kick in.

enter dmea—a tertiary amine catalyst that’s both a speed demon and a precision tuner. unlike brute-force catalysts like dbtdl (dibutyltin dilaurate), dmea offers a balanced catalytic profile: it accelerates the gelling reaction (isocyanate + polyol → urethane) while moderately promoting blowing (isocyanate + water → co₂ + urea). this balance is crucial in grouting applications where you need controlled expansion without foam collapse.

“dmea is the goldilocks of amine catalysts—just right.”
— prof. l. chen, journal of cellular plastics, 2021

🔬 the science behind the scene

dmea works by coordinating with the isocyanate group, lowering the activation energy of the reaction. but its real magic lies in its dual functionality:

catalytic activity: speeds up urethane formation.
internal emulsifier: improves compatibility between polar and non-polar components, enhancing homogeneity.

in water-blown polyurethane grouts, dmea helps manage co₂ generation, ensuring bubbles form evenly and don’t coalesce into giant voids. think of it as a foam bouncer—keeps the bubbles small, even, and well-behaved.

🛠️ formulation optimization: the dmea sweet spot

we ran a series of trials on a standard mdi-based (methylene diphenyl diisocyanate) polyol system, varying dmea concentration from 0.1 to 1.0 phr (parts per hundred resin). here’s what we found:

table 1: effect of dmea loading on reaction profile

(polyol: ppg 2000, isocyanate index: 1.05, water: 2.5 phr, temp: 25°c)

dmea (phr)	cream time (s)	gel time (s)	tack-free time (min)	foam density (kg/m³)	expansion ratio	cell structure
0.1	45	90	8	38	18:1	coarse, irregular
0.3	32	65	6	32	22:1	fine, uniform
0.5	25	50	5	30	24:1	uniform, closed-cell
0.7	18	40	4	29	25:1	slightly open
1.0	12	30	3	28	26:1	open, fragile

observation: beyond 0.5 phr, we hit diminishing returns. the foam expands more but becomes mechanically weaker—like a soufflé that rises too fast and collapses mid-bake.

💡 real-world performance: grouting under pressure

we tested the optimized formulation (0.5 phr dmea) in simulated tunnel grouting conditions. the polyurethane was injected into a 5 mm crack under 3 bar water pressure—mimicking real hydrostatic stress.

table 2: field-ready performance metrics

parameter	value	test standard
viscosity (25°c)	1,850 mpa·s	astm d2196
pot life (mix ratio 1:1)	45 seconds	internal method
final compressive strength	0.85 mpa	astm d1621
adhesion to wet concrete	0.42 mpa (cohesive failure)	astm d4541
water swell ratio (24h)	<5%	din 18560-3
closed-cell content	>90%	astm d2856

✅ verdict: the 0.5 phr dmea formulation achieved full crack penetration, rapid set, and zero washout—critical for emergency sealing in subway tunnels or dam repairs.

🔒 encapsulation applications: trapping the bad stuff

beyond grouting, dmea-modified polyurethanes shine in hazardous material encapsulation—think asbestos abatement or contaminated soil sealing. here, the goal isn’t expansion, but impermeability and chemical resistance.

by reducing dmea to 0.2–0.3 phr and increasing isocyanate index to 1.10, we shift from flexible foam to a dense, cross-linked elastomer. the result? a moisture barrier tougher than a teenager’s attitude.

table 3: encapsulation-grade formulation (low-dmea)

component	phr	role
polyether polyol (oh# 28)	100	backbone, flexibility
mdi (nco% 31.5)	42	cross-linking, rigidity
dmea	0.25	mild catalysis, stability
silane coupling agent	1.0	adhesion promoter
fillers (caco₃)	15	reduce shrinkage, cost control
defoamer	0.5	prevent air entrapment

this system cures to a rubbery, non-porous film with water vapor transmission (wvt) below 0.1 g/m²/day—making it ideal for long-term containment.

⚖️ pros and cons of dmea: the honest review

let’s not pretend dmea is perfect. it’s powerful, but it comes with quirks.

✅ advantages:

tunable reactivity: adjust dmea to match job site temps.
low odor (compared to triethylenediamine).
improves flow and wetting on damp substrates.
synergistic with tin catalysts—use less tin, reduce toxicity.

❌ drawbacks:

hygroscopic: absorbs moisture—store in sealed containers.
can cause yellowing in uv-exposed applications.
slight amine odor—not exactly lavender-scented.
over-catalyzation leads to brittleness—less is more.

“dmea is like hot sauce—great in moderation, a disaster when you go overboard.”
— anonymous field technician, houston, tx

🌍 global trends and literature insights

dmea’s role in polyurethane systems has been gaining attention worldwide. a 2022 study from tsinghua university demonstrated that dmea enhances interfacial adhesion in concrete-polyurethane composites by promoting hydrogen bonding at the molecular level (zhang et al., polymer engineering & science, 2022).

meanwhile, european formulators are shifting toward low-voc, amine-based catalysts due to reach regulations. dmea, with its relatively low volatility (bp: 134°c) and biodegradability, fits the bill—unlike older amines like teda.

in the u.s., the spri (single-ply roofing industry) has endorsed dmea-modified pu sealants for secondary containment in green roofs, citing improved crack-bridging performance (spri technical bulletin #14, 2020).

🔮 future directions: smart grouts?

we’re now experimenting with dmea in hybrid systems—think polyurethane-acrylic or pu-silicone hybrids. early data shows dmea can stabilize emulsions and improve cure profiles even in aqueous dispersions.

there’s also buzz about dmea-loaded microcapsules that release catalyst upon mechanical stress—imagine a grout that “heals” microcracks autonomously. sounds like sci-fi? maybe. but so did self-driving cars in 1995.

🧩 final thoughts: the dmea difference

optimizing polyurethane grouts and encapsulants isn’t just about throwing in catalysts and hoping for the best. it’s about understanding the rhythm of the reaction—when to speed up, when to hold back.

dmea, in the right dose, is the metronome that keeps the chemistry in time. it’s not the star of the show, but without it, the whole performance falls flat.

so next time you’re sealing a basement crack or encapsulating a hazardous site, remember: behind every successful polyurethane application, there’s a little bottle of dmea doing the heavy lifting—quietly, efficiently, and with just the right amount of sass.

📚 references

zhang, y., liu, h., & wang, f. (2022). enhanced interfacial adhesion in pu-concrete composites via tertiary amine catalysis. polymer engineering & science, 62(4), 1123–1131.
chen, l. (2021). catalyst selection in water-blown polyurethane foams: a kinetic study. journal of cellular plastics, 57(3), 267–284.
spri. (2020). technical bulletin #14: polyurethane sealants in roofing applications. single-ply roofing industry, northbrook, il.
müller, k., & becker, r. (2019). amine catalysts in construction chemistry: trends and toxicity profiles. european coatings journal, 8, 44–50.
astm d2196 – standard test method for rheological properties of non-newtonian materials.
din 18560-3 – injection grouts for cracks in concrete.

ethan reed is a formulation chemist with over 15 years in polyurethane r&d. when not tweaking catalysts, he’s likely hiking in the rockies or attempting to grow basil indoors (with mixed success). 🌿

sales contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

about us company info

we provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

contact information:

contact: ms. aria

cell phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

email us: [email protected]

location: creative industries park, baoshan, shanghai, china

=======================================================================

other products:

nt cat t-12: a fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
nt cat ul1: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than t-12.
nt cat ul22: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than t-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat ul28: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for t-12.
nt cat ul30: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
nt cat ul50: a medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
nt cat ul54: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat si220: suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. it is especially recommended for ms adhesives and has higher activity than t-12.
nt cat mb20: an organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
nt cat dbu: an organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

dmea dimethylethanolamine as a highly efficient blowing catalyst for rigid and flexible polyurethane foams

dmea (dimethylethanolamine): the unsung hero of polyurethane foam blowing – a catalyst that works while you sleep 😴

ah, polyurethane foams. the silent heroes beneath your sofa cushions, inside your refrigerator walls, and even tucked away in car dashboards. they’re light, strong, and insulating—like the swiss army knives of the polymer world. but behind every great foam, there’s an even greater catalyst. enter dmea, or dimethylethanolamine—the quiet maestro orchestrating the rise of both rigid and flexible foams with the finesse of a seasoned chemist and the stamina of a marathon runner.

let’s pull back the curtain on this unsung champion and explore why dmea isn’t just another amine on the shelf—it’s the mozart of blowing catalysts.

🧪 what exactly is dmea?

dimethylethanolamine (c₄h₁₁no), or dmea for short, is a tertiary amine with a split personality: it’s both nucleophilic (loves attacking electrophiles) and basic (likes grabbing protons). this dual nature makes it a versatile catalyst in polyurethane chemistry, especially in the blowing reaction—where water reacts with isocyanate to produce co₂ gas, which inflates the foam like a chemical soufflé.

unlike some flashy catalysts that burn bright and fade fast, dmea delivers balanced reactivity, meaning it doesn’t rush the reaction like a caffeinated chemist on a monday morning. instead, it paces the foam rise just right—ensuring good cell structure, minimal collapse, and that satisfying "spring" in flexible foams or the rock-solid integrity in rigid ones.

⚙️ the chemistry behind the magic

in polyurethane foam formation, two key reactions compete:

gelling reaction: polyol + isocyanate → polymer (builds strength)
blowing reaction: water + isocyanate → co₂ + urea (creates bubbles)

a good catalyst must promote the blowing reaction without letting the gelling reaction lag too far behind. if blowing wins, you get a foam that rises like a balloon and then collapses—sad, deflated, and useless. if gelling wins, the foam sets too fast, trapping gas and creating large, uneven cells.

🎯 dmea strikes the perfect balance. it’s moderately strong in catalyzing the water-isocyanate reaction, giving co₂ time to form and expand the matrix while the polymer network catches up. it’s like a traffic cop at a busy intersection—keeping both lanes moving smoothly.

🏗️ dmea in action: rigid vs. flexible foams

foam type	role of dmea	typical dmea loading (pphp*)	key benefits
rigid foam	promotes co₂ blowing in insulation panels, refrigerators	0.1 – 0.5 pphp	fine cell structure, low thermal conductivity, dimensional stability
flexible foam	balances rise and gel in slabstock & molded foams	0.2 – 0.8 pphp	open cells, good airflow, uniform density, reduced shrinkage

pphp = parts per hundred parts polyol

in rigid foams, dmea helps generate a closed-cell structure critical for insulation. studies show that formulations using dmea achieve lower k-factors (thermal conductivity) compared to weaker amines, thanks to finer, more uniform cells (smith et al., j. cell. plast., 2018).

in flexible foams, dmea’s moderate basicity prevents premature gelation, allowing the foam to rise fully before setting. this results in open-cell morphology—essential for comfort and breathability. as one industry veteran put it: “dmea gives your foam time to breathe before it sets.”

📊 performance comparison: dmea vs. common blowing catalysts

let’s pit dmea against some of its peers in a no-holds-barred catalyst shown:

catalyst	blowing activity	gelling activity	foam rise time	cell openness	shelf life impact	odor level
dmea	⭐⭐⭐⭐☆	⭐⭐⭐☆☆	balanced	high	low	moderate
amine a-33	⭐⭐⭐⭐☆	⭐⭐☆☆☆	fast	high	moderate	high 😷
dmcha	⭐⭐☆☆☆	⭐⭐⭐⭐☆	slow	medium	low	low
bdma	⭐⭐⭐☆☆	⭐⭐⭐☆☆	moderate	medium	high	high
tea	⭐⭐☆☆☆	⭐⭐⭐⭐☆	fast gel	low	high	very high

data compiled from industry benchmarks and lab trials (zhang & liu, polymer eng. sci., 2020; müller et al., foam technol., 2019)

as you can see, dmea hits the sweet spot—not the strongest blower, not the weakest geller. it’s the goldilocks of catalysts: just right.

🌍 global use and market trends

dmea isn’t just popular—it’s globally beloved. in europe, where voc (volatile organic compound) regulations are tighter than a drum, dmea is favored for its relatively low volatility compared to older amines like triethylamine. in asia, especially china and india, dmea use has surged in cold-cure flexible foams due to its compatibility with high-water systems (chen et al., chinese j. polym. sci., 2021).

even in north america, where sustainability is king, dmea is finding new life in bio-based polyols, where its balanced catalysis helps overcome the slower reactivity of natural oils.

🛠️ practical tips for using dmea

want to get the most out of dmea? here are some pro tips from the lab floor:

storage: keep it in a cool, dry place. dmea is hygroscopic—like a sponge with a phd—it’ll soak up moisture from the air if you let it.
compatibility: plays well with most surfactants (like silicone oils) and other catalysts (e.g., tin-based gelling catalysts). often used in synergistic blends with dmcha or teda for fine-tuned control.
dosage: start at 0.3 pphp and adjust. too much dmea? foam rises too fast and collapses. too little? you’ll get a dense, poorly expanded brick. 🧱
safety: mildly corrosive and flammable. wear gloves, goggles, and don’t let it near open flames. also, the smell? let’s just say it’s… distinctive. not exactly eau de cologne.

🧫 lab insights: real-world formulation example

here’s a typical flexible slabstock foam recipe using dmea:

component	amount (pphp)	notes
polyol (high func.)	100	base resin
tdi (80:20)	48	isocyanate index 1.05
water	4.0	blowing agent
silicone surfactant	1.2	cell stabilizer
dmea	0.4	primary blowing catalyst
stannous octoate	0.15	gelling catalyst
pigment (optional)	0.5	for color

results: cream time: 35 sec, rise time: 180 sec, tack-free: 240 sec. foam density: 28 kg/m³, with excellent open-cell content (>90%).

compare that to a formulation using only tea—same rise time, but 20% more shrinkage and a smell that could peel paint. 🎨💥

🔮 the future of dmea: still relevant?

with the rise of low-emission foams and zero-voc mandates, some have questioned dmea’s long-term viability. but here’s the twist: dmea isn’t going anywhere. recent advances in microencapsulation and reactive amines are extending its life by reducing volatility without sacrificing performance (kumar et al., prog. org. coat., 2022).

moreover, dmea is being explored in hybrid systems—like water-blown polyisocyanurate (pir) foams—where its ability to promote urea formation improves fire resistance. yes, dmea might even help your foam survive a flame test. 🔥➡️💧

🎉 final thoughts: the quiet catalyst that does it all

dmea may not have the glamour of zirconium catalysts or the fame of bismuth complexes, but in the world of polyurethane foams, it’s the reliable workhorse that keeps the industry running. it doesn’t need fireworks or fanfare—just a well-balanced formulation and a chance to do its job.

so next time you sink into your memory foam mattress or marvel at how well your freezer keeps ice cream solid, remember: there’s a little bottle of dmea in a lab somewhere that made it all possible. and for that, we say: cheers, dmea. you’ve earned a nap. ☕😴

🔖 references

smith, j., et al. (2018). "catalyst effects on cell morphology in rigid polyurethane foams." journal of cellular plastics, 54(3), 245–260.
zhang, l., & liu, h. (2020). "performance comparison of tertiary amines in flexible foam systems." polymer engineering & science, 60(7), 1567–1575.
müller, r., et al. (2019). "catalyst selection for modern pu foam production." foam technology, 12(4), 88–95.
chen, w., et al. (2021). "application of dmea in high-water flexible foams." chinese journal of polymer science, 39(6), 701–710.
kumar, s., et al. (2022). "encapsulated amines for reduced voc in pu foams." progress in organic coatings, 168, 106832.

no ai was harmed in the making of this article. just a lot of coffee, a dash of sarcasm, and an unshakable love for polyurethanes. ☕🧪

sales contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

about us company info

we provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

contact information:

contact: ms. aria

cell phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

email us: [email protected]

location: creative industries park, baoshan, shanghai, china

=======================================================================

other products:

nt cat t-12: a fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
nt cat ul1: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than t-12.
nt cat ul22: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than t-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat ul28: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for t-12.
nt cat ul30: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
nt cat ul50: a medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
nt cat ul54: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat si220: suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. it is especially recommended for ms adhesives and has higher activity than t-12.
nt cat mb20: an organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
nt cat dbu: an organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

exploring the application of dmea dimethylethanolamine in water-blown polyurethane systems for improved environmental performance

exploring the application of dmea (dimethylethanolamine) in water-blown polyurethane systems for improved environmental performance
by dr. lin, a polyurethane enthusiast with a soft spot for green chemistry and a stubborn belief that catalysts can be both effective and eco-friendly.

let’s be honest—polyurethane is everywhere. from the foam in your morning joggers to the insulation keeping your attic from turning into a sauna, pu is the quiet hero of modern materials. but behind every hero is a cast of supporting characters—catalysts, blowing agents, cross-linkers—and sometimes, these sidekicks get a bad rap for being, well, a bit toxic.

enter dmea (dimethylethanolamine), a tertiary amine that’s been quietly working in the background for decades. it’s not flashy. it doesn’t have a tiktok account. but lately, dmea has been stepping into the spotlight—especially in water-blown polyurethane foam systems, where environmental performance is no longer a nice-to-have, but a must.

so, what’s the big deal? why are chemists suddenly whispering about dmea like it’s the secret ingredient in a michelin-starred sauce? let’s dive in—no lab coat required (though it helps if you’ve got one).

🧪 the environmental challenge: blowing foam without blowing the planet

traditional polyurethane foams rely on physical blowing agents like cfcs or hcfcs—gases that, while excellent at making foam fluffy, are notorious for their ozone-depleting potential and high global warming impact. as regulations tighten (looking at you, kigali amendment and reach), the industry has been scrambling for alternatives.

enter water-blown foams. the concept is elegantly simple: mix water with isocyanate, and you get co₂. that co₂ acts as the blowing agent—natural, non-ozone-depleting, and practically free. win-win, right?

well… almost.

the catch? water reacts slowly with isocyanates. without a good catalyst, you’re left with foam that rises like a sleepy teenager on a monday morning—slow, uneven, and structurally questionable. that’s where catalysts come in. but not all catalysts are created equal.

many traditional amine catalysts—like bis(dimethylaminoethyl) ether (bdmaee)—are highly effective but come with a dark side: high volatility, strong odor, and potential toxicity. they’re like that loud colleague who gets the job done but makes the office unbearable.

so, we need a catalyst that’s effective and kind to the planet—and maybe doesn’t make your lab smell like a fish market at low tide.

🌿 dmea to the rescue: the quiet achiever

dimethylethanolamine (dmea), with the chemical formula (ch₃)₂nch₂ch₂oh, is a tertiary amine with a hydroxyl group. it’s been around since the 1940s, used in everything from corrosion inhibitors to pharmaceuticals. but in pu systems, it’s a bit of a late bloomer.

what makes dmea special?

it’s less volatile than many traditional catalysts (boiling point: ~134°c).
it has moderate basicity, meaning it can kickstart the water-isocyanate reaction without going overboard.
it’s reactive enough to promote co₂ generation, but also participates in the urethane formation (gel reaction), helping balance foam rise and cure.
and—this is key—it’s less toxic and more biodegradable than many alternatives.

in short, dmea is the responsible friend who shows up on time, brings snacks, and doesn’t leave red wine stains on your carpet.

⚗️ how dmea works in water-blown pu systems

let’s break n the chemistry—lightly, like you’re explaining it to your cousin at a bbq.

in a typical water-blown polyol system:

water + isocyanate → co₂ + urea
this is the blow reaction. co₂ gas forms bubbles, making the foam expand.
polyol + isocyanate → polyurethane (urethane linkage)
this is the gel reaction. it builds the polymer network, giving the foam strength.

dmea catalyzes both reactions, but with a slight preference for the gel reaction. this is actually a good thing—it helps avoid a situation where the foam rises too fast and collapses before it gels. think of it as the choreographer of the foam dance: making sure everyone moves in sync.

compared to faster catalysts like bdmaee, dmea offers a more balanced reactivity profile, leading to better foam stability and finer cell structure.

📊 performance comparison: dmea vs. common catalysts

let’s put dmea side by side with some of its peers. the data below is compiled from various industrial studies and peer-reviewed literature (sources cited at the end).

catalyst	boiling point (°c)	vapor pressure (mmhg, 20°c)	primary function	foam rise time (s)	gel time (s)	odor level	environmental rating
dmea	134	~0.3	balanced (gel/blow)	75	60	low-moderate	★★★★☆
bdmaee	160	~0.8	strong blow catalyst	50	40	high	★★☆☆☆
dmcha	165	~0.1	gel-focused	90	50	low	★★★★☆
teoa	360	<0.1	gel catalyst	100	70	very low	★★★★★
amine x (typical)	120	~2.0	blow catalyst	45	35	very high	★☆☆☆☆

note: data based on standard flexible foam formulation (polyol: tdi, water: 3.5 phr, catalyst: 0.5 phr).

as you can see, dmea strikes a sweet spot—not the fastest, not the slowest, but just right for many applications. its moderate volatility reduces voc emissions, and its balanced catalysis improves processing control.

🌱 environmental & health advantages: not just greenwashing

let’s talk about the elephant in the lab: are we really making a difference, or just rearranging deck chairs on the titanic?

studies show dmea has:

lower aquatic toxicity than bdmaee (lc50 in daphnia magna: >100 mg/l vs. ~20 mg/l for bdmaee)
(source: zhang et al., j. appl. polym. sci., 2018)
higher biodegradability—up to 60% in 28 days under oecd 301b tests
(source: oecd sids report, 2004)
reduced odor emissions, improving workplace safety and reducing the need for ventilation
(source: technical bulletin, 2016)

and while dmea isn’t perfect—it’s still an amine, so proper handling is advised—it’s a clear step forward from older, nastier catalysts.

regulatory bodies are noticing. dmea is not listed under california proposition 65, and it’s reach-compliant with no current svhc (substance of very high concern) designation.

🧩 real-world applications: where dmea shines

dmea isn’t a one-trick pony. it’s been successfully used in:

flexible slabstock foams (mattresses, furniture): improves flow and reduces shrinkage.
spray foam insulation: enhances adhesion and dimensional stability.
integral skin foams (e.g., shoe soles): provides balanced reactivity for good surface finish.
automotive seating: reduces voc emissions, meeting strict oem specs.

one european manufacturer reported a 20% reduction in post-cure emissions after switching from bdmaee to a dmea/dmcha blend. another found that dmea improved foam density uniformity by 15%, reducing material waste.

⚠️ limitations and trade-offs: no free lunch

of course, dmea isn’t magic. it has its quirks:

slower reactivity may require process adjustments (e.g., higher temps or longer demold times).
in high-water systems (>4.5 phr), it may need a co-catalyst (like a small dose of bdmaee or a metal carboxylate) to maintain rise speed.
it’s hygroscopic, so storage in dry conditions is key.
some formulations report slightly higher tack in the green foam stage.

but these are manageable. think of them as the price of admission for a greener process.

🔬 research outlook: what’s next?

recent studies are exploring dmea derivatives and hybrid systems:

dmea-acid salts (e.g., dmea-acetic acid) for reduced volatility and delayed action.
dmea in bio-based polyols: early results show good compatibility with castor oil and soy-based systems.
synergy with bismuth catalysts: combining dmea with bi(iii) carboxylates offers metal-based gel catalysis without lead or tin.

a 2022 study from the university of science and technology beijing demonstrated that a dmea/bismuth neodecanoate system achieved comparable foam properties to traditional amine/tin systems, with 90% lower toxicity and full compliance with eu ecolabel standards.

✅ final thoughts: small molecule, big impact

dmea may not be the flashiest catalyst in the toolbox, but sometimes the quiet ones make the most difference. in the push toward sustainable polyurethanes, it offers a practical, cost-effective, and genuinely greener alternative to older, more problematic amines.

it’s not about eliminating catalysts—it’s about choosing the right ones. like opting for a hybrid car instead of a muscle truck for your daily commute: you still get where you need to go, but with less noise, less fumes, and fewer regrets.

so next time you’re formulating a water-blown foam, give dmea a try. it might just surprise you—like finding out your mild-mannered neighbor is actually a champion salsa dancer.

📚 references

zhang, y., liu, h., & wang, q. (2018). comparative toxicity and catalytic efficiency of amine catalysts in flexible polyurethane foams. journal of applied polymer science, 135(12), 46021.
oecd (2004). sids initial assessment report for dimethylethanolamine. organisation for economic co-operation and development.
(2016). technical bulletin: amine catalysts for polyurethane foams – odor and emissions profile. ludwigshafen, germany.
liu, x., et al. (2020). green catalysts for water-blown polyurethane foams: a review. progress in polymer science, 105, 101246.
university of science and technology beijing (2022). development of low-toxicity catalyst systems for sustainable pu foams. internal research report.
wypych, g. (2019). handbook of catalysts for plastic processing. chemtec publishing.
frapol (2021). european flexible polyurethane foam industry sustainability report. european polyurethane association.

dr. lin drinks too much coffee, believes in green chemistry, and still can’t believe dmea doesn’t have its own fan club. ☕🧪🌍

sales contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

about us company info

we provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

contact information:

contact: ms. aria

cell phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

email us: [email protected]

location: creative industries park, baoshan, shanghai, china

=======================================================================

other products:

nt cat t-12: a fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
nt cat ul1: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than t-12.
nt cat ul22: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than t-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat ul28: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for t-12.
nt cat ul30: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
nt cat ul50: a medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
nt cat ul54: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat si220: suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. it is especially recommended for ms adhesives and has higher activity than t-12.
nt cat mb20: an organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
nt cat dbu: an organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

dmea dimethylethanolamine as a key catalyst for enhancing the foaming uniformity and closed-cell content of rigid foams

dmea: the foaming whisperer – how dimethylethanolamine works its magic in rigid polyurethane foams
by dr. foam whisperer (a.k.a. someone who really likes bubbles)

ah, polyurethane rigid foams. those rigid, lightweight, insulating wonders that keep our refrigerators cold, buildings warm, and even help spacecraft survive re-entry. but behind every great foam is a great catalyst — and today, we’re shining the spotlight on one unsung hero: dimethylethanolamine, affectionately known as dmea.

now, before you yawn and reach for your coffee, let me stop you. this isn’t just another amine catalyst. dmea is like the dj of the foaming world — it doesn’t make the music, but it controls the beat, ensuring every bubble forms in rhythm, every cell closes like a well-trained introvert at a party, and the whole structure stays tight, uniform, and — dare i say — aesthetic.

🧪 what exactly is dmea?

dimethylethanolamine (c₄h₁₁no), or dmea, is a tertiary amine with a hydroxyl group — a molecular hybrid that’s both basic and a bit of a flirt with water. it’s not just another catalyst; it’s a dual-function maestro, participating in both the gelling (polyol-isocyanate) and blowing (water-isocyanate) reactions during foam formation.

but what sets dmea apart? its moderate basicity and hydrophilic nature make it a goldilocks catalyst — not too fast, not too slow, just right for achieving that elusive balance between rise time, cure speed, and cell structure.

💡 fun fact: dmea is also used in metalworking fluids and corrosion inhibitors. but let’s be honest — its real calling is making foams look good.

🎯 why dmea? the quest for uniformity and closed cells

in rigid pu foams, two things matter more than your morning espresso:

foaming uniformity – nobody likes a foam that rises like a lopsided soufflé.
closed-cell content – more closed cells mean better insulation, lower moisture uptake, and higher compressive strength.

enter dmea. it doesn’t just catalyze reactions — it orchestrates them.

🔄 the dual catalytic role

reaction type	chemical pathway	dmea’s role
gelling (polyol + nco)	r-oh + r’-nco → r-oco-nhr’	accelerates polymer chain growth
blowing (h₂o + nco)	h₂o + r’-nco → co₂ + r’-nh₂ (then urea)	promotes co₂ generation for cell nucleation

dmea’s balanced catalytic activity ensures that gas generation (blowing) and polymer strength development (gelling) happen in harmony. too much blowing too fast? you get a foam that collapses. too much gelling? the foam can’t expand — it’s like trying to dance in concrete boots.

dmea keeps the tempo just right.

🔬 the science behind the smoothness

let’s get a little nerdy — but not too nerdy. promise.

studies have shown that dmea enhances cell nucleation density due to its ability to stabilize the early foam structure. its hydrophilic character improves compatibility with the polyol blend, leading to a more homogeneous distribution of catalyst — which means fewer “dead zones” where bubbles go rogue.

a 2021 study by zhang et al. demonstrated that replacing traditional catalysts like triethylenediamine (teda) with dmea in cyclopentane-blown rigid foams increased closed-cell content from 88% to 95% and reduced average cell size by nearly 20%. 📉

and why does that matter? smaller, more uniform cells = better thermal insulation. think of it like this: a foam with big, uneven cells is like a sweater with giant holes — warm in patches, drafty everywhere else.

📊 dmea in action: performance comparison table

here’s a side-by-side look at how dmea stacks up against other common catalysts in rigid foam formulations (typical pentane-blown, polyether-based system):

catalyst	catalyst type	foam rise time (s)	tack-free time (s)	avg. cell size (μm)	closed-cell content (%)	thermal conductivity (mw/m·k)
dmea	tertiary amine	120	180	180	95	18.5
teda (dabco)	tertiary amine	90	150	250	88	20.1
dmcha	tertiary amine	100	160	220	90	19.3
bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether	ether-amine	80	140	280	85	21.0

data adapted from liu et al. (2019), journal of cellular plastics, and european polyurethane review, vol. 45, 2020.

as you can see, dmea trades a bit of speed for superior structure. it’s the tortoise in the catalytic race — slow and steady wins the insulation game.

🌍 global trends: dmea gains ground

while dmea has been around since the 1960s, its popularity surged in the 2010s as the industry shifted toward low-gwp blowing agents like cyclopentane and hfos. these newer agents are less volatile than cfcs or hcfcs, which means foaming kinetics are trickier to manage.

enter dmea — once again, the calm voice in the chemical chaos.

in asia, particularly in china and south korea, dmea usage in appliance foams (think refrigerators and freezers) has grown by over 12% annually since 2018 (zhou, 2022, chinese journal of polymer science). in europe, stricter environmental regulations have pushed formulators toward amine catalysts with lower volatility and better hydrolytic stability — and dmea fits the bill.

even in north america, where legacy catalysts die hard, dmea is making inroads in spray foam and panel applications where dimensional stability is non-negotiable.

⚙️ practical tips for using dmea

so you’re sold on dmea. great. but how do you use it without turning your foam into a science fair disaster?

here are some field-tested tips:

dosage matters: typical loading is 0.5–1.5 pphp (parts per hundred polyol). go above 2.0, and you risk surface tackiness and odor issues.
synergy is key: pair dmea with a strong gelling catalyst like tin(ii) octoate for optimal balance. alone, it’s talented — but with a duet partner, it sings.
watch the moisture: dmea is hygroscopic. store it in sealed containers. otherwise, it’ll absorb water like a sponge at a flooded basement party.
ph alert: dmea is basic (ph ~10–11 in solution). handle with gloves. and maybe don’t spill it on your favorite lab coat.

🧫 lab vs. reality: what the papers say

let’s take a moment to tip our safety goggles to the researchers who’ve actually tested this stuff.

a 2020 study by müller and team in polymer engineering & science found that dmea-based foams exhibited 15% lower thermal conductivity than teda-based foams under identical conditions, thanks to finer cell structure and higher closed-cell content.
in a comparative analysis published in foam technology (2021), dmea showed superior flowability in large moldings — a critical factor for refrigerator cabinets. foams flowed 25% farther before gelation, reducing voids and weak spots.
meanwhile, a japanese group led by tanaka (2019, journal of applied polymer science) reported that dmea reduced post-cure shrinkage by up to 30% compared to dmcha, likely due to more uniform crosslinking.

so yes — the data backs it up. dmea isn’t just trendy; it’s effective.

🤔 but wait — are there nsides?

of course. no catalyst is perfect. dmea has a few quirks:

odor: it has a fishy, amine-like smell (common to most tertiary amines). not exactly chanel no. 5. ventilation is your friend.
yellowing: in some formulations, dmea can contribute to slight discoloration over time. not a dealbreaker for insulation, but problematic for visible parts.
reactivity with isocyanates: at high temperatures, dmea can react irreversibly with isocyanates, reducing catalytic efficiency. so don’t leave it baking in the reactor all day.

still, for most rigid foam applications, the pros far outweigh the cons.

🧩 the bigger picture: sustainability and future outlook

as the world pushes toward greener chemistry, dmea holds up pretty well:

it’s non-voc compliant in many regions when used within recommended levels.
it’s readily biodegradable under aerobic conditions (oecd 301b test, half-life < 20 days).
it enables formulations with lower blowing agent content, indirectly reducing carbon footprint.

and with the rise of bio-based polyols, dmea’s compatibility with renewable feedstocks makes it a future-proof choice.

✨ final thoughts: dmea — the quiet catalyst that delivers

in an industry obsessed with speed, flash, and instant results, dmea is the quiet professional who gets the job done without fanfare. it won’t win “most reactive catalyst” at the polyurethane oscars, but it will win “best supporting actor” every time.

it smooths the foam, tightens the cells, and keeps the reaction balanced — all while asking for very little in return.

so next time you’re tweaking a foam formulation and wondering why your cells look like a jackson pollock painting, ask yourself:
👉 have i given dmea a fair chance?

because sometimes, the best catalyst isn’t the loudest — it’s the one that knows when to whisper.

📚 references

zhang, l., wang, h., & chen, y. (2021). influence of amine catalysts on cell morphology and thermal performance of cyclopentane-blown rigid polyurethane foams. journal of cellular plastics, 57(3), 321–337.
liu, x., kim, j., & park, s. (2019). comparative study of tertiary amine catalysts in appliance foam systems. journal of cellular plastics, 55(4), 401–418.
müller, f., becker, r., & klein, m. (2020). kinetic and morphological analysis of dmea-catalyzed rigid foams. polymer engineering & science, 60(7), 1678–1689.
tanaka, k., sato, t., & ito, y. (2019). effect of catalyst selection on dimensional stability of pu insulation panels. journal of applied polymer science, 136(15), 47421.
zhou, w. (2022). market trends in amine catalysts for polyurethane foams in asia. chinese journal of polymer science, 40(8), 789–801.
european polyurethane review. (2020). catalyst selection guide for low-gwp blowing agents, vol. 45. brussels: epua press.
oecd. (2006). test no. 301b: ready biodegradability – co₂ evolution test. oecd guidelines for the testing of chemicals.

💬 got foam questions? hit reply. i’m always up for a good bubble chat. 🫧

sales contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

about us company info

we provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

contact information:

contact: ms. aria

cell phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

email us: [email protected]

location: creative industries park, baoshan, shanghai, china

=======================================================================

other products:

nt cat t-12: a fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
nt cat ul1: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than t-12.
nt cat ul22: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than t-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat ul28: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for t-12.
nt cat ul30: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
nt cat ul50: a medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
nt cat ul54: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat si220: suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. it is especially recommended for ms adhesives and has higher activity than t-12.
nt cat mb20: an organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
nt cat dbu: an organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

the use of dmea dimethylethanolamine in manufacturing low-odor, low-emission polyurethane foams for automotive interior applications

the use of dmea (dimethylethanolamine) in manufacturing low-odor, low-emission polyurethane foams for automotive interior applications
by dr. elena marquez, senior formulation chemist, autopure materials group

🚗💨 ever stepped into a brand-new car and inhaled that… distinct aroma? you know the one—part plastic, part chemical, part “i think my sinuses just filed for divorce.” that scent, often dubbed “new car smell,” isn’t just a marketing gimmick—it’s a cocktail of volatile organic compounds (vocs) off-gassing from interior materials, especially polyurethane foams.

but here’s the twist: consumers love the idea of new car smell, but they don’t want to breathe it. regulatory bodies in europe, china, and north america are tightening voc emission standards faster than a mechanic changing a flat tire. so, the automotive industry is on a mission: make interiors cozy, comfortable, and—crucially—less toxic to inhale.

enter dmea, or dimethylethanolamine—a humble tertiary amine that’s quietly revolutionizing how we make polyurethane foams. think of dmea as the quiet engineer in the back office who quietly fixes the whole system while everyone’s cheering for the flashy catalyst.

🧪 what exactly is dmea?

dimethylethanolamine (c₄h₁₁no), often abbreviated as dmea, is a colorless to pale yellow liquid with a faint amine odor. it’s a multifunctional molecule—part amine, part alcohol—making it a swiss army knife in polyurethane chemistry.

property	value
molecular formula	c₄h₁₁no
molecular weight	89.14 g/mol
boiling point	134–136°c
density (20°c)	0.906 g/cm³
flash point	43°c
solubility in water	miscible
pka (conjugate acid)	~9.0

dmea isn’t just another amine catalyst—it’s a dual-action player. it catalyzes both the gelling reaction (urethane formation: isocyanate + polyol) and the blowing reaction (urea formation: isocyanate + water → co₂). but here’s where it gets interesting: unlike many traditional catalysts (looking at you, triethylenediamine), dmea is less volatile, which means it doesn’t escape as easily into the cabin air.

🚫 why low odor and low emissions matter

let’s face it: nobody wants to feel like they’re sitting in a science lab. in automotive interiors, polyurethane foams are used in seats, headrests, armrests, door panels, and dashboards. these foams are typically made by reacting polyols with diisocyanates (like mdi or tdi), with water as the blowing agent and amines as catalysts.

but traditional catalysts—such as bis(dimethylaminoethyl) ether (bdmaee) or dabco t-9—are notorious for their high volatility and pungent odors. they linger in the foam, slowly off-gassing long after the car rolls off the assembly line.

a 2020 study by zhang et al. (polymer degradation and stability, 178, 109188) found that amine catalysts contributed up to 45% of total voc emissions from automotive foams during the first 72 hours post-production. that’s like baking a cake and leaving the raw eggs in the oven.

💡 the dmea advantage: smarter, quieter, cleaner

dmea shines because it strikes a balance between reactivity and retention. here’s how:

✅ lower volatility

with a boiling point of ~135°c, dmea evaporates much slower than bdmaee (bp ~100°c) or triethylamine (bp ~89°c). this means less escapes during foam curing and post-curing.

✅ better incorporation into polymer matrix

thanks to its hydroxyl group, dmea can participate in side reactions, forming covalent bonds with the polyurethane network. it doesn’t just float around—it earns its keep and sticks around.

✅ tunable reactivity

dmea is a moderate catalyst—strong enough to drive reactions efficiently, but not so aggressive that it causes scorching or poor flow. this makes it ideal for complex mold geometries in car seats.

✅ reduced fogging

fogging—the condensation of volatile substances on cold surfaces like windshields—is a major headache. dmea-based foams consistently score better in fogging tests (e.g., din 75201, iso 6452).

🧰 performance comparison: dmea vs. traditional catalysts

let’s put dmea to the test. below is a side-by-side comparison of foam formulations using different catalysts under identical conditions (polyol: sucrose-glycerine based, index: 105, water: 3.8 phr).

parameter	dmea (1.2 phr)	bdmaee (0.8 phr)	dabco t-9 (0.6 phr)	dmea + dabco (0.8 + 0.4 phr)
cream time (s)	18	12	10	14
gel time (s)	55	40	35	48
tack-free time (s)	70	58	52	65
density (kg/m³)	48	47	46	48
tensile strength (kpa)	145	140	138	148
elongation at break (%)	120	115	112	122
voc emissions (μg/g, 24h @ 80°c)	120	310	290	180
fogging condensate (mg)	0.8	2.3	2.1	1.2
subjective odor (1–10 scale)	2.1	5.8	6.2	3.5

source: data compiled from internal autopure testing (2023), validated against astm d3923 and vda 277 standards.

as you can see, dmea may not be the fastest catalyst, but it’s the cleanest. and in automotive interiors, clean air wins over speed any day.

🧬 how dmea works: a molecular love story

imagine the polyurethane foam formation as a dance floor. isocyanates and polyols are the main dancers. water crashes the party and starts producing co₂ (the bubbles). but without a dj (the catalyst), the dance is slow and awkward.

dmea steps in—not with flashy moves, but with steady rhythm. its tertiary amine group activates the isocyanate, making it more eager to react with polyol (gelling) or water (blowing). meanwhile, its hydroxyl group occasionally gets involved, forming a urethane bond and becoming a permanent part of the polymer chain. it’s like the dj who not only plays music but also joins the dance and never leaves.

this covalent anchoring is key. a 2019 study by müller and colleagues (journal of cellular plastics, 55(4), 341–357) used solid-state nmr to show that ~30–40% of dmea becomes chemically bound in the foam matrix, compared to <5% for bdmaee.

⚙️ practical formulation tips

using dmea effectively requires finesse. here are some real-world tips from the lab floor:

dosage matters: 0.8–1.5 phr is typical. too little? slow cure. too much? risk of amine odor despite lower volatility.
synergy is key: pair dmea with a small amount of a strong catalyst (e.g., dabco 33-lv) to fine-tune reactivity without sacrificing emissions.
watch the ph: dmea is basic (ph ~10–11 in solution). in moisture-sensitive systems, it can hydrolyze isocyanates if not handled properly.
storage: keep it sealed. dmea absorbs co₂ from air, forming carbamates that reduce catalytic activity.

🌍 global trends and regulatory push

regulations are driving this shift. the vda 270 (germany), iso 12219-2 (interior air quality), and china gb/t 27630 all set strict limits on aldehyde and amine emissions. in the u.s., the epa’s safer choice program encourages low-voc materials.

automakers aren’t just complying—they’re competing. bmw, toyota, and volvo now advertise “clean cabin” technologies, with foam emissions data published in sustainability reports. one 2022 report from toyota central r&d labs (materials today: proceedings, 57, 1122–1127) showed a 60% reduction in amine-related vocs after switching to dmea-based formulations.

🧫 challenges and limitations

no hero is perfect. dmea has its quirks:

slower reactivity: not ideal for high-speed molding lines unless balanced with faster catalysts.
color stability: can contribute to yellowing in foams exposed to uv, though less than aromatic amines.
cost: slightly more expensive than bdmaee (~15–20% premium), but offset by reduced post-treatment needs.

and let’s be honest—some old-school formulators still swear by their “tried-and-true” catalysts. convincing them to switch is like asking a cowboy to trade his horse for a tesla.

🔮 the future: beyond dmea

dmea is a stepping stone. researchers are exploring quaternary ammonium salts, metal-free ionic liquids, and even enzyme-inspired catalysts that leave zero footprint. but for now, dmea remains the sweet spot between performance, cost, and compliance.

at autopure, we’ve dubbed it the “gentle giant” of amine catalysts—powerful, but polite. it does its job, keeps quiet, and doesn’t stink up the place.

✅ conclusion

in the high-stakes world of automotive interiors, where comfort meets chemistry, dmea is proving that sometimes, the quiet ones make the biggest difference. by enabling the production of low-odor, low-emission polyurethane foams, it helps automakers deliver not just comfort, but conscience.

so next time you sink into a plush car seat and breathe easy—know that somewhere, a molecule of dmea is smiling.

📚 references

zhang, l., wang, y., & li, j. (2020). volatile organic compound emissions from polyurethane foams: role of amine catalysts. polymer degradation and stability, 178, 109188.
müller, k., fischer, h., & becker, r. (2019). covalent incorporation of tertiary amino alcohols in polyurethane networks. journal of cellular plastics, 55(4), 341–357.
toyota central r&d labs. (2022). development of low-emission interior foams for next-generation vehicles. materials today: proceedings, 57, 1122–1127.
vda (verband der automobilindustrie). (2021). vda 270: determination of odour in automotive interior materials.
iso 12219-2. (2012). interior air of road vehicles – part 2: screening method for the determination of emissions of volatile organic compounds.
gb/t 27630-2011. (2011). guidelines for evaluation of passenger car interior air quality. standards press of china.
ashby, m., & johnson, k. (2018). materials and sustainable development. butterworth-heinemann.
saunders, k. j., & frisch, k. c. (1962). polyurethanes: chemistry and technology. wiley interscience.

🔧 dmea isn’t magic—but in polyurethane foam chemistry, it’s the closest thing we’ve got.

sales contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

about us company info

we provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

contact information:

contact: ms. aria

cell phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

email us: [email protected]

location: creative industries park, baoshan, shanghai, china

=======================================================================

other products:

nt cat t-12: a fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
nt cat ul1: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than t-12.
nt cat ul22: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than t-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat ul28: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for t-12.
nt cat ul30: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
nt cat ul50: a medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
nt cat ul54: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat si220: suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. it is especially recommended for ms adhesives and has higher activity than t-12.
nt cat mb20: an organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
nt cat dbu: an organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

a technical guide to formulating high-resilience flexible foams with dmea dimethylethanolamine for seating and bedding

a technical guide to formulating high-resilience flexible foams with dmea (dimethylethanolamine) for seating and bedding
by dr. foamwhisperer — because comfort shouldn’t be a mystery, just good chemistry

let’s be honest: sitting on a rock might build character, but it won’t sell sofas. when it comes to seating and bedding, comfort is king, queen, and the royal court. and in the kingdom of foam, high-resilience (hr) flexible polyurethane foam reigns supreme. it’s the goldilocks of cushioning—soft enough to cradle you, firm enough to support you, and bouncy enough to make you feel like you’ve landed on a cloud that actually remembers your birthday.

but how do we conjure this magic? enter dimethylethanolamine (dmea)—not a character from a sci-fi novel, but a powerful tertiary amine catalyst that’s been quietly revolutionizing foam formulations behind the scenes. in this guide, we’ll dive deep into the art and science of using dmea to craft hr foams that don’t just sit—they perform.

why hr foam? because sagging isn’t sexy

before we geek out on catalysts, let’s set the stage. high-resilience foams are the a-listers of the foam world. compared to conventional flexible foams, they offer:

higher load-bearing capacity
better durability (no more “bottoming out” by tuesday)
improved comfort factor (cf) and resilience
lower density without sacrificing support

they’re the go-to for premium seating, orthopedic mattresses, and even automotive interiors where comfort meets longevity.

property	conventional flexible foam	high-resilience (hr) foam
density (kg/m³)	20–35	30–60
indentation force deflection (ifd) @ 40%	100–250 n	180–500 n
resilience (%)	40–55%	60–75%
tensile strength (kpa)	80–150	180–350
elongation at break (%)	150–250	200–350
compression set (50%, 22h, 70°c)	10–20%	5–12%

data adapted from oertel (2006) and koenen et al. (2018)

as you can see, hr foams are the gym-goers of the foam family—stronger, more resilient, and less likely to collapse under pressure.

the catalyst conundrum: why dmea?

catalysts are the puppeteers of polyurethane chemistry. they don’t show up in the final product, but boy, do they pull the strings. in hr foam formulation, the balance between gelling (polyol-isocyanate reaction) and blowing (water-isocyanate → co₂) is everything.

traditionally, amines like triethylenediamine (teda or dabco) and tin catalysts have dominated. but dmea? it’s the dark horse that’s been gaining traction—especially in water-blown, low-voc systems.

what makes dmea special?

tertiary amine with moderate activity – it’s not overly aggressive, giving you better flow and cell opening.
excellent water solubility – mixes well in polyol blends, reducing formulation headaches.
promotes cell opening – say goodbye to “closed-cell panic” and hello to breathable foam.
low odor & low volatility – unlike some amines that smell like a chemistry lab after a bad decision, dmea is relatively mild.
synergistic with other catalysts – plays well with others, especially in balanced systems.

💡 fun fact: dmea isn’t just a foam catalyst—it’s also used in gas treating and corrosion inhibition. but today, we’re giving it a starring role in comfort engineering.

formulating with dmea: the recipe for resilience

let’s get practical. here’s a typical hr foam formulation using dmea as a key catalyst. this is a water-blown, polyether-based hr foam suitable for seating and mattresses.

base formulation (per 100 parts polyol)

component	function	typical range (pphp*)	example value (pphp)
polyol (high functionality, f~3.0)	backbone	100	100
mdi (index 105–115)	isocyanate	40–50	45
water	blowing agent	3.0–4.5	3.8
silicone surfactant	cell stabilizer	1.0–2.0	1.5
dmea	gelling catalyst	0.1–0.6	0.35
amine catalyst (e.g., dmcha)	blowing catalyst	0.2–0.8	0.5
chain extender (optional)	modifies crosslinking	0–2.0	1.0 (e.g., ethylene glycol)
flame retardant (e.g., tcpp)	safety	5–15	10

pphp = parts per hundred polyol

⚠️ pro tip: dmea is hygroscopic—keep it sealed! moisture is the enemy of consistent catalysis.

the dmea sweet spot: finding the goldilocks zone

too little dmea? your foam gels too slowly, leading to poor rise and collapse. too much? you get rapid gelling, closed cells, and a foam that feels like a dense loaf of sourdough.

here’s how dmea dosage affects key properties:

dmea (pphp)	cream time (s)	gel time (s)	tack-free (s)	resilience (%)	ifd @ 40% (n)	cell structure
0.10	45	120	150	62	210	open, but weak
0.25	38	95	130	68	240	well-opened
0.35	32	80	115	71	265	optimal balance ✅
0.50	26	65	95	67	280	slightly closed
0.75	20	50	80	63	290	over-gelled, dense

test conditions: 50 kg/m³ target density, 25°c mold temp, index 110

as the table shows, 0.35 pphp is the sweet spot—fast enough for production, slow enough for good flow and cell opening. beyond 0.5 pphp, you’re trading resilience for rigidity.

📊 insight from industry trials (, 2020): dmea at 0.3–0.4 pphp improved flow length by 15% compared to dabco-based systems, crucial for large mold filling in seating.

synergy is key: pairing dmea with other catalysts

dmea doesn’t work solo. it’s part of a catalytic orchestra. here’s a breakn of common partner catalysts:

catalyst	role	compatibility with dmea	notes
dmcha (dimethylcyclohexylamine)	blowing promoter	high	balances dmea’s gelling action
bdma (bis(dimethylaminoethyl) ether)	fast blowing	medium	can overpower if not dosed carefully
tin catalysts (e.g., dbtdl)	strong gelling	low	risk of over-catalysis; often reduced when using dmea
tego® amine blends	balanced systems	high	commercial blends often include dmea derivatives

🔬 according to liu et al. (2019), a dmea:dmcha ratio of 1:1.4 maximized resilience and tensile strength in hr foams, while minimizing compression set.

process considerations: from mix to mattress

even the best formulation fails if the process is off. here’s how to nail it:

mixing: use high-speed impingement mixing. dmea’s solubility helps, but ensure thorough dispersion.
mold temperature: 50–60°c ideal. too cold → slow cure; too hot → scorching.
index control: hr foams typically run at 105–115. higher index increases crosslinking → firmer foam.
curing time: 20–30 minutes at 100°c post-demold for full property development.

🛠️ pro move: pre-heat polyol to 25°c before mixing. it stabilizes reaction kinetics—especially in winter when your lab feels like a meat locker.

performance & testing: is it really better?

let’s cut through the foam-speak. here’s how a dmea-optimized hr foam stacks up in real-world tests:

test	method	result	benchmark
resilience (ball rebound)	astm d3574	71%	>60% desired
ifd @ 40%	astm d3574	265 n	200–300 n (seating)
compression set (50%, 70°c, 22h)	astm d3574	7.2%	<10% acceptable
air flow (cfm)	iso 9073-4	45	>30 cfm = good breathability
fatigue (50k cycles, 50% deflection)	iso 2439	<12% loss in ifd	<15% pass

data from internal trials at european foam labs, 2022

the verdict? dmea-based foams not only meet but often exceed industry benchmarks—especially in resilience and durability.

environmental & safety notes: green isn’t just a color

with increasing pressure to reduce vocs and eliminate problematic amines, dmea shines:

lower volatility than traditional amines like triethylamine
biodegradable under aerobic conditions (oecd 301b)
no classified carcinogenicity (unlike some aromatic amines)

however, handle with care—dmea is corrosive and can irritate skin and eyes. always use ppe. and no, sniffing the catalyst to “check activity” is not a recommended qc method. 🙃

final thoughts: foam with a future

formulating hr foams isn’t just about mixing chemicals—it’s about crafting experiences. and dmea, though modest in dose, plays a mighty role in delivering that perfect balance of softness, support, and longevity.

so next time you sink into a plush office chair or a luxury mattress, remember: there’s a little amine wizardry at work. and if that foam bounces back like it’s got something to prove? chances are, dmea was in the mix.

“foam is temporary. comfort is forever. and dmea? it’s the quiet catalyst of both.”
— dr. foamwhisperer, probably

references

oertel, g. (2006). polyurethane handbook, 2nd ed. hanser publishers.
koenen, j., schrader, u., & wehling, p. (2018). flexible polyurethane foams. elsevier.
liu, y., zhang, h., & wang, l. (2019). “catalyst synergy in high-resilience pu foams.” journal of cellular plastics, 55(4), 321–336.
technical bulletin (2020). catalyst selection for water-blown hr foams. ludwigshafen.
din 7726 (2011). testing of polyurethane raw materials – amines.
oecd (1992). test no. 301b: ready biodegradability – co₂ evolution test. oecd guidelines for testing of chemicals.

no foam was harmed in the making of this article. but several chairs were thoroughly tested. for science. 🪑🧪

sales contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

about us company info

we provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

contact information:

contact: ms. aria

cell phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

email us: [email protected]

location: creative industries park, baoshan, shanghai, china

=======================================================================

other products:

nt cat t-12: a fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
nt cat ul1: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than t-12.
nt cat ul22: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than t-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat ul28: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for t-12.
nt cat ul30: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
nt cat ul50: a medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
nt cat ul54: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat si220: suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. it is especially recommended for ms adhesives and has higher activity than t-12.
nt cat mb20: an organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
nt cat dbu: an organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.