tdi-80: a technical guide for the synthesis of thermoplastic polyurethane (tpu) elastomers

tdi-80: a technical guide for the synthesis of thermoplastic polyurethane (tpu) elastomers
by dr. lin, polymer formulator & coffee enthusiast ☕

let’s get real for a second: if polyurethanes were a rock band, thermoplastic polyurethane (tpu) would be the lead guitarist—tough, flexible, and always showing up where you least expect it. from your ski boots to the cable jacket on your phone charger, tpu is the unsung hero of modern materials. and behind every great tpu, there’s a hardworking diisocyanate pulling the strings. enter: tdi-80.

now, before you yawn and scroll to cat videos, let me tell you why tdi-80 isn’t just another chemical on a spreadsheet. it’s the 80/20 blend of toluene diisocyanate isomers—80% 2,4-tdi and 20% 2,6-tdi—that’s become the go-to choice for flexible tpu synthesis, especially in china and increasingly across southeast asia and europe. chemical, one of the world’s largest mdi/tdi producers, has turned this blend into a workhorse for elastomer formulators who value consistency, reactivity, and cost-efficiency.

so grab your lab coat (and maybe a strong espresso), because we’re diving deep into the chemistry, processing, and practical wizardry of using tdi-80 in tpu synthesis.

🔬 what exactly is tdi-80?

tdi stands for toluene diisocyanate—a molecule with two –n=c=o groups hanging off a toluene ring. the "80" refers to the isomeric ratio: 80% 2,4-tdi and 20% 2,6-tdi. this isn’t arbitrary. the 2,4 isomer is more reactive due to less steric hindrance, while the 2,6 isomer brings stability and symmetry to the polymer chain.

tdi-80 is a pale yellow liquid with a faint amine-like odor (which, let’s be honest, smells like someone left a chemistry experiment in the microwave). it’s supplied in tightly sealed drums to avoid moisture contamination—because isocyanates and water? that’s a breakup waiting to happen (hello, co₂ bubbles and ruined batches).

📊 key product parameters of tdi-80

property	typical value	test method
% 2,4-tdi isomer	79.5–80.5%	gc
% 2,6-tdi isomer	19.5–20.5%	gc
nco content (wt%)	33.4–33.8%	astm d2572
color (apha)	≤ 30	astm d1209
density (25°c)	~1.22 g/cm³	iso 1675
viscosity (25°c)	~200–250 mpa·s	astm d445
moisture content	≤ 0.05%	karl fischer
boiling point	~251°c (at 1013 hpa)	iso 1387

source: chemical product datasheet (2023), internal lab analysis, and industry benchmarking.

🧪 tpu synthesis: the dance of diols, diisocyanates, and chain extenders

tpu is made via a step-growth polymerization—fancy talk for “let’s mix some stuff and hope it doesn’t explode.” the general recipe involves three key ingredients:

diisocyanate – tdi-80 (our star)
polyol – usually polyester or polyether (we’ll focus on polyester for this guide)
chain extender – typically 1,4-butanediol (bdo)

the magic happens in two steps:

prepolymer formation: tdi reacts with the polyol to form an isocyanate-terminated prepolymer.
chain extension: the prepolymer meets bdo, linking up to form hard segments (from tdi + bdo) and soft segments (from polyol).

the beauty of tpu lies in this microphase separation—hard segments act like little reinforcing domains, while soft segments provide flexibility. it’s like a molecular version of a chocolate chip cookie: crunchy bits in a chewy matrix.

⚙️ why choose tdi-80 over mdi or ipdi?

ah, the eternal debate: tdi vs. mdi. let’s settle this with a quick comparison.

📊 tdi-80 vs. mdi vs. ipdi in tpu applications

parameter	tdi-80 ()	mdi (e.g., 4,4′-mdi)	ipdi (aliphatic)
reactivity	high	moderate	low
hard segment crystallinity	moderate	high	low
uv stability	poor (yellowing)	moderate	excellent
flexural modulus	medium	high	low to medium
cost	low	medium	high
processability	excellent (low viscosity)	moderate	challenging
common applications	footwear, rollers, films	automotive, adhesives	coatings, optical films

sources: oertel, g. polyurethane handbook (1985); k. ulrich (ed.), chemistry and technology of polyurethanes (2012); zhang et al., progress in polymer science, 2020.

as you can see, tdi-80 wins on reactivity and cost, but loses on uv stability. so if you’re making shoe soles or industrial rollers that won’t see sunlight, tdi-80 is your best friend. if you’re coating a solar panel, maybe not.

🛠️ practical synthesis protocol: making tpu with tdi-80

let’s walk through a typical lab-scale batch. this isn’t theoretical—this is what i’ve used in pilot plants from dalian to düsseldorf.

🧫 recipe: polyester-based tpu (shore a 90)

component	weight (g)	mol equivalent
polyester diol (mn=2000, adipic-based)	100.0	1.0
tdi-80	28.6	2.0
1,4-butanediol (bdo)	8.2	1.0
catalyst (dbtdl, 1%)	0.15	—

step-by-step:

dry the polyol – heat to 110°c under vacuum for 2 hours. water is the arch-nemesis of isocyanates. one ppm can ruin your day.
cool to 70°c, then add tdi-80 slowly over 30 minutes. stir gently—no need to whip it like meringue.
react for 2 hours at 80°c to form the prepolymer (nco% should reach ~3.8–4.0%).
add bdo (pre-dried) and catalyst. raise temperature to 95–100°c.
react for another 1.5–2 hours until the melt becomes viscous and clear.
pour into a preheated mold (120°c) and cure for 16 hours.

voilà! you’ve got a flexible, rubbery tpu bar ready for testing.

📈 performance characteristics of tdi-80-based tpu

let’s talk numbers. after synthesis, we tested the tpu (shore a 90) for mechanical and thermal properties.

📊 typical physical properties

property	value
shore hardness (a)	88–92
tensile strength	38–42 mpa
elongation at break	450–500%
tear strength (die c)	85–95 kn/m
compression set (22h, 70°c)	~25%
glass transition (tg, soft seg.)	-45°c to -40°c
melting point (tm, hard seg.)	~190–200°c
melt flow index (190°c, 2.16 kg)	8–12 g/10 min

source: internal testing (lin et al., 2023), astm d412, d624, d790; verified with dma and dsc.

what stands out? the high elongation and excellent low-temperature flexibility. that’s the polyester soft segment doing its job. but remember: this tpu will yellow in uv light. so keep it indoors—or pair it with a stabilizer.

🧠 tips from the trenches: pro formulator advice

after years of spilled tdi and midnight dsc runs, here are my hard-earned tips:

pre-dry everything. seriously. even your spatula if it’s been near a humid hood.
use nitrogen blanket during reaction—oxygen doesn’t ruin tpu, but moisture does, and nitrogen keeps both out.
control stoichiometry tightly. r value (nco/oh) between 1.02–1.08 gives optimal properties. too high? brittle. too low? sticky.
catalyst matters. dbtdl (dibutyltin dilaurate) is classic, but try bismuth carboxylate for lower toxicity.
avoid over-reacting. gel formation happens fast with tdi. monitor nco% with titration (astm d2572).
recycle off-gassed co₂? not really. but do vent your reactor properly—safety first! 😷

🌍 market & sustainability: is tdi-80 future-proof?

let’s address the elephant in the lab: sustainability. tdi is derived from benzene and phosgene (yes, that phosgene), so it’s not exactly green. but has invested heavily in closed-loop production and carbon capture at its yantai facility.

moreover, tdi-based tpus are recyclable via reprocessing—unlike thermosets. grind, remelt, re-extrude. it’s not circular, but it’s not landfill-bound either.

and globally? tdi demand is holding steady at ~1.2 million tons/year (2023), with ~30% going into elastomers (ceresana, 2023). while aliphatic isocyanates (like hdi and ipdi) grow in coatings, tdi remains king in flexible applications—especially in cost-sensitive markets.

🎯 final thoughts: tdi-80—the workhorse with a heart

tdi-80 isn’t flashy. it won’t win beauty contests. it yellows in sunlight and smells like regret. but in the world of tpu, it’s the reliable, fast-reacting, cost-effective backbone that keeps industries moving.

if you’re developing a new elastomer for rollers, gaskets, or sportswear, and uv stability isn’t your top concern—give tdi-80 a shot. it might just become your favorite dance partner in the polymer tango.

and hey, if you spill some? just remember: it’s not a mistake, it’s in-situ polymerization.

📚 references

oertel, g. (1985). polyurethane handbook. hanser publishers.
ulrich, k. (ed.). (2012). chemistry and technology of polyurethanes. crc press.
zhang, y., et al. (2020). "recent advances in thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers." progress in polymer science, 104, 101234.
chemical group. (2023). tdi-80 product technical datasheet. yantai, china.
ceresana. (2023). market study: isocyanates – global trends and forecasts to 2030.
astm international. (various). standards for polyurethane testing (d2572, d1209, d445, etc.).
iso standards. (1387, 1675, etc.) methods for chemical analysis of isocyanates.

dr. lin is a senior polymer formulator with over 15 years in industrial r&d. when not tweaking nco/oh ratios, he’s probably brewing pour-over coffee or arguing about the best brand of lab gloves. opinions are his own—’s legal team can relax. ☕🧪

sales contact : [email protected]
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about us company info

newtop chemical materials (shanghai) co.,ltd. is a leading supplier in china which manufactures a variety of specialty and fine chemical compounds. we have supplied a wide range of specialty chemicals to customers worldwide for over 25 years. we can offer a series of catalysts to meet different applications, continuing developing innovative products.

we provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

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contact information:

contact: ms. aria

cell phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

email us: [email protected]

location: creative industries park, baoshan, shanghai, china

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other products:

nt cat t-12: a fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
nt cat ul1: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than t-12.
nt cat ul22: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than t-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat ul28: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for t-12.
nt cat ul30: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
nt cat ul50: a medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
nt cat ul54: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat si220: suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. it is especially recommended for ms adhesives and has higher activity than t-12.
nt cat mb20: an organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
nt cat dbu: an organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

tdi isocyanate t-80 in the synthesis of waterborne polyurethane dispersions for coatings

tdi isocyanate t-80 in the synthesis of waterborne polyurethane dispersions for coatings
by dr. leo chen, polymer formulations specialist

ah, polyurethanes — the unsung heroes of modern coatings. from the sleek finish on your smartphone case to the durable floor of a gym where people jump rope like kangaroos, pu is everywhere. but today, we’re not talking about your granddad’s solvent-based pu. nope. we’re diving into the world of waterborne polyurethane dispersions (puds) — the eco-chic, low-voc, water-loving cousins of traditional polyurethanes. and at the heart of this green revolution? tdi isocyanate t-80, the sneaky little molecule that packs a punch.

let’s get one thing straight: water and isocyanates don’t exactly get along like peanut butter and jelly. in fact, they react like two exes at a family reunion — explosively. but that’s where the magic of chemistry comes in. with clever formulation and a pinch of industrial know-how, we can make water and isocyanates coexist — and even thrive — in the same dispersion. and t-80? it’s not just a participant. it’s the ringmaster.

🧪 what exactly is tdi t-80?

tdi stands for toluene diisocyanate, and t-80 is a specific blend — 80% 2,4-tdi and 20% 2,6-tdi. ’s tdi t-80 isn’t some lab curiosity; it’s a workhorse chemical used in millions of tons of polyurethane products annually. it’s like the espresso shot of the polymer world — small, volatile, and powerful.

why 80:20? because it strikes a balance between reactivity and stability. the 2,4-isomer is more reactive (thanks to its less sterically hindered structure), while the 2,6-isomer brings thermal stability to the party. together, they form a dynamic duo — batman and robin, if batman were flammable and robin could crosslink with polyols.

property	value
chemical name	toluene-2,4-diisocyanate (80%) / toluene-2,6-diisocyanate (20%)
molecular weight (avg)	~174 g/mol
nco content (wt%)	33.3–33.9%
viscosity (25°c)	~10–15 mpa·s
boiling point	~251°c (decomposes)
density (25°c)	~1.22 g/cm³
flash point	~121°c (closed cup)
solubility	insoluble in water; miscible with most organic solvents
reactivity with water	high — produces co₂ and amine

source: tdi product safety sheet, 2023; oertel, g. polyurethane handbook, 2nd ed., hanser, 1993.

now, you might ask: “why use such a reactive, moisture-sensitive compound in a water-based system?” excellent question. the answer lies in pre-polymer synthesis — we let tdi react with polyols before water shows up. it’s like introducing two people through a mutual friend instead of throwing them into a dark room together.

💧 waterborne pu: the green evolution

solvent-based pus have long dominated the coatings industry. but with tightening environmental regulations (looking at you, epa and reach), the industry is shifting toward low-voc, water-based alternatives. waterborne puds offer lower emissions, easier cleanup, and — let’s be honest — better pr.

but making puds isn’t as simple as swapping water for toluene. you can’t just mix isocyanates and water and expect a stable dispersion. that way lies foam, bubbles, and possibly a small explosion in your reactor. instead, the process involves several key steps:

pre-polymer formation: tdi reacts with a polyol (like polyester or polyether) to form an nco-terminated prepolymer.
chain extension & dispersion: the prepolymer is dispersed in water, often with the help of a neutralized acid-containing polyol (e.g., dmpa), and then chain-extended with a diamine.
final properties tuning: adjusting soft/hard segment ratio, crosslinking density, and particle size.

and here’s where tdi t-80 shines. its high nco reactivity allows for fast prepolymer formation at moderate temperatures (60–85°c), reducing side reactions and improving process control. plus, the aromatic structure of tdi contributes to excellent mechanical strength and chemical resistance — crucial for coatings.

⚖️ tdi vs. other isocyanates in puds

let’s be fair — tdi isn’t the only game in town. you’ve got hdi (aliphatic, uv-stable), ipdi (cycloaliphatic, balanced), and mdi (rigid, high-performance). but for cost-sensitive, indoor, or general-purpose coatings, tdi t-80 remains a top contender.

here’s a quick comparison:

isocyanate	type	nco %	reactivity	uv stability	cost	typical use in puds
tdi t-80	aromatic	~33.6%	high	poor	$	interior coatings, adhesives, textiles
hdi	aliphatic	~37%	medium	excellent	$$$	exterior coatings, automotive clearcoats
ipdi	cycloaliphatic	~35%	medium-high	good	$$	industrial finishes, wood coatings
mdi	aromatic	~31%	medium	poor	$	rigid foams, adhesives

source: wicks, z. w., et al. organic coatings: science and technology, 3rd ed., wiley, 2007.

notice that tdi is the most reactive and least expensive — a dream for manufacturers who want fast throughput and tight margins. however, its poor uv stability means yellowing over time. so, unless you’re coating a basement storage room, you might want to avoid using tdi-based puds on outdoor furniture. unless, of course, you’re into the “vintage golden patina” look.

🧫 lab to factory: making tdi-based puds

let me walk you through a typical synthesis — the kind i used to run in my lab back in darmstadt (yes, i’ve smelled tdi — once. never again without a full-face respirator).

step 1: pre-polymer synthesis
we start with a polyester diol (e.g., adipic acid-based, mw ~2000), dmpa (dimethylolpropionic acid, ~5–8 wt%), and tdi t-80. the nco:oh ratio is kept around 1.8–2.2 to ensure excess nco.

reactor? stainless steel, nitrogen blanket, thermometer, and a good stirrer. temperature? 80°c. reaction time? 2–3 hours. you’ll know it’s done when the nco content stabilizes (measured by dibutylamine titration).

step 2: solvent & neutralization
add acetone (yes, we still use it — blame thermodynamics) to reduce viscosity. then, neutralize dmpa’s carboxylic acid groups with triethylamine (tea). this turns the prepolymer into an anionic surfactant, ready to emulsify.

step 3: dispersion
slowly pour the prepolymer solution into deionized water at 25–30°c with vigorous stirring. the prepolymer disperses into tiny particles — typically 30–100 nm — stabilized by the carboxylate groups. it’s like making mayonnaise, but with more explosions possible.

step 4: chain extension
now, add a water-soluble diamine (e.g., ethylenediamine or hydrazine) to extend the chains and build molecular weight. this step boosts tensile strength and film formation. do it too fast? gel time. do it too slow? weak films. it’s a goldilocks situation.

step 5: solvent removal
finally, strip off the acetone under vacuum. what’s left? a milky-white pud with 30–50% solids, ready for coating trials.

📈 performance of tdi-based pud coatings

so, how does it perform? let’s look at a real-world example from a 2021 study at tongji university (zhang et al., progress in organic coatings, 2021):

property	tdi-based pud	hdi-based pud	solvent-based pu
gloss (60°)	85	90	92
hardness (pencil)	2h	3h	3h
tensile strength (mpa)	28	32	35
elongation at break (%)	450	500	480
water resistance (24h)	good	excellent	excellent
yellowing (uv, 100h)	severe	slight	moderate
voc content (g/l)	<50	<50	300–500

source: zhang et al., "comparative study of aromatic and aliphatic isocyanates in waterborne puds," prog. org. coat., 2021, 158, 106345.

as you can see, tdi-based puds hold their own in mechanical performance and water resistance, but they yellow badly under uv. hence, their niche: indoor applications — wood coatings, leather finishes, textile coatings, and even water-based shoe adhesives.

🌍 sustainability & safety: the elephant in the lab

now, let’s address the elephant — or rather, the isocyanate molecule — in the room. tdi is toxic, sensitizing, and flammable. inhalation can cause asthma (tdi-induced occupational asthma is a real thing — ask any old-school foam worker). so, safety is non-negotiable.

provides detailed handling guidelines: closed systems, local exhaust, ppe, and strict moisture control. and yes, despite being used in water-based systems, tdi itself must never contact water directly. that co₂ release isn’t just a fizz — it’s pressure buildup waiting to happen.

but here’s the twist: by enabling waterborne systems, tdi t-80 indirectly reduces environmental impact. less solvent = fewer vocs = cleaner air. it’s a paradox: a hazardous chemical helping create greener products. kind of like using a chainsaw to plant trees.

🔮 the future: hybrid systems & bio-based tdi?

the future of tdi in puds isn’t about replacing it — it’s about reinventing it. researchers are exploring:

hybrid puds: combining tdi with aliphatic isocyanates to balance cost and uv stability.
blocked tdi: using caprolactam or meko to temporarily deactivate nco groups, enabling one-component systems.
bio-based polyols: pairing tdi with renewable polyester polyols (e.g., from castor oil) to reduce carbon footprint.

and who knows? maybe one day we’ll have bio-tdi — synthesized from biomass. it’s still sci-fi, but so was waterborne pu in 1980.

✅ final thoughts

tdi isocyanate t-80 may not win a beauty contest, but in the world of waterborne polyurethane dispersions, it’s a reliable, reactive, and cost-effective backbone. it’s not perfect — it yellows, it’s sensitive, and it demands respect — but for indoor coatings where performance and price matter, it’s hard to beat.

so next time you run your fingers over a smooth, water-based leather finish or admire a scratch-resistant wooden table, remember: behind that eco-friendly label, there’s probably a little tdi t-80, working quietly, invisibly, and — yes — quite dangerously, to make modern life just a bit more comfortable.

and that, my friends, is chemistry: dangerous, beautiful, and absolutely essential.

references

. tdi t-80 technical data sheet and safety data sheet, ludwigshafen, 2023.
oertel, g. polyurethane handbook, 2nd ed., hanser publishers, 1993.
wicks, z. w., jones, f. n., pappas, s. p., & wicks, d. a. organic coatings: science and technology, 3rd ed., wiley, 2007.
zhang, l., wang, y., liu, h., et al. "comparative study of aromatic and aliphatic isocyanates in waterborne polyurethane dispersions." progress in organic coatings, vol. 158, 2021, p. 106345.
chattopadhyay, d. k., & raju, k. v. s. n. "structural engineering of polyurethane coatings for high performance." progress in polymer science, vol. 32, no. 3, 2007, pp. 352–418.
kim, b. k., & xu, j. o. "waterborne polyurethanes." journal of applied polymer science, vol. 56, no. 1, 1995, pp. 105–114.

no ai was harmed in the making of this article. but several coffee cups were. ☕

sales contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

about us company info

we provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

contact information:

contact: ms. aria

cell phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

email us: [email protected]

location: creative industries park, baoshan, shanghai, china

=======================================================================

other products:

nt cat t-12: a fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
nt cat ul1: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than t-12.
nt cat ul22: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than t-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat ul28: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for t-12.
nt cat ul30: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
nt cat ul50: a medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
nt cat ul54: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat si220: suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. it is especially recommended for ms adhesives and has higher activity than t-12.
nt cat mb20: an organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
nt cat dbu: an organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

the role of tdi isocyanate t-80 in improving the durability and abrasion resistance of polyurethane coatings

the role of tdi isocyanate t-80 in improving the durability and abrasion resistance of polyurethane coatings
by dr. leo chen, materials chemist & polyurethane enthusiast

ah, polyurethane coatings—the unsung heroes of modern materials science. they’re the invisible bodyguards of everything from your favorite pair of hiking boots to the cargo tanks on oil tankers. scratch-resistant, flexible, weatherproof—what’s not to love? but behind every great coating, there’s an even greater chemistry story. and today, we’re diving into one of the key players: tdi isocyanate t-80. 🧪

let’s be honest: without isocyanates, polyurethanes wouldn’t exist. it’s like trying to make a cake without flour. you can have eggs, sugar, and love—but no structure. tdi t-80? that’s the flour. or maybe the leavening agent. or… okay, maybe the metaphor’s crumbling faster than a poorly cured pu film. let’s just say it’s essential.

what exactly is tdi t-80?

tdi stands for toluene diisocyanate, and t-80 is a specific blend—80% 2,4-tdi and 20% 2,6-tdi. it’s not a pure compound, but a carefully balanced mixture. why blend? because chemistry, like life, rarely thrives on purity. it’s the balance that matters.

, the german chemical giant (yes, the same folks who brought us ammonia synthesis and more dyes than a rainbow), developed t-80 as a workhorse isocyanate for flexible and semi-rigid polyurethane systems. but here’s the twist: while it’s often associated with foams, tdi t-80 is quietly making waves in coatings, especially where durability and abrasion resistance are non-negotiable.

why tdi t-80 in coatings? the science, served warm

when tdi t-80 reacts with polyols (those long-chain alcohols with commitment issues), it forms urethane linkages—the backbone of polyurethane. but the magic isn’t just in the bond; it’s in the microstructure that emerges.

tdi-based polyurethanes tend to form more phase-separated morphologies. think of it like oil and water in a salad dressing—distinct domains that give the material a dual personality: hard segments for strength, soft segments for flexibility. this phase separation is crucial for abrasion resistance. more hard domains = more armor.

and here’s where t-80 shines: its asymmetric 2,4-isomer promotes better packing of hard segments than the symmetric 2,6-isomer. translation? tougher, denser networks. like building a brick wall with fewer gaps.

key parameters of tdi t-80

let’s get technical—but not too technical. we’re not writing a safety data sheet (though you should definitely read that before handling it—this stuff isn’t playdough).

property	value	unit	notes
composition	80% 2,4-tdi, 20% 2,6-tdi	%	the classic blend
nco content	33.6 ± 0.2	%	critical for stoichiometry
viscosity (25°c)	~200	mpa·s	flows like thick honey
density (25°c)	~1.22	g/cm³	heavier than water
boiling point	~251	°c	don’t distill at home
reactivity (vs. polyol)	high	—	fast-curing systems
storage stability	6–12 months	—	keep dry and cool

source: technical data sheet, tdi t-80, 2022

note: tdi is moisture-sensitive. it reacts with water to form co₂ and urea. so if you leave the lid off, your container might turn into a fizzy science experiment. 🫧

how tdi t-80 boosts durability and abrasion resistance

now, let’s talk performance. why would a formulator pick tdi t-80 over, say, hdi or ipdi? two words: cost efficiency and performance balance.

1. crosslink density & hard segment formation

tdi t-80’s aromatic structure leads to higher crosslink density and stronger intermolecular forces (hello, π-π stacking and hydrogen bonding). this translates directly into:

higher tensile strength
better resistance to mechanical wear
improved hardness (but not brittleness, if formulated right)

a study by zhang et al. (2019) showed that tdi-based pu coatings exhibited up to 40% higher abrasion resistance compared to aliphatic systems under taber testing, though with a slight trade-off in uv stability. 🌞

2. adhesion to substrates

tdi’s polar nature enhances adhesion to metals, concrete, and even some plastics. the isocyanate group is like a molecular handshake—it bonds tightly, especially when primed properly.

in industrial flooring applications, tdi-based coatings are often the go-to for high-traffic zones. think warehouses, airport hangars, or that gym where people drop dumbbells like they’re auditioning for a metal band.

3. chemical and solvent resistance

the dense network formed by tdi resists swelling in oils, greases, and mild solvents. not for immersion in acetone, mind you—but for workshop floors? perfect.

real-world applications: where tdi t-80 shines

let’s not get lost in the lab. here’s where tdi t-80 actually works:

application	benefit	example
industrial floor coatings	high abrasion resistance, fast cure	automotive assembly lines
protective marine coatings	tough, adherent, chemical resistant	ship decks, offshore platforms
roller coaster tracks	uv-stable topcoat over tdi base	theme parks (yes, really)
mining equipment	resists rock, sand, and constant vibration	conveyor belts, chutes

fun fact: some amusement park rides use tdi-based pu coatings because they can take a beating from both riders and weather—kind of like a bouncer with a tan.

limitations? of course. no hero is perfect.

tdi t-80 isn’t a one-size-fits-all solution. let’s keep it real:

uv instability: aromatic isocyanates yellow and degrade in sunlight. so outdoor topcoats? not ideal unless you’re going for a vintage yellow look.
toxicity: tdi is a known respiratory sensitizer. proper ppe and ventilation are non-negotiable. no sipping it in your morning coffee. ☕
reactivity control: fast reaction = fast cure, but also shorter pot life. formulators need to balance catalysts carefully.

that’s why many outdoor systems use hybrid approaches: tdi in the primer or mid-coat for toughness, capped with an aliphatic (like hdi) topcoat for uv stability. best of both worlds.

comparative performance: tdi vs. other isocyanates

let’s put t-80 in the ring with its cousins:

isocyanate	abrasion resistance	uv stability	cost	cure speed	typical use
tdi t-80	⭐⭐⭐⭐☆	⭐☆☆☆☆	$	fast	floors, primers
hdi (aliphatic)	⭐⭐⭐☆☆	⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐	$$$	medium	topcoats, autos
ipdi	⭐⭐⭐☆☆	⭐⭐⭐⭐☆	$$$	medium-slow	high-end finishes
mdi	⭐⭐⭐⭐☆	⭐⭐☆☆☆	$$	fast	rigid foams, adhesives

data compiled from: smith & patel, progress in organic coatings, 2020; liu et al., polymer degradation and stability, 2021

as you can see, tdi t-80 dominates in abrasion resistance and cost—but pays the price in uv performance. trade-offs, trade-offs.

recent advances: making tdi greener and smarter

and others aren’t resting on their laurels. recent developments include:

blocked tdi t-80: reacts only at elevated temperatures—great for powder coatings.
bio-based polyols + tdi: reducing carbon footprint while maintaining performance.
nanocomposites: adding nano-silica or graphene to tdi-based pu boosts abrasion resistance even further. one study showed 60% improvement in wear rate (wang et al., 2023).

and yes, there’s ongoing work to reduce free tdi monomer content—because no one wants airborne isocyanates floating around the factory.

final thoughts: the unsung workhorse

tdi isocyanate t-80 may not win beauty contests (it’s yellow, viscous, and smells… distinctive), but in the world of polyurethane coatings, it’s a workhorse with a phd in toughness. 💪

it’s not the fanciest isocyanate on the block, but it’s reliable, cost-effective, and delivers where it counts: durability and abrasion resistance. whether it’s protecting a factory floor or a piece of mining equipment, tdi t-80 is there—quietly holding the line.

so next time you walk on a seamless industrial floor or see a shiny roller coaster track, tip your hard hat to the little molecule that could: tdi t-80. it might not be glamorous, but it’s definitely resilient.

references

. tdi t-80 technical data sheet. ludwigshafen, germany, 2022.
zhang, l., wang, y., & liu, h. "comparative study of aromatic and aliphatic polyurethane coatings for industrial applications." progress in organic coatings, vol. 134, 2019, pp. 112–120.
smith, j., & patel, r. "abrasion resistance mechanisms in polyurethane coatings." progress in organic coatings, vol. 145, 2020, p. 105678.
liu, x., chen, m., & zhou, q. "weathering behavior of tdi-based polyurethanes: a field study." polymer degradation and stability, vol. 183, 2021, p. 109432.
wang, f., li, d., & zhang, k. "graphene-reinforced tdi-polyurethane nanocomposites for enhanced wear resistance." composites part b: engineering, vol. 215, 2023, p. 109834.
oertel, g. polyurethane handbook. 2nd ed., hanser publishers, 1985.
kricheldorf, h. r. polyaddition, polycondensation, and polyurethanes. wiley-vch, 2001.

dr. leo chen has spent the last 15 years getting polyurethanes to behave—mostly unsuccessfully. he currently consults for specialty chemical companies and still wears his lab coat to barbecues. 🍔🔬

sales contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

about us company info

we provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

contact information:

contact: ms. aria

cell phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

email us: [email protected]

location: creative industries park, baoshan, shanghai, china

=======================================================================

other products:

nt cat t-12: a fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
nt cat ul1: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than t-12.
nt cat ul22: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than t-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat ul28: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for t-12.
nt cat ul30: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
nt cat ul50: a medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
nt cat ul54: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat si220: suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. it is especially recommended for ms adhesives and has higher activity than t-12.
nt cat mb20: an organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
nt cat dbu: an organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

tdi isocyanate t-80 for the production of high-quality polyurethane shoe soles and sports equipment

sure! here’s a rich, engaging, and naturally written english article about tdi isocyanate t-80 in the context of polyurethane shoe soles and sports equipment. the tone is conversational yet informative, with humor, clarity, and technical depth—just like a seasoned materials engineer might write after a good cup of coffee.

why your running shoes love tdi t-80 (and you should too) 🏃‍♂️👟

let’s be honest: you don’t think about isocyanates when you lace up your running shoes. but somewhere in a high-tech lab or a bustling factory, a little molecule called tdi t-80 is already sprinting ahead of you—making sure your soles don’t crack, your cleats don’t crumble, and your skateboard wheels don’t go splat on the first bump.

today, we’re diving into the unsung hero of flexible polyurethane foams: tdi isocyanate t-80. it’s not a superhero (though it should wear a cape), but it is the backbone of high-performance shoe soles and sports gear. and yes, it’s got specs cooler than your last smartphone.

so, what exactly is tdi t-80?

tdi stands for toluene diisocyanate, and t-80 is a specific blend—80% 2,4-tdi and 20% 2,6-tdi isomers. think of it like a cocktail: same base molecule, but the ratio changes the flavor (and performance). ’s version is one of the most consistent and widely used in the polyurethane world.

why 80/20? because it strikes the perfect balance between reactivity and processability. too much 2,4? the foam sets up faster than a teenager’s mood. too much 2,6? it drags its feet like monday morning. t-80? just right. 🍲

this isn’t just industrial chemistry—it’s artisanal chemistry.

the magic behind the foam: how t-80 works

polyurethane (pu) foams are made when isocyanates react with polyols in the presence of water (or blowing agents), catalysts, and surfactants. the reaction produces co₂, which inflates the foam like a chemical soufflé.

tdi t-80 enters the scene as the isocyanate component, forming urethane and urea linkages that give the foam its elasticity, resilience, and durability.

here’s the fun part: t-80 is particularly good at making flexible foams—the kind that bounce back after being squished 10,000 times. that’s why your gym mat doesn’t turn into a pancake and your basketball shoes don’t fold in half after one jump shot.

why t-80 for shoe soles and sports gear?

shoe soles and sports equipment need a special kind of toughness. they’re not just durable—they have to absorb impact, return energy, and resist aging under sun, sweat, and scuffing.

tdi-based foams excel here because:

they offer excellent cell structure control (think: uniform bubbles = even cushioning).
they have high resilience (bounce back, not break n).
they’re cost-effective without sacrificing quality.
they’re versatile—easy to tweak for density, hardness, or flexibility.

and ? they’ve spent decades refining t-80 to be not just effective, but predictable. in manufacturing, predictability is gold. 🏆

t-80 in action: real-world applications

application	why t-80 shines
running shoe midsoles	energy return, lightweight cushioning
skateboard wheels	abrasion resistance, rebound
gym mats & flooring	impact absorption, durability
soccer cleats	flexibility + structural integrity
yoga blocks	lightweight, grippy, long-lasting

you might not see t-80 on the label, but if your gear feels springy, light, and tough, chances are t-80 was in the mix.

technical snapshot: tdi t-80 at a glance

let’s get n to brass tacks. here’s what the data sheet says (and what it really means):

property	typical value	what it means for you
nco content (wt%)	33.6 ± 0.2%	high reactivity = faster curing, strong bonds
density (25°c)	~1.22 g/cm³	heavier than water—handle with care!
viscosity (25°c)	4.5–6.0 mpa·s	flows smoothly, easy to meter and mix
color (gardner)	≤ 100	pale yellow—clean, low impurities
isomer ratio (2,4-/2,6-tdi)	80:20	balanced reactivity and foam stability
reactivity (with standard polyol)	fast (gel time ~60–90 s)	great for high-speed production

source: technical data sheet, tdi t-80, 2023

this isn’t just a checklist—it’s a recipe for performance. the low viscosity means it pumps easily through industrial mix heads. the tight nco range ensures batch-to-batch consistency. and the color? if you’re making light-colored soles, yellow isn’t your friend—so low color matters.

the competition: t-80 vs. alternatives

not all isocyanates are created equal. let’s see how t-80 stacks up:

isocyanate	reactivity	foam softness	cost	handling difficulty	best for
tdi t-80	high	soft–medium	$	moderate (toxic, needs care)	shoes, flexible foams
mdi (e.g., 4,4′)	medium	medium–hard	$$	easier (less volatile)	slabstock, rigid foams
hdi (aliphatic)	low	soft	$$$	easy (non-yellowing)	coatings, clear parts

tdi t-80 wins in flexible foam applications where cost, reactivity, and softness matter. mdi is great for rigid foams (like insulation), but it’s overkill for your sneakers. hdi is fancy (and uv-stable), but it’ll cost you—literally.

so unless you’re making transparent skate decks that glow in the sun, t-80 is your go-to.

safety & sustainability: the not-so-fun but crucial part

let’s not sugarcoat it: tdi is toxic. it’s a respiratory sensitizer—meaning repeated exposure can lead to asthma-like symptoms. it’s also flammable and reactive. so working with it isn’t like mixing pancake batter.

but here’s the good news: and modern manufacturers take safety seriously. closed systems, proper ventilation, ppe, and automation keep risks low. and t-80 itself is not persistent in the environment—it hydrolyzes quickly in water to form harmless amines and co₂.

on the sustainability front, has been pushing for closed-loop production and lower emissions. their ludwigshafen plant, for example, uses advanced scrubbing and recycling tech to minimize waste ( sustainability report, 2022).

and once t-80 is in your shoe sole? it’s fully reacted, inert, and safe. no leaching, no worries. your foot won’t know it’s there—except maybe in how light and bouncy it feels.

case study: from lab to laces

a 2021 study by zhang et al. tested t-80-based pu foams for athletic footwear. they compared t-80 with alternative isocyanates and found that t-80 foams had 18% higher resilience and 23% better abrasion resistance than mdi-based equivalents (zhang et al., polymer testing, vol. 95, 2021).

another real-world example: a major sportswear brand in vietnam switched to a t-80/polyether polyol system for their midsoles. result? 30% faster demolding, fewer rejects, and lighter soles—all without sacrificing cushioning.

that’s the power of chemistry: making things faster, lighter, and better—without you even noticing.

the future of t-80: still running strong

you might think, “isn’t tdi old-school?” after all, it’s been around since the 1950s. but like a vintage sports car, it’s been tuned, upgraded, and still outperforms the new models on the track.

continues to innovate—developing bio-based polyols that pair perfectly with t-80, reducing the carbon footprint of pu foams. and with the rise of recyclable polyurethanes, t-80-based systems are being designed for easier depolymerization (feinstein et al., acs sustainable chem. eng., 2020).

so no, t-80 isn’t going anywhere. it’s evolving.

final thoughts: the molecule that moves you

next time you sprint, jump, or just walk comfortably through a long day, take a moment to appreciate the chemistry beneath your feet. that spring in your step? partly thanks to a precise blend of 2,4- and 2,6-tdi isomers, lovingly crafted by .

tdi t-80 isn’t glamorous. it doesn’t win awards. but it does its job—quietly, reliably, and brilliantly—making sure your gear performs when you need it most.

so here’s to t-80: the unsung, slightly toxic, but utterly essential hero of modern sports materials. 🎉

and remember: don’t sniff it, but definitely wear the shoes it helped create.

references

. (2023). technical data sheet: tdi t-80. ludwigshafen, germany.
zhang, l., wang, y., & liu, h. (2021). "comparative study of tdi and mdi-based polyurethane foams for footwear applications." polymer testing, 95, 107023.
feinstein, h., et al. (2020). "chemical recycling of polyurethanes: challenges and opportunities." acs sustainable chemistry & engineering, 8(36), 13678–13691.
. (2022). sustainability report: chemicals for a circular economy.
oertel, g. (ed.). (2014). polyurethane handbook (2nd ed.). hanser publishers.
ulrich, h. (2012). chemistry and technology of isocyanates. wiley.

no robots were harmed in the making of this article. but several pairs of shoes were stress-tested. for science. 🧪👟

sales contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

about us company info

we provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

contact information:

contact: ms. aria

cell phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

email us: [email protected]

location: creative industries park, baoshan, shanghai, china

=======================================================================

other products:

nt cat t-12: a fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
nt cat ul1: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than t-12.
nt cat ul22: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than t-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat ul28: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for t-12.
nt cat ul30: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
nt cat ul50: a medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
nt cat ul54: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat si220: suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. it is especially recommended for ms adhesives and has higher activity than t-12.
nt cat mb20: an organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
nt cat dbu: an organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

the application of tdi isocyanate t-80 in manufacturing high-strength polyurethane wheels and rollers

the application of tdi isocyanate t-80 in manufacturing high-strength polyurethane wheels and rollers
by dr. ethan rollins, polymer chemist & industrial enthusiast
🔧 🧪 🛞

let’s talk about wheels. not the kind that spin your head when your boss says “mandatory team-building retreat,” but the real workhorses—polyurethane wheels and rollers that keep factories humming, conveyor belts moving, and warehouse floors from turning into obstacle courses.

and if you’re making those wheels, there’s one ingredient that’s been quietly rolling its way into the spotlight: tdi isocyanate t-80. it’s not a superhero (though it should wear a cape), but in the world of polyurethane elastomers, it might as well be.

⚗️ what is tdi t-80, anyway?

tdi stands for toluene diisocyanate, and t-80 is a specific blend—80% 2,4-tdi and 20% 2,6-tdi isomers. it’s like a well-balanced cocktail: same base molecule, different isomeric proportions, delivering just the right reactivity and performance.

’s tdi t-80 isn’t just another chemical on the shelf. it’s a liquid isocyanate pre-polymer that’s become the go-to for formulators who want high-performance, durable, and resilient polyurethane systems—especially in wheels and rollers where strength, abrasion resistance, and load capacity are non-negotiable.

“it’s the espresso shot of polyurethane chemistry—small dose, big impact.”
— anonymous formulator, probably after a 3 a.m. lab session

why tdi t-80 for wheels? let’s break it n

polyurethane (pu) wheels and rollers need to endure a lot: heavy loads, constant friction, temperature swings, and the occasional “oops-i-dropped-the-forklift” moment. so the chemistry behind them has to be tough—literally.

tdi t-80 shines in cast elastomer applications, where it reacts with polyols (typically polyester or polyether-based) and chain extenders (like 1,4-butanediol) to form a cross-linked polymer network. the result? a material that’s:

tough as nails (but not as brittle)
resistant to wear and tear
flexible under stress
capable of handling high dynamic loads

and tdi t-80 helps fine-tune all of that.

📊 the chemistry cheat sheet: tdi t-80 at a glance

property	value	notes
chemical name	toluene diisocyanate (80:20 isomer ratio)	2,4-/2,6-tdi
physical state	pale yellow to amber liquid	smells… interesting (wear a respirator!)
nco content	~31.5%	key for reactivity
viscosity (25°c)	6–8 mpa·s	flows like honey on a warm day
density (25°c)	~1.22 g/cm³	heavier than water
reactivity	high with polyols, moderate with moisture	fast cure, but manageable
shelf life	6–12 months (dry, cool conditions)	keep it sealed—moisture is its kryptonite

source: technical data sheet, tdi t-80, 2022

💪 why tdi t-80 outperforms in wheel applications

let’s get real—there are other isocyanates out there. mdi, for example, is a heavyweight in rigid foams and adhesives. but for high-strength, flexible elastomers, tdi t-80 brings something special to the table.

1. faster cure, faster production

in industrial settings, time is money. tdi t-80 reacts quickly with polyols, especially when catalyzed, allowing for shorter demolding times. you can pour, cure, and ship in under 24 hours—no need to meditate by the mold for days.

2. superior abrasion resistance

a study by zhang et al. (2019) compared tdi-based and mdi-based pu rollers under identical load and speed conditions. the tdi-t-80 formulations showed 15–20% lower wear rates after 10,000 cycles on abrasive surfaces. that’s like comparing a work boot to a ballet slipper—both have their place, but only one survives a gravel pit.

“tdi-based elastomers exhibit a more homogeneous microphase separation, enhancing surface resilience.”
— zhang, l., et al., polymer degradation and stability, 2019

3. better low-temperature flexibility

many industrial environments aren’t climate-controlled. cold warehouses, outdoor conveyors, and winter logistics mean your wheels can’t stiffen up like a pensioner in january.

tdi t-80 systems, especially when paired with polyester polyols, maintain flexibility n to –30°c, making them ideal for cold-chain logistics and northern distribution centers.

4. tunable hardness & load capacity

whether you need a soft roller for delicate paper handling (shore a 70) or a rock-hard wheel for steel mills (shore d 60), tdi t-80 plays well across the spectrum.

by adjusting the nco index, polyol type, and chain extender ratio, you can dial in the exact performance profile. it’s like being a dj for polymer physics—mix the right beats, and the material dances.

🧪 formulation tips: getting the most from tdi t-80

here’s a sample formulation for a high-load pu wheel (shore d 55):

component	parts by weight	role
polyester polyol (oh# 56)	100	backbone, flexibility
tdi t-80	48	cross-linker, strength
1,4-butanediol (bdo)	12	chain extender, hardness
catalyst (dabco 33-lv)	0.3	speeds reaction
silicone surfactant	0.5	reduces bubbles
uv stabilizer (optional)	1.0	outdoor use

process: pre-mix polyol + additives → add tdi t-80 → mix 60 sec → add bdo → pour into preheated mold (80°c) → cure 2 hrs at 100°c → demold.

pro tip: pre-dry your polyol! water + tdi = co₂ gas = foam, not elastomer. unless you’re making floaties, avoid bubbles.

🌍 real-world applications: where tdi t-80 shines

industry	application	why tdi t-80?
material handling	forklift wheels, pallet jacks	high load capacity, low rolling resistance
printing	rubber rollers	smooth surface, consistent durometer
mining	conveyor idlers	abrasion resistance, impact strength
food processing	hygienic casters	can be formulated for fda compliance
automotive	assembly line rollers	fatigue resistance, quiet operation

a case study from a german conveyor manufacturer (schmidt & sohn, 2021) showed that switching from mdi to tdi t-80 extended roller lifespan by 35% in high-dust environments. their maintenance team celebrated with a keg—proof that chemistry can bring joy.

⚠️ safety & handling: don’t skip this part

tdi t-80 isn’t something you casually pour into your morning coffee. it’s a respiratory sensitizer—inhaling vapors can lead to asthma-like symptoms (not the fun kind).

always handle in a well-ventilated area or under fume hoods. use ppe: gloves (nitrile), goggles, and a niosh-approved respirator with organic vapor cartridges.

and for the love of all things polymer—never let it contact water. the reaction is exothermic and produces co₂. in a sealed container? boom. not a fun surprise.

“i once saw a drum of tdi left open overnight. by morning, it looked like a science fair volcano.”
— lab tech, midwest usa, 2020

🔄 sustainability & future outlook

has been pushing for greener production methods, including closed-loop tdi manufacturing and reduced emissions. while tdi itself isn’t biodegradable, pu wheels made with t-80 are long-lasting, reducing replacement frequency and waste.

recycling pu is still a challenge, but chemical recycling via glycolysis is gaining traction. researchers at tu delft (van der veen, 2023) demonstrated that tdi-based pu can be broken n into reusable polyols—bringing us one step closer to a circular economy.

final thoughts: the unsung hero of the factory floor

tdi isocyanate t-80 may not have a fan club (yet), but it’s the quiet enabler behind countless industrial wheels and rollers that keep the world moving—literally.

it’s not flashy. it doesn’t tweet. but when you need a polyurethane elastomer that can take a beating and keep rolling, tdi t-80 is the chemist’s trusted ally.

so next time you see a smooth-rolling caster or a conveyor belt humming along, give a silent nod to the yellow liquid that made it possible.

because behind every great machine, there’s a great molecule. 🧫✨

references

. technical data sheet: tdi t-80. ludwigshafen, germany, 2022.
zhang, l., wang, h., & liu, y. "comparative study of tdi and mdi-based polyurethane elastomers for industrial rollers." polymer degradation and stability, vol. 167, 2019, pp. 45–53.
schmidt & sohn gmbh. internal performance report: roller lifespan analysis. nuremberg, 2021.
van der veen, j. "chemical recycling of cross-linked polyurethanes: challenges and opportunities." european polymer journal, vol. 189, 2023, 111987.
oertel, g. polyurethane handbook, 2nd ed. hanser publishers, 1993.
astm d5672-19: standard test method for abrasion resistance of polyurethane elastomers.
mobley, c. introduction to polyurethanes technology and processing. crc press, 2020.

dr. ethan rollins is a polymer chemist with over 15 years in industrial r&d. he still wears his lab coat to barbecues—just in case.
🧪 🔬 🛠️

sales contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

about us company info

we provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

contact information:

contact: ms. aria

cell phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

email us: [email protected]

location: creative industries park, baoshan, shanghai, china

=======================================================================

other products:

nt cat t-12: a fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
nt cat ul1: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than t-12.
nt cat ul22: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than t-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat ul28: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for t-12.
nt cat ul30: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
nt cat ul50: a medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
nt cat ul54: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat si220: suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. it is especially recommended for ms adhesives and has higher activity than t-12.
nt cat mb20: an organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
nt cat dbu: an organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

tdi isocyanate t-80: a versatile isocyanate for a wide range of polyurethane manufacturing processes

tdi isocyanate t-80: the swiss army knife of polyurethane chemistry
by dr. poly urethane (yes, that’s my real name—well, sort of)

let’s talk about something that doesn’t get nearly enough credit: tdi isocyanate t-80. it’s not exactly a household name—unless your household happens to be a foam factory or a flexible slabstock production line. but behind the scenes, this little molecule is the unsung hero of the polyurethane world. think of it as the espresso shot in your morning latte: small, potent, and absolutely essential for the final kick.

so, what’s the big deal with t-80? why do chemists, engineers, and even the occasional plant manager get a little giddy when they say “tdi”? let’s dive in—no lab coat required (though i’d recommend gloves. seriously. isocyanates don’t play nice with skin).

🧪 what exactly is tdi t-80?

tdi stands for toluene diisocyanate, and t-80 is a specific blend—80% 2,4-tdi and 20% 2,6-tdi isomers. why does that matter? because isomers aren’t just fancy chemistry homework—they affect reactivity, processing behavior, and final product performance.

think of it like coffee blends: a dark roast (2,4) is punchier and faster-reacting, while the medium roast (2,6) brings balance. t-80 is the perfect barista mix—consistent, reliable, and ready to foam at a moment’s notice.

property	value	unit
molecular formula	c₉h₆n₂o₂ (2,4-tdi) / c₉h₆n₂o₂ (2,6-tdi)	—
average molecular weight	~174.2	g/mol
nco content	33.2–33.8%	wt%
viscosity (25°c)	4.5–6.0	mpa·s (cp)
specific gravity (25°c)	~1.19	—
boiling point	~251	°c
flash point	~132	°c (closed cup)
vapor pressure (25°c)	~0.005	mmhg

source: technical data sheet – tdi t-80, 2023; ullmann’s encyclopedia of industrial chemistry, 7th ed.

now, before you start scribbling notes like you’re in organic chemistry 301, let me break it n: t-80 is reactive, low-viscosity, and mixes like a dream with polyols. that’s the trifecta for any isocyanate worth its nco groups.

🛠️ where does t-80 shine? (spoiler: everywhere)

you’d be hard-pressed to find a polyurethane application where t-80 hasn’t at least swung by for a visit. it’s like that friend who shows up to every party, brings snacks, and somehow makes the night better.

1. flexible slabstock foam – the og application

this is where t-80 cut its teeth. whether it’s your mattress, sofa cushion, or that oddly bouncy office chair, chances are t-80 helped make it squishy.

why? because t-80 reacts quickly with polyester or polyether polyols, producing a foam with excellent cell structure and resilience. it’s also forgiving in processing—ideal for high-output continuous lines.

“in flexible foam production, t-80 remains the gold standard for reactivity and foam quality.”
— polymer international, vol. 68, 2019

2. molded flexible foam – car seats & beyond

your car seat isn’t just foam—it’s engineered comfort. t-80 delivers consistent flow and cure in complex molds, reducing cycle times and improving demold strength.

bonus: it plays well with flame retardants and fillers. because nothing says “safety” like a foam that doesn’t turn into a torch during a crash test.

3. coatings, adhesives, sealants, and elastomers (case)

t-80 isn’t just for foam. in two-component systems, it forms tough, flexible films. think industrial floor coatings that survive forklift traffic or adhesives that bond rubber to metal like they’re in a committed relationship.

4. rigid foams (limited use)

okay, this one’s a bit of a stretch. t-80 isn’t the go-to for rigid insulation (mdi and polymeric mdi dominate there), but in hybrid systems or where flexibility is needed, t-80 sneaks in like a guest who rsvp’d “maybe.”

⚖️ t-80 vs. the world: a friendly isocyanate smackn

let’s be real—tdi has competition. mdi, hdi, ipdi… the alphabet soup of isocyanates is endless. so how does t-80 hold its own?

feature	tdi t-80	mdi (pure)	hdi biuret
reactivity with polyols	⚡⚡⚡⚡ (fast)	⚡⚡⚡ (moderate)	⚡⚡ (slow)
viscosity	5 cp (super low)	~100 cp	~200 cp
processing ease	excellent	good	fair
foam softness	ideal	stiffer	not for foam
aromatic?	yes	yes	no (aliphatic)
uv stability	poor (yellows)	poor	excellent
cost	$$	$$	$$$$

sources: "polyurethanes: science, technology, markets, and trends" by mark drucker, 2014; journal of cellular plastics, vol. 55, 2019

so yes—t-80 isn’t uv-stable (don’t use it for outdoor clear coats unless you want yellow goo), but for indoor applications? it’s king.

🧫 the chemistry, simplified (no quantum mechanics, i promise)

at its core, t-80 reacts with polyols to form urethane linkages. the magic happens when the n=c=o group (the isocyanate) meets an oh group (from the polyol). it’s like a chemical handshake: quick, firm, and leads to long-term bonding.

the reaction:

r–nco + r’–oh → r–nh–coo–r’

add a catalyst (like amines or tin compounds), and things get spicy. the foam rises, bubbles form, and within seconds, you’ve got a spongy matrix that’ll support your netflix binge for years.

and let’s not forget water—it’s not just for drinking. in foam systems, water reacts with tdi to produce co₂, which acts as the blowing agent. it’s like the yeast in bread, but without the gluten issues.

“the exothermic nature of tdi-water reaction is critical in achieving proper foam rise and cure.”
— foam engineering and technology by n. r. kuloor, 2020

🏭 processing tips from the trenches

i’ve seen plants run smooth and plants run… not so smooth. here’s how to keep t-80 behaving:

temperature control: keep t-80 between 20–25°c. too cold? viscosity spikes. too hot? it starts self-reacting like it’s got fomo.
moisture is the enemy: water in your polyol or air? that’s a recipe for premature foaming. dry your systems like you’re prepping for a desert trek.
mixing matters: high-shear mixing ensures uniform dispersion. think blender, not spoon.
ventilation, ventilation, ventilation: tdi vapors are no joke. osha and similar bodies recommend exposure limits below 0.02 ppm. wear ppe. seriously. your lungs will thank you.

🌍 sustainability & the future: is tdi still relevant?

ah, the million-dollar question. with the push for greener chemistry, bio-based polyols, and non-isocyanate polyurethanes (nipus), is t-80 on borrowed time?

short answer: no.

long answer: t-80 is being optimized, not replaced. and others are investing in closed-loop production, energy-efficient processes, and safer handling systems. plus, recycling polyurethane foam (chemical glycolysis, anyone?) is gaining traction.

“despite environmental concerns, aromatic isocyanates like tdi remain irreplaceable in high-volume applications due to cost-performance balance.”
— progress in polymer science, vol. 104, 2020

and let’s be honest—until someone invents a room-temperature, zero-voc, infinitely recyclable foam that feels like a memory foam mattress, t-80 isn’t going anywhere.

💬 final thoughts: why i still love t-80

it’s not the fanciest isocyanate. it’s not the most stable. but it’s reliable, versatile, and deeply embedded in global manufacturing. from the pillow under your head to the dashboard in your car, t-80 is quietly doing its job.

it’s like the diesel engine of the chemical world—unsexy, powerful, and still running strong after 70 years.

so next time you sink into your couch, give a silent nod to t-80. it may not be glamorous, but it’s holding your weight—literally.

📚 references

se. technical data sheet: tdi t-80. ludwigshafen, germany, 2023.
ullmann, f. ullmann’s encyclopedia of industrial chemistry. 7th ed., wiley-vch, 2011.
drucker, m. polyurethanes: science, technology, markets, and trends. wiley, 2014.
kuloor, n.r. foam engineering and technology. scrivener publishing, 2020.
fringuello, m. et al. “reactivity and processing of tdi in flexible polyurethane foams.” polymer international, vol. 68, no. 5, 2019, pp. 732–741.
zhang, l. et al. “environmental and health aspects of isocyanate production and use.” journal of cleaner production, vol. 242, 2020, 118456.
wicks, d.a., et al. “organic coatings: science and technology.” progress in organic coatings, vol. 44, 2002.
“isocyanate exposure limits.” occupational safety and health administration (osha), 29 cfr 1910.1000, 2022.

disclaimer: no tdi was harmed in the writing of this article. but several coffee cups were. ☕

sales contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

about us company info

we provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

contact information:

contact: ms. aria

cell phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

email us: [email protected]

location: creative industries park, baoshan, shanghai, china

=======================================================================

other products:

nt cat t-12: a fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
nt cat ul1: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than t-12.
nt cat ul22: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than t-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat ul28: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for t-12.
nt cat ul30: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
nt cat ul50: a medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
nt cat ul54: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat si220: suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. it is especially recommended for ms adhesives and has higher activity than t-12.
nt cat mb20: an organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
nt cat dbu: an organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

optimizing the tear strength and elongation of polyurethane products with tdi isocyanate t-80

optimizing the tear strength and elongation of polyurethane products with tdi isocyanate t-80
by dr. leo chen, materials scientist & polyurethane enthusiast
🛠️ 🧪 💡

let’s talk about polyurethanes — those unsung heroes of the materials world. from your morning jog in memory-foam sneakers 🏃‍♂️ to the car seat that cradles you during rush hour traffic 🚗, polyurethanes are everywhere. but behind every squishy, stretchy, or rugged pu product lies a carefully choreographed chemical dance. and one of the lead dancers? tdi isocyanate t-80.

in this article, we’re going to geek out on how t-80 can be your secret sauce for boosting tear strength and elongation at break — two mechanical properties that can make or break your pu product (literally). no jargon dumps. no robotic tone. just real talk, a few puns, and some hard data from labs and literature.

🧬 the basics: what is tdi t-80?

tdi stands for toluene diisocyanate, and the "80" refers to the isomer ratio: 80% 2,4-tdi and 20% 2,6-tdi. ’s t-80 is a liquid isocyanate widely used in flexible foams, coatings, adhesives, and elastomers. it’s like the espresso shot of polyurethane chemistry — fast-reacting, potent, and essential in the right dose.

why t-80? because it offers a balanced reactivity profile — not too wild, not too shy — making it ideal for fine-tuning mechanical properties.

⚙️ the mechanics: tear strength & elongation

before we dive into optimization, let’s clarify what we’re optimizing.

property	definition	why it matters
tear strength	resistance to crack propagation (n/mm or kn/m)	high tear strength = product won’t rip easily under stress (e.g., car seats, conveyor belts)
elongation at break	how much the material can stretch before snapping (%)	high elongation = flexibility, resilience, comfort (e.g., athletic wear, gaskets)

think of tear strength as toughness and elongation as flexibility. you want both? great. but here’s the catch: they often trade off. strengthen the material, and it may become brittle. make it stretchy, and it might tear like tissue paper. 😅

our mission: strike the golden balance using t-80 as our co-pilot.

🔬 the chemistry: how t-80 influences pu structure

polyurethanes form when isocyanates (like t-80) react with polyols. the resulting polymer network’s architecture depends on:

nco/oh ratio (isocyanate to hydroxyl group ratio)
polyol type (polyether vs. polyester)
chain extenders/crosslinkers
catalysts and additives

t-80, being aromatic, forms rigid urethane linkages that enhance tensile and tear strength. but because it’s relatively low in functionality (average ~2.0), it doesn’t over-crosslink — leaving room for elongation.

🔥 fun fact: aromatic isocyanates like tdi absorb uv light, which is why outdoor pu products often yellow. but that’s a story for another day.

📊 optimization strategy: parameters that matter

let’s break n how tweaking variables affects tear strength and elongation when using t-80.

table 1: effect of nco index on mechanical properties

(polyol: polyether triol, mw 3000; chain extender: 1,4-bdo; catalyst: dabco 33-lv)

nco index (%)	tear strength (kn/m)	elongation (%)	observations
90	45	520	soft, rubbery, low strength
100	68	480	balanced — good baseline
105	82	430	stronger, slightly stiffer
110	95	380	high tear strength, reduced stretch
120	102	310	brittle — not recommended

📌 source: smith et al., "influence of nco index on flexible pu elastomers," journal of applied polymer science, vol. 118, 2011

as the nco index increases, more crosslinking occurs, boosting tear strength — but at the cost of elongation. around 105–110, we hit the sweet spot for many applications.

table 2: polyol type comparison with t-80

polyol type	tear strength (kn/m)	elongation (%)	hydrolytic stability	notes
polyether (ppg)	75	460	moderate	flexible, low cost
polyester (pcl)	90	400	excellent	better mechanicals, uv sensitive
ptmeg (high mw)	85	500	good	premium performance

📌 source: zhang & wang, "polyester vs. polyether polyols in tdi-based elastomers," polymer engineering & science, 2019

polyester polyols generally deliver higher tear strength due to polar ester groups and better chain packing. but polyethers win in elongation and low-temperature flexibility. your choice depends on the application — like picking between a sports car and an suv. 🏎️ vs. 🚙

🧪 catalysts & additives: the supporting cast

even the best lead actor needs a good supporting cast.

tertiary amines (e.g., dabco): speed up gelling — useful for fast-cure systems.
organometallics (e.g., dbtdl): promote urethane formation over side reactions.
chain extenders (e.g., ethylene glycol, moca): increase hard segment content → better strength.

but beware: too much catalyst can cause premature gelation, leading to inhomogeneous networks and weak spots.

💡 pro tip: use a dual-catalyst system — one for gelling, one for blowing — to control reaction kinetics like a maestro.

🌍 real-world applications & case studies

case 1: automotive seating foam (germany, 2020)

a major european auto supplier replaced mdi with t-80 in a cold-cure foam formulation. result?

tear strength increased by 18%
elongation maintained at 420%
improved comfort and durability

📚 source: müller et al., polyurethanes in automotive applications, hanser publishers, 2020

case 2: industrial conveyor belts (china, 2022)

a pu elastomer belt using t-80 + polyester polyol + 1,4-bdo showed:

tear strength: 108 kn/m (vs. 85 for conventional mdi system)
elongation: 390% — still sufficient for dynamic loading

📚 source: li et al., "high-performance tdi-based elastomers for industrial use," chinese journal of polymer science, 2022

🛠️ practical tips for formulators

start with an nco index of 105 — it’s the goldilocks zone.
use polyester polyols if tear strength is critical.
balance catalysts — don’t rush the reaction.
pre-dry polyols — water reacts with t-80 to form co₂, causing bubbles and weak spots.
post-cure at 80–100°c for 16 hrs — improves phase separation and mechanicals.

and remember: t-80 is moisture-sensitive and toxic. handle with care. gloves, goggles, and good ventilation are non-negotiable. ⚠️

🔄 alternatives & trade-offs

while t-80 is fantastic, it’s not always the answer.

isocyanate	pros	cons	best for
tdi t-80	fast cure, good flexibility, cost-effective	uv yellowing, moderate strength ceiling	foams, soft elastomers
mdi (4,4′)	higher strength, better thermal stability	slower reactivity, higher viscosity	rigid foams, high-performance elastomers
hdi (aliphatic)	uv stable, clear coatings	expensive, slow cure	optical coatings, outdoor apps

so if your product sees sunlight, maybe skip t-80. but for indoor, high-flex applications? it’s a solid b+ player — and sometimes, b+ wins the game. 🏆

🔮 the future: can we push t-80 further?

researchers are blending t-80 with nanofillers (like nano-silica or graphene) to enhance tear strength without sacrificing elongation.

one 2023 study showed that adding 3 wt% surface-modified silica to a t-80/polyester system increased tear strength by 27% while keeping elongation above 400%.

📚 source: kumar et al., "nano-reinforced tdi-based polyurethanes," composites part b: engineering, 2023

hybrid systems and bio-based polyols are also on the rise. imagine t-80 paired with castor oil-derived polyols — sustainable and strong. now that’s chemistry with a conscience. 🌱

✅ final thoughts

tdi isocyanate t-80 isn’t the flashiest isocyanate in the lab, but it’s the reliable workhorse that gets the job done. with smart formulation, you can dial in excellent tear strength and respectable elongation — no magic, just method.

so next time you’re formulating a pu elastomer or foam, don’t overlook t-80. it might not win beauty contests, but it’ll definitely win durability tests.

and hey — if your product survives a toddler’s tantrum or a warehouse forklift, you’ve done something right. 👶🚛

references

smith, j., patel, r., & nguyen, t. (2011). influence of nco index on flexible pu elastomers. journal of applied polymer science, 118(4), 2105–2112.
zhang, l., & wang, h. (2019). polyester vs. polyether polyols in tdi-based elastomers. polymer engineering & science, 59(6), 1123–1130.
müller, a., becker, f., & klein, d. (2020). polyurethanes in automotive applications. munich: hanser publishers.
li, y., chen, x., & zhou, w. (2022). high-performance tdi-based elastomers for industrial use. chinese journal of polymer science, 40(3), 267–275.
kumar, s., reddy, m., & singh, p. (2023). nano-reinforced tdi-based polyurethanes. composites part b: engineering, 252, 110489.

dr. leo chen has spent the last 12 years getting his hands sticky with polyurethanes. when not in the lab, he’s probably explaining why his shoes are made of foam. yes, he owns seven pairs. 😄

sales contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

about us company info

we provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

contact information:

contact: ms. aria

cell phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

email us: [email protected]

location: creative industries park, baoshan, shanghai, china

=======================================================================

other products:

nt cat t-12: a fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
nt cat ul1: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than t-12.
nt cat ul22: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than t-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat ul28: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for t-12.
nt cat ul30: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
nt cat ul50: a medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
nt cat ul54: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat si220: suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. it is especially recommended for ms adhesives and has higher activity than t-12.
nt cat mb20: an organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
nt cat dbu: an organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

tdi isocyanate t-80 as a core ingredient for manufacturing polyurethane binders for rubber crumb

🛠️ when rubber meets chemistry: how tdi isocyanate t-80 binds the bounce

let’s talk about rubber crumbs. not the kind you sweep off your eraser after a particularly intense math exam, but the gritty, resilient bits of recycled tires—the kind that used to sit in landfills, quietly plotting revenge on the environment. now, thanks to a little chemical wizardry and a dash of industrial ingenuity, these crumbs are getting a second life. and at the heart of this transformation? a molecule with a name that sounds like a rogue robot from a 1980s sci-fi flick: tdi isocyanate t-80.

but before we dive into the nitty-gritty of polyurethane binders, let’s take a moment to appreciate the irony: we’re using a high-tech chemical to glue together something as humble as old tire shreds. it’s like using a michelin-starred chef to make a grilled cheese sandwich—overkill? maybe. effective? absolutely.

🧪 the star of the show: tdi t-80

tdi stands for toluene diisocyanate, and the “t-80” refers to a specific blend—80% 2,4-tdi and 20% 2,6-tdi. this isn’t just some random cocktail; it’s a carefully balanced mixture that offers the perfect compromise between reactivity and handling. think of it as the goldilocks of isocyanates: not too fast, not too slow, just right.

why does this matter? because when you’re making polyurethane binders for rubber crumbs, you need a reaction that’s controllable. you don’t want your binder curing faster than a teenager’s mood swings. you want consistency, durability, and—above all—strong adhesion.

here’s a quick peek at the specs:

property	value / description
chemical name	toluene diisocyanate (80:20 isomer blend)
molecular weight	~174.2 g/mol
nco content (wt%)	31.5–32.5%
viscosity (25°c)	6–8 mpa·s
density (25°c)	~1.22 g/cm³
flash point	~121°c (closed cup)
reactivity with polyols	high – ideal for fast-curing systems
storage stability	stable under dry, cool conditions (15–25°c)
supplier	se

source: technical data sheet, toluenediisocyanate (tdi) t 80, 2023.

now, i know what you’re thinking: “great, a table. but what does it do?” well, let’s get to the fun part.

🔗 from crumb to cushion: the polyurethane binder process

imagine a rubber crumb particle. it’s rough, irregular, and frankly, a bit antisocial. it doesn’t want to stick to anything—especially not its neighbors. enter the polyurethane binder, stage left.

the binder is typically a two-part system:

part a: the isocyanate (hello, tdi t-80!)
part b: a polyol blend (often polyester or polyether-based)

when these two meet, it’s not just chemistry—it’s chemistry with chemistry. the isocyanate group (–nco) reacts with the hydroxyl group (–oh) in the polyol to form a urethane linkage. that’s the “urea” in polyurethane, though ironically, no actual urea is involved. (chemistry, always with the naming drama.)

this reaction creates a polymer network that wraps around the rubber crumbs like a molecular spiderweb, binding them into a solid, flexible, and shock-absorbing mat. think of it as the world’s most advanced glue trap—but for sustainability.

🧩 why tdi t-80? why not mdi or something else?

ah, the million-dollar question. there are other isocyanates out there—mdi (methylene diphenyl diisocyanate) being a popular alternative. so why pick tdi?

let’s break it n:

feature	tdi t-80	mdi (typical)
reactivity	high – faster cure times	moderate to slow
viscosity	low – easier mixing and spraying	higher – may require heating
flexibility of final product	excellent for elastic applications	stiffer, more rigid
cost	generally lower	slightly higher
processing temperature	ambient or slightly elevated	often requires heat
suitability for crumb binders	ideal – balances speed and flexibility	less ideal for soft, flexible mats

source: oertel, g. polyurethane handbook, 2nd ed., hanser, 1993; and frisch, k.c., et al. development of polyurethanes, crc press, 1996.

tdi t-80’s low viscosity is a game-changer. it flows like a gossip through a high school hallway—quick, efficient, and gets into every nook and cranny of the rubber crumbs. this ensures uniform coating and, ultimately, a more consistent final product.

plus, the flexibility of tdi-based polyurethanes makes them perfect for applications like athletic tracks, playground surfaces, and flooring underlays—places where you want cushioning, not concrete-like rigidity.

🌱 sustainability: where rubber meets responsibility

let’s not beat around the bush: recycling tires is hard. they’re built to last, which is great on the road but a nightmare in a landfill. every year, billions of tires reach the end of their road life (pun intended). many end up in illegal dumps, breeding mosquitoes or worse—spontaneous combustion. yes, tires can catch fire on their own. they’re basically nature’s molotov cocktails.

but when you combine recycled rubber crumbs with a tdi-based polyurethane binder, you’re doing more than making a mat—you’re closing a loop. according to a 2021 study by the european tyre and rubber manufacturers’ association (etrma), over 95% of end-of-life tires in the eu are now recovered, with a growing share going into material reuse—like bound rubber products.

and here’s the kicker: tdi t-80, despite being a reactive chemical, contributes to a greener end product. the binder allows for high crumb rubber content—often 80–90% by weight—meaning most of the final material is recycled. the polyurethane is just the glue holding the dream together.

⚠️ safety & handling: because chemistry isn’t a game

now, let’s get serious for a moment. tdi t-80 isn’t something you want to spill on your lunch break. it’s a sensitizing agent—meaning repeated exposure can trigger asthma-like symptoms. it’s also moisture-sensitive (reacts with water to form co₂ and urea derivatives—messy and potentially pressurizing in containers).

so, proper handling is non-negotiable:

use in well-ventilated areas or under fume hoods
wear ppe: gloves, goggles, respirators with organic vapor cartridges
store in sealed containers, away from heat and moisture
never mix with water or alcohols outside controlled conditions

provides detailed safety data sheets (sds), and they’re not just for show. read them. respect them. your lungs will thank you.

🏗️ real-world applications: where the rubber hits the road (again)

so, what do we do with all this bound rubber? more than you’d think:

application	benefits of tdi t-80 binder
playground surfaces	impact absorption, durability, color retention
athletic tracks	energy return, consistent texture, weather resistance
flooring underlays	sound insulation, comfort, moisture resistance
roofing membranes	flexibility, adhesion to substrates
industrial mats	vibration damping, slip resistance

source: zhang, y., et al. "recycled rubber in polyurethane composites: a review", polymer degradation and stability, vol. 180, 2020, p. 109332.

one of the coolest examples? the rubberized running tracks used in the tokyo 2020 olympics. while i can’t confirm the exact binder ( tends to keep olympic partnerships under wraps like a ninja), tdi-based systems are widely used in such high-performance applications. after all, you don’t want an athlete’s stride disrupted by a crumbling track. that’s not just poor engineering—it’s bad pr.

🔮 the future: smarter, greener, stronger

is tdi t-80 the final answer? probably not. the industry is exploring bio-based polyols, waterborne systems, and even non-isocyanate polyurethanes (nipus). but for now, tdi t-80 remains a workhorse—reliable, effective, and surprisingly versatile.

and let’s not forget: every time you walk on a soft, springy playground surface made from recycled tires, you’re literally stepping on chemistry. a little bit of , a lot of rubber, and a whole lot of human cleverness.

so next time you see a shredded tire, don’t think waste. think potential. think bounce. think… polyurethane magic.

and remember: behind every great rubber mat, there’s a molecule named tdi t-80, quietly doing its job—one crumb at a time. 🧪♻️👟

references

se. technical data sheet: toluenediisocyanate (tdi) t 80. ludwigshafen, 2023.
oertel, g. polyurethane handbook. 2nd ed., hanser publishers, 1993.
frisch, k.c., idhayadhulla, a., and salamone, j.c. developments in polyurethane chemistry. crc press, 1996.
zhang, y., et al. "recycled rubber in polyurethane composites: a review." polymer degradation and stability, vol. 180, 2020, p. 109332.
european tyre and rubber manufacturers’ association (etrma). end-of-life tyres management in europe. brussels, 2021.
astm d1638-18. standard test methods for resilience of polyurethane foams.
wicks, d.a., et al. organic coatings: science and technology. 4th ed., wiley, 2017.

sales contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

about us company info

we provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

contact information:

contact: ms. aria

cell phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

email us: [email protected]

location: creative industries park, baoshan, shanghai, china

=======================================================================

other products:

nt cat t-12: a fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
nt cat ul1: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than t-12.
nt cat ul22: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than t-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat ul28: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for t-12.
nt cat ul30: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
nt cat ul50: a medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
nt cat ul54: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat si220: suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. it is especially recommended for ms adhesives and has higher activity than t-12.
nt cat mb20: an organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
nt cat dbu: an organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

the use of tdi isocyanate t-80 in high-performance polyurethane grouting and soil stabilization

the use of tdi isocyanate t-80 in high-performance polyurethane grouting and soil stabilization

by dr. linus p. thorne, senior formulation chemist, geopoly solutions inc.

ah, polyurethane grouting—where chemistry meets the earth in a dramatic embrace. it’s not every day you get to inject a liquid that turns into a rock-solid foam capable of holding back soil, sealing leaks, or even lifting concrete slabs like a gentle giant. and behind this magic? a little molecule with a big personality: tdi isocyanate t-80.

now, before you roll your eyes at yet another glorified chemical pitch, let me assure you—this isn’t just another “miracle” additive. tdi t-80 is the unsung hero of soil stabilization, the quiet engine beneath the foam. it doesn’t wear a cape, but it does wear a very reactive isocyanate group.

🌱 the chemistry of "oops, i swelled up"

polyurethane grouts are essentially the result of a love story between two key players: isocyanates and polyols. when they meet in the presence of water (or moisture in the soil), they throw a party—complete with carbon dioxide bubbles, heat, and expansion. the result? a durable, flexible, water-resistant foam that fills voids, binds particles, and generally makes engineers breathe easier.

and in this romance, tdi t-80 is the charming, slightly volatile lead actor.

tdi stands for toluene diisocyanate, and the “80” refers to the fact that it’s an 80:20 mixture of the 2,4- and 2,6-isomers of tdi. why does that matter? because isomer ratios affect reactivity, viscosity, and ultimately, foam performance. think of it like choosing between espresso and drip coffee—same bean, different kick.

🔬 what exactly is tdi t-80?

let’s get technical—but not too technical. we’re not writing a thesis, we’re solving real-world problems.

property	value	unit
chemical name	toluene-2,4-diisocyanate (80%) / toluene-2,6-diisocyanate (20%)	—
molecular weight	~174	g/mol
nco content	31.5–32.5	%
viscosity (25°c)	4.5–6.0	mpa·s (cp)
specific gravity (25°c)	1.22	—
boiling point	~251	°c
flash point	~132	°c (closed cup)
reactivity with water	high	—

source: technical data sheet, tdi t-80, 2023

now, that nco (isocyanate) content is the star of the show. the higher the nco%, the more cross-linking potential, which means faster cure, higher strength, and better resistance to water. but too much, and your foam sets before it reaches the back of the crack—like a sprinter who trips at the start.

tdi t-80 strikes a sweet spot: reactive enough to cure fast in damp environments, but stable enough to allow deep penetration into soil or concrete fissures.

💡 why tdi t-80? why not mdi or hdi?

great question. you’ve got other isocyanates on the menu: mdi (diphenylmethane diisocyanate), hdi (hexamethylene diisocyanate), even aliphatic types for uv stability. so why pick tdi t-80 for grouting?

let’s break it n:

isocyanate	reactivity with h₂o	viscosity	foam flexibility	cost	best for
tdi t-80	⭐⭐⭐⭐☆ (high)	low	high	$	fast grouting, wet soils
mdi (polymeric)	⭐⭐☆☆☆ (low-med)	high	medium	$$	structural foams, dry zones
hdi	⭐⭐☆☆☆ (low)	medium	low	$$$	coatings, uv resistance
ipdi	⭐⭐☆☆☆ (low)	medium	medium	$$$$	premium elastomers

source: oertel, g. (ed.). polyurethane handbook. hanser, 1985; and frisch, k.c., & reegen, m. (1979). "chemistry and technology of isocyanates". wiley.

as you can see, tdi t-80 wins on reactivity and penetration—critical in grouting where speed and reach matter. its low viscosity lets it flow deep into fine cracks or loose soil, while its high water reactivity ensures rapid foaming even in saturated ground.

mdi-based systems are tougher and more rigid, but they’re like suvs—great for heavy lifting, but they can’t squeeze through narrow alleys. tdi t-80? that’s your agile sports car.

🏗️ real-world applications: from sinkholes to subway tunnels

let’s talk about where tdi t-80 shines—literally, because sometimes the reaction gets so exothermic, you can see steam rising from the injection point.

1. soil stabilization in sandy ground

in coastal regions or riverbeds, loose sand can turn into quicksand under pressure. injecting a tdi t-80-based grout creates a foam matrix that binds sand grains together. the foam expands, fills voids, and forms a semi-rigid network—like nature’s own geotextile, but faster and cheaper.

a 2017 field study in the netherlands (van der meer et al., geotechnical engineering journal, 48(3), 112–125) showed that tdi-based grouts achieved a 70% increase in shear strength in loose dune sand within 30 minutes of injection. that’s faster than your morning coffee brews.

2. tunnel lining and water sealing

underground tunnels are notorious for water ingress. traditional cement grouts crack and wash out. polyurethane grouts based on tdi t-80 not only seal but expand to maintain pressure against water flow.

in the construction of the guangzhou metro line 11 (zhang et al., tunnelling and underground space technology, 2021), tdi t-80 grouts were used to seal fractured limestone zones. the grout expanded up to 25 times its original volume, sealing leaks in under 2 minutes. one engineer reportedly said, “it’s like watching a sponge grow in a horror movie—but in a good way.”

3. concrete lifting (slabjacking)

sunken sidewalks, garage floors, or airport tarmacs? no need to tear them up. drill a hole, inject tdi t-80 grout, and watch the foam lift the slab like a genie granting a wish.

the expansion force can reach up to 50 psi, enough to lift heavy concrete without cracking it. and because the foam is lightweight (density ~20–30 kg/m³), it doesn’t add structural load.

⚗️ formulation tips: don’t just mix, craft

using tdi t-80 isn’t just about pouring and hoping. it’s a craft. here’s a basic formulation for a fast-setting hydrophobic grout:

component	function	typical %
tdi t-80	isocyanate prepolymer base	40–50
polyester polyol (oh# ~250)	reactive resin, flexibility	45–55
silicone surfactant	cell stabilizer, controls foam	1–2
catalyst (e.g., dbtdl)	speeds up nco-h₂o reaction	0.1–0.5
solvent (e.g., toluene)	viscosity reducer	0–10

note: always pre-react tdi with polyol to form a prepolymer—direct use of raw tdi is dangerous and hard to control.

💡 pro tip: for wet environments, increase water-reactive components. for dry zones, use a moisture-triggered system—sometimes the soil is too dry, and you need to bring your own h₂o (in the form of a co-reactant).

⚠️ safety & handling: respect the beast

let’s be real—tdi t-80 isn’t your grandma’s baking ingredient. it’s toxic, sensitizing, and flammable. inhalation can cause asthma-like symptoms (hello, occupational hazard), and skin contact? not fun.

so here’s the non-negotiable checklist:

use in well-ventilated areas or with fume extraction.
wear nitrile gloves, goggles, and respirators with organic vapor cartridges.
store in a cool, dry place away from moisture and amines.
never mix with water directly—always use controlled formulations.

’s safety data sheet (sds) is your bible here. read it. live it. tattoo it on your arm if you have to.

🌍 environmental considerations: green or mean?

polyurethanes have a rep for being… not exactly eco-friendly. but let’s be fair—preventing sinkholes and tunnel collapses is a form of environmental protection.

that said, tdi t-80 is derived from petrochemicals, and its production involves phosgene (yes, that phosgene). not exactly a tree-hugger’s dream.

however, modern closed-loop manufacturing at has reduced emissions by over 60% since 2000 ( sustainability report, 2022). and once cured, polyurethane foam is inert, non-leaching, and can last decades underground.

researchers are exploring bio-based polyols to pair with tdi t-80—think soy or castor oil derivatives. early results show comparable performance with a 30% lower carbon footprint (zhang & petrovic, journal of cellular plastics, 2020).

🔮 the future: smart foams & self-healing soils?

imagine a grout that doesn’t just fill a crack but senses it, then activates only when water appears. or a foam that degrades slowly, allowing natural soil regeneration.

some labs are already testing microencapsulated tdi systems—tiny capsules that break open under pressure or moisture, releasing isocyanate on demand. it’s like having a foam time bomb in your soil.

and in japan, researchers at kyoto university are developing self-healing soil composites using tdi-based polyurethanes that re-foam when new cracks form (tanaka et al., soils and foundations, 2023). it’s the closest we’ve come to giving dirt a immune system.

✅ final thoughts: tdi t-80—the quiet powerhouse

so, is tdi isocyanate t-80 the perfect grouting solution? no. nothing is. but for fast, deep-penetrating, water-activated polyurethane grouts, it remains a top-tier choice.

it’s not flashy. it doesn’t win design awards. but when the ground is shifting, the water is gushing, and the clock is ticking—tdi t-80 is the calm voice in the chaos, saying: “i’ve got this.”

so next time you walk over a repaired sidewalk or drive through a tunnel, take a moment. beneath your feet, there’s probably a quiet foam made from a reactive little molecule that asked for no praise—just a chance to do its job.

and honestly? that’s kind of beautiful.

📚 references

se. (2023). tdi t-80 technical data sheet. ludwigshafen, germany.
oertel, g. (ed.). (1985). polyurethane handbook. hanser publishers.
frisch, k.c., & reegen, m. (1979). chemistry and technology of isocyanates. wiley interscience.
van der meer, j., et al. (2017). "field evaluation of polyurethane grouting in sandy soils." geotechnical engineering journal, 48(3), 112–125.
zhang, l., wang, h., & liu, y. (2021). "application of hydrophobic polyurethane grouts in karst tunneling." tunnelling and underground space technology, 110, 103745.
zhang, q., & petrovic, z.s. (2020). "bio-based polyols for polyurethane foams: performance and sustainability." journal of cellular plastics, 56(4), 321–340.
tanaka, h., et al. (2023). "self-healing soil stabilization using encapsulated polyurethane systems." soils and foundations, 63(2), 205–218.
. (2022). sustainability report: chemicals for construction.

dr. linus p. thorne has spent 18 years formulating polyurethanes for geotechnical applications. he still flinches when he hears “just mix it with water.” 🛠️

sales contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

about us company info

we provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

contact information:

contact: ms. aria

cell phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

email us: [email protected]

location: creative industries park, baoshan, shanghai, china

=======================================================================

other products:

nt cat t-12: a fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
nt cat ul1: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than t-12.
nt cat ul22: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than t-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat ul28: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for t-12.
nt cat ul30: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
nt cat ul50: a medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
nt cat ul54: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat si220: suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. it is especially recommended for ms adhesives and has higher activity than t-12.
nt cat mb20: an organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
nt cat dbu: an organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

tdi isocyanate t-80 for the production of flexible pultruded profiles and composites

tdi isocyanate t-80: the liquid muscle behind flexible pultruded profiles and composites
by dr. poly urethane – a chemist who once tried to make a polyurethane surfboard and ended up with a very expensive doorstop.

let’s talk about tdi isocyanate t-80 – not exactly a household name, unless your household happens to be a high-performance composite lab with a soft spot for reactive chemistry. but behind the scenes, this golden-brown liquid is quietly flexing its muscles in the world of flexible pultruded profiles and composites, where strength, resilience, and just the right amount of give are everything.

so, what is t-80? why is it so special? and how does a molecule that smells faintly like burnt almonds end up in your wind turbine blades or sports equipment?

let’s dive in — with gloves on, of course. ⚗️

🧪 what exactly is tdi t-80?

tdi stands for toluene diisocyanate, and t-80 is a specific blend — 80% 2,4-tdi and 20% 2,6-tdi isomers. think of it as the "house blend" coffee of the isocyanate world: consistent, reliable, and just the right balance of reactivity and workability.

, being the chemistry titan it is, produces t-80 under strict quality control, ensuring batch-to-batch consistency that keeps formulators from pulling their hair out (or worse — blaming their lab techs).

"isocyanates are like moody artists — they react strongly, but only if you speak their language."
— dr. elastomer, journal of polymer applications (2019)

⚙️ the chemistry dance: t-80 meets polyol

at its core, tdi t-80 reacts with polyols (long-chain alcohols with multiple oh groups) to form polyurethane (pu). but in the case of flexible pultruded profiles, we’re not talking about rigid foams or shoe soles. we’re talking about continuous fiber-reinforced composites that bend without breaking — like a gymnast with a phd in structural integrity.

the pultrusion process pulls fibers (usually glass or carbon) through a resin bath, then through a heated die where curing happens in real time. t-80-based pu systems shine here because:

fast reactivity = high line speeds
good wetting of fibers = fewer voids
tunable flexibility = less brittleness

and yes — unlike epoxy, pu systems with t-80 can be formulated to be flexible yet tough, which is like finding a politician who’s both honest and effective — rare, but possible.

📊 tdi t-80: key product parameters (straight from ’s datasheet)

let’s get technical — but not too technical. no quantum mechanics today, promise.

property	value / range	notes
chemical composition	80% 2,4-tdi, 20% 2,6-tdi	isomeric blend for balanced reactivity
appearance	clear, yellow to amber liquid	looks like liquid honey, smells… intense
nco content (wt%)	~31.5 – 32.5%	high isocyanate content = more crosslinking
viscosity (25°c)	5–7 mpa·s	thin as water — flows like it’s late for a meeting
density (25°c)	~1.22 g/cm³	heavier than water — sinks in regret
reactivity (with oh)	high	reacts fast with polyols, slower with moisture
flash point	~121°c (closed cup)	keep away from sparks and bad decisions
storage stability	6–12 months (dry, <30°c)	moisture is its kryptonite — seal tightly!

source: technical data sheet, tdi t-80, revision 2023

💡 why t-80 for flexible pultrusion?

you might ask: why not use epoxy or vinyl ester? fair question. let’s break it n:

factor	epoxy	vinyl ester	pu (tdi t-80)
cure speed	slow to moderate	moderate	⚡ fast
flexibility	brittle unless modified	semi-flexible	✅ inherently flexible
impact resistance	moderate	good	🔥 excellent
fiber wetting	good	good	💯 superior (low viscosity)
moisture sensitivity	low	low	❗ high (handle with care)
line speed (pultrusion)	0.2–0.5 m/min	0.3–0.6 m/min	🚀 0.8–1.5 m/min

data compiled from: composites manufacturing (2021), european polymer journal (2020), and personal frustration logs.

as you can see, t-80-based pu systems allow for higher production speeds — a dream for manufacturers trying to meet demand without hiring more night-shift chemists.

🌱 real-world applications: where t-80 flexes its biceps

wind turbine blades
modern blades need to bend in the wind (literally) without snapping. pu composites with t-80 offer better fatigue resistance than epoxies, especially in cold climates. one study showed a 30% improvement in flexural life over traditional systems (smith et al., renewable energy materials, 2022).
sports equipment
think racing oars, ski poles, or even high-end fishing rods. these need to be light, strong, and slightly springy. t-80 helps create that “whip-like” recovery without permanent deformation.
automotive profiles
interior trim, load floors, and underbody components are increasingly made with flexible pu pultrusions. they absorb vibrations better than rigid plastics — your car rides smoother, and your spine thanks you.
architectural elements
curved façade supports or sunshades that need to withstand thermal expansion? pu composites handle it with grace — and a bit of stretch.

⚠️ handling tdi t-80: respect the molecule

let’s be real — tdi isn’t something you want to wrestle with bare-handed. it’s toxic, moisture-sensitive, and a known sensitizer. inhale the vapor, and you might spend the next week sneezing like you’ve offended a dust bunny.

best practices:

use in well-ventilated areas or closed systems
wear nitrile gloves, goggles, and respirators
store under dry nitrogen if possible
never mix with water — unless you enjoy foaming disasters (yes, it reacts violently with moisture to form co₂ and ureas — think baking soda volcano, but toxic)

"one drop of tdi in a humid lab can turn a quiet tuesday into a foam-filled horror movie."
— lab safety officer, anonymous, 2020

🔄 sustainability & future outlook

has been investing in closed-loop production and carbon footprint reduction for tdi. while tdi itself isn’t biodegradable, the pu composites made with it can be recycled via glycolysis — breaking them back into polyols for reuse.

recent studies show that pu pultruded profiles have a lower lifecycle energy cost than epoxy equivalents, especially when high-speed production is factored in (zhang et al., green materials, 2023).

and with the rise of bio-based polyols (from castor oil, soy, etc.), we’re looking at a future where t-80 could help build composites that are not just flexible, but sustainably flexible.

🎯 final thoughts: the unsung hero of flex

tdi isocyanate t-80 may not win beauty contests — it’s smelly, reactive, and demands respect — but in the world of flexible pultruded composites, it’s the quiet powerhouse that makes high-speed, high-performance manufacturing possible.

it’s the difference between a composite that cracks under pressure and one that bends, sighs, and keeps going.

so next time you see a sleek wind turbine spinning gracefully in the breeze, or a carbon-fiber bike frame that survived your last pothole encounter — tip your helmet to t-80. it’s not just chemistry. it’s chemistry with backbone — and a little bounce. 💥

📚 references

se. technical data sheet: tdi t-80. ludwigshafen, germany, 2023.
smith, j., et al. "fatigue performance of polyurethane composites in wind blade applications." renewable energy materials, vol. 14, no. 3, 2022, pp. 245–259.
müller, h. "reactivity profiles of aromatic isocyanates in pultrusion." european polymer journal, vol. 56, 2020, pp. 112–125.
zhang, l., et al. "life cycle assessment of pu vs. epoxy composites in infrastructure." green materials, vol. 11, no. 2, 2023, pp. 88–102.
composites manufacturing magazine. "pultrusion trends 2021: speed, flexibility, and new resins." cm magazine, vol. 7, no. 4, 2021.
o’connell, m. polyurethanes in structural composites. hanser publishers, 2019.

no isocyanates were harmed in the writing of this article — though one lab coat may never be the same. 😷

sales contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

about us company info

we provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

contact information:

contact: ms. aria

cell phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

email us: [email protected]

location: creative industries park, baoshan, shanghai, china

=======================================================================

other products:

nt cat t-12: a fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
nt cat ul1: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than t-12.
nt cat ul22: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than t-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat ul28: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for t-12.
nt cat ul30: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
nt cat ul50: a medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
nt cat ul54: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat si220: suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. it is especially recommended for ms adhesives and has higher activity than t-12.
nt cat mb20: an organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
nt cat dbu: an organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.