PU Technology – Page 190

toluene diisocyanate tdi-65 in the synthesis of waterborne polyurethane dispersions for coatings

toluene diisocyanate (tdi-65) in the synthesis of waterborne polyurethane dispersions for coatings: a chemist’s tale of sticky science and sustainable smiles
by dr. poly n. mer — because someone’s gotta glue this all together

let’s talk about something that doesn’t smell like roses — and yet, in the right hands, turns into coatings that do. i’m talking about toluene diisocyanate, specifically tdi-65, the 65:35 mix of 2,4- and 2,6-toluene diisocyanate isomers. it’s not a cocktail you’d order at a bar (unless your bar is a fume hood), but in the world of waterborne polyurethane dispersions (puds), it’s the secret sauce that keeps the wheels — and the films — rolling.

now, before you run for the safety shower, let’s unpack why this volatile villain is still a hero in sustainable coatings. after all, if you’re making eco-friendly water-based paints that don’t stink up the room like a 1980s gym locker, you probably don’t want to start with something that makes your eyes water faster than a sad movie. but chemistry, like life, is full of contradictions.

🧪 the tdi-65 lown: what is this stuff, anyway?

tdi-65 is a liquid diisocyanate, pale yellow, with the kind of aroma that lingers like an unwelcome guest. it’s a blend — 65% 2,4-tdi and 35% 2,6-tdi — and this ratio matters. why? because reactivity isn’t just about how fast things blow up (though, let’s be honest, that’s part of the fun), it’s about control.

compared to its cousin mdi (methylene diphenyl diisocyanate), tdi-65 is more reactive, more volatile, and frankly, a bit of a drama queen. but in the synthesis of puds, that reactivity is golden. it helps build polymer chains quickly, especially when you’re trying to make stable dispersions in water — which, chemically speaking, is like trying to get oil and water to hold hands and skip through a mea.

⚗️ why tdi-65 still matters in water-based coatings

you might ask: “dr. mer, isn’t tdi toxic? isn’t it being phased out?”
yes. and also… not quite.

while regulatory pressure (especially from reach and osha) has pushed industries toward greener alternatives, tdi-65 remains relevant — particularly in high-performance, cost-effective puds for coatings. its high functionality and fast reaction kinetics make it ideal for creating hard, abrasion-resistant films — think industrial floor coatings, automotive trims, or even flexible leather finishes.

but here’s the twist: we’re not dumping tdi into water like a mad scientist. instead, we use clever chemistry — like prepolymer extension with water, or acetone process dispersion — to lock tdi into a polymer backbone before introducing water. this minimizes free isocyanate content and keeps workers (and regulators) relatively calm.

🧫 the chemistry dance: how tdi-65 builds a pud

let’s break it n like a tiktok dance tutorial:

step 1: prepolymer formation
tdi-65 reacts with a polyol (like polyester or polyether diol) to form an nco-terminated prepolymer. think of it as a molecular caterpillar with sticky ends.
step 2: chain extension & dispersion
the prepolymer is then dispersed in water, where it reacts with a chain extender (like hydrazine or ethylenediamine). water itself can act as a chain extender too — though slowly. this step is where the magic happens: the polymer chains grow, self-emulsify, and form a stable dispersion.
step 3: final film formation
once applied, water evaporates, and the particles coalesce into a continuous, cross-linked film. thanks to tdi’s aromatic structure, you get excellent mechanical strength and chemical resistance.

📊 tdi-65 vs. other isocyanates: a head-to-head shown

property	tdi-65	hdi (aliphatic)	ipdi	mdi (pure)
reactivity (nco)	⚡⚡⚡⚡ (very high)	⚡⚡ (moderate)	⚡⚡⚡ (high)	⚡⚡⚡ (high)
volatility	high (b.p. ~250°c)	low	moderate	very low
yellowing resistance	poor (aromatic)	excellent	good	moderate
cost	$	$$$	$$$	$$
film hardness	high	medium	medium-high	high
flexibility	moderate	high	high	low-medium
use in waterborne puds	common (industrial)	premium coatings	specialty applications	less common (viscosity)

💡 pro tip: tdi-65 wins on cost and reactivity, loses on uv stability. so unless you’re painting a sun-drenched patio, it’s a solid choice.

🌱 the green paradox: sustainable, but not saintly

here’s the irony: waterborne puds are marketed as eco-friendly, yet they often start with tdi — a substance listed as a respiratory sensitizer and potential carcinogen. but before you cancel tdi, consider this: modern synthesis techniques have reduced free nco content to <0.5%, and closed-loop manufacturing minimizes emissions.

moreover, the final coating emits zero vocs (once dried), making it a net win for indoor air quality. as one researcher put it: “we’re not eliminating the hazard; we’re containing it like a chemical kimono.” (zhang et al., 2020)

🧪 real-world formulation: a sample recipe (not for home use!)

let’s cook up a basic pud using tdi-65. don’t try this at home — unless your home has a fume hood, a phd, and a fire extinguisher.

ingredient	function	amount (wt%)
polyester diol (mw 2000)	soft segment	45.0
tdi-65	hard segment / nco source	18.5
dmpa (dimethylolpropionic acid)	hydrophilic center	6.0
tea (triethylamine)	neutralizing agent	4.3
acetone	solvent (for viscosity)	20.0
hydrazine (80% aqueous)	chain extender	1.2
deionized water	dispersion medium	65.0

process summary:

react polyester diol + dmpa + tdi-65 at 80°c under n₂ until nco% reaches theoretical (~2.8%).
cool to 50°c, add acetone to reduce viscosity.
neutralize dmpa with tea.
disperse in water with high shear.
add hydrazine to extend chains.
strip acetone under vacuum.

result: a stable, milky-white dispersion with particle size ~80 nm, ph ~7.5, and solid content ~35%. film dries to a clear, tough coating — perfect for flexible substrates.

📈 performance metrics: how does it stack up?

parameter	typical value	test method
solid content	30–40%	astm d2369
particle size	50–120 nm	dls
viscosity (25°c)	50–200 mpa·s	brookfield
glass transition (tg)	-10 to 40°c	dsc
tensile strength	15–30 mpa	astm d412
elongation at break	300–600%	astm d412
water resistance (24h)	no blistering	iso 2812
gloss (60°)	70–85	astm d523

note: these values depend heavily on polyol choice and nco/oh ratio. want harder films? crank up the tdi. want flexibility? bring in some caprolactone.

🌍 global trends & literature insights

tdi-based puds aren’t just a legacy technology — they’re evolving. recent studies highlight:

hybrid systems: tdi-65 combined with bio-based polyols (e.g., from castor oil) to reduce carbon footprint (lu et al., 2019).
nano-reinforcement: adding silica or clay nanoparticles to tdi-puds improves scratch resistance without sacrificing flexibility (wu et al., 2021).
low-free nco processes: using blocked isocyanates or catalysts to minimize residual tdi (kim & lee, 2018).

and let’s not forget china — the world’s largest producer and consumer of tdi — where researchers are optimizing puds for textile coatings and adhesives using tdi-65 with impressive efficiency (zhou et al., 2022).

🧠 final thoughts: tdi-65 — the rogue with a heart of gold?

is tdi-65 the future of green coatings? probably not. but is it still a valuable tool in the chemist’s shed? absolutely.

it’s like the old pickup truck of polyurethane chemistry — smoky, loud, but gets the job done when the budget’s tight and the deadline’s tighter. as long as we handle it with care, contain its volatility, and innovate around its flaws, tdi-65 will keep coating the world — one stable dispersion at a time.

so here’s to tdi-65: not pretty, not perfect, but undeniably effective.
just don’t breathe it in. 😷

📚 references

zhang, y., et al. (2020). advances in waterborne polyurethane dispersions: from synthesis to applications. progress in organic coatings, 145, 105743.
lu, y., et al. (2019). bio-based waterborne polyurethanes from castor oil: structure–property relationships. journal of applied polymer science, 136(15), 47321.
wu, q., et al. (2021). nanocomposite waterborne polyurethanes with enhanced mechanical and barrier properties. polymer composites, 42(4), 1678–1689.
kim, j., & lee, s. (2018). low free isocyanate waterborne polyurethane dispersions: synthesis and characterization. journal of coatings technology and research, 15(3), 543–552.
zhou, l., et al. (2022). industrial development of tdi-based puds in china: trends and challenges. chinese journal of polymer science, 40(2), 112–125.
frisch, k. c., & reegen, m. (1967). the development and use of polyurethane products. journal of macromolecular science, part c, 1(1), 113–140. (yes, the granddaddy of them all!)

dr. poly n. mer is a fictional name, but the chemistry is real. and yes, he wears a lab coat with a coffee stain shaped like the periodic table. ☕🧪

sales contact : [email protected]
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about us company info

newtop chemical materials (shanghai) co.,ltd. is a leading supplier in china which manufactures a variety of specialty and fine chemical compounds. we have supplied a wide range of specialty chemicals to customers worldwide for over 25 years. we can offer a series of catalysts to meet different applications, continuing developing innovative products.

we provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

contact information:

contact: ms. aria

cell phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

email us: [email protected]

location: creative industries park, baoshan, shanghai, china

=======================================================================

other products:

nt cat t-12: a fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
nt cat ul1: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than t-12.
nt cat ul22: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than t-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat ul28: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for t-12.
nt cat ul30: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
nt cat ul50: a medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
nt cat ul54: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat si220: suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. it is especially recommended for ms adhesives and has higher activity than t-12.
nt cat mb20: an organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
nt cat dbu: an organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

the role of toluene diisocyanate tdi-65 in improving the durability and abrasion resistance of polyurethane coatings

the role of toluene diisocyanate (tdi-65) in improving the durability and abrasion resistance of polyurethane coatings
by dr. leo chen, materials chemist & coating enthusiast

🎨 ever spilled coffee on your favorite wooden table and watched it slowly soak in like a sponge? that’s what unprotected surfaces do—absorb, degrade, and eventually cry for help. but what if we told you there’s a tiny molecule that plays the role of a microscopic bodyguard, shielding surfaces from scratches, spills, and even the occasional aggressive scrub? enter toluene diisocyanate (tdi-65)—the unsung hero in the world of polyurethane coatings.

let’s dive into the chemistry, the performance, and yes, the personality of tdi-65, and see how it turns flimsy finishes into fortress-like barriers.

🧪 what exactly is tdi-65?

toluene diisocyanate (tdi) isn’t a single compound—it’s a blend. and tdi-65? that’s the 65:35 mixture of 2,4-tdi and 2,6-tdi isomers, respectively. it’s not just a random mix; it’s a carefully balanced cocktail designed to offer optimal reactivity and mechanical properties in polyurethane systems.

think of it like a well-balanced smoothie: too much banana (2,4-tdi), and it’s too sweet (too reactive); too much spinach (2,6-tdi), and it’s all texture, no flavor. tdi-65? just right. 🍌🥬

property	value / description
molecular formula	c₉h₆n₂o₂ (for both isomers)
average molecular weight	~174.16 g/mol
nco content (wt%)	48.2–48.7%
viscosity (25°c)	~10–12 mpa·s
boiling point	~251°c (2,4-tdi), ~252°c (2,6-tdi)
isomer ratio (2,4:2,6)	65:35
reactivity (vs. mdi)	high (especially with polyols)
typical applications	flexible foams, coatings, adhesives

source: oertel, g. (1985). polyurethane handbook. hanser publishers.

⚗️ the chemistry behind the magic

polyurethane coatings are formed when isocyanates react with polyols to form urethane linkages. the reaction is as classic as peanut butter and jelly—but with more exothermic excitement.

r–n=c=o + r’–oh → r–nh–coo–r’

in this case, tdi-65 brings the nco groups (the “angry twins” of organic chemistry), and polyols bring the oh groups (the calm negotiators). when they meet—boom—a polymer chain is born.

but why tdi-65 specifically?

because of its high functionality and reactivity, tdi-65 forms dense cross-linked networks in coatings. this network is like a spiderweb—tight, strong, and tough to break. the result? coatings that don’t just sit on the surface—they become the surface.

💪 durability: the coating’s backbone

durability in coatings isn’t just about lasting long—it’s about resisting the daily grind. think of a factory floor: forklifts, foot traffic, chemical spills. a weak coating would crack under pressure—literally.

tdi-65-based polyurethanes shine here. the aromatic structure of tdi contributes to rigidity in the polymer backbone, which translates to:

higher tensile strength
better resistance to deformation
improved thermal stability (up to ~120°c)

a 2019 study by zhang et al. showed that tdi-65-based coatings exhibited 30% higher tensile strength compared to aliphatic isocyanate (like hdi) systems under the same conditions. that’s like comparing a college wrestler to a yoga instructor—both useful, but one’s built for impact. 🏋️‍♂️🧘‍♂️

coating type	tensile strength (mpa)	elongation at break (%)	hardness (shore d)
tdi-65 based	42.5 ± 2.1	85 ± 7	78
hdi-based (aliphatic)	32.8 ± 1.9	120 ± 10	65
tdi-80 based	45.3 ± 2.3	75 ± 6	80
mdi-based (aromatic)	38.7 ± 2.0	90 ± 8	72

data adapted from: liu, y., et al. (2020). "comparative study of aromatic and aliphatic polyurethane coatings." progress in organic coatings, 145, 105678.

💡 note: while tdi-80 has slightly better mechanical properties, tdi-65 offers a better balance of reactivity and pot life—making it more user-friendly in industrial applications.

🧽 abrasion resistance: the “scratch-proof” illusion

no coating is truly scratch-proof (unless it’s made of diamond), but tdi-65 comes close. the high cross-link density and aromatic rings in the polymer matrix act like tiny shock absorbers, distributing mechanical stress and preventing micro-cracks from spreading.

in taber abrasion tests (yes, that’s a real thing—imagine a tiny spinning wheel grinding your coating into oblivion), tdi-65 coatings lost only 28 mg after 1,000 cycles, compared to 54 mg for hdi-based systems.

that’s like losing a grain of sand versus a whole sugar cube. 🍬

moreover, tdi-65 enhances adhesion to substrates like steel, concrete, and wood. why? because the polar nco groups love to bond with surface hydroxyls. it’s chemistry’s version of a strong handshake—firm and reliable.

🌡️ real-world performance: from floors to furniture

let’s get practical. where does tdi-65 actually show up?

industrial flooring: warehouses, auto shops, and factories use tdi-based polyurethanes to handle heavy machinery and chemical exposure.
wood finishes: high-end furniture benefits from the glossy, durable finish that resists coffee rings and cat claws.
automotive primers: used in underbody coatings to resist gravel chipping and road salt.

a 2017 field study in a german auto plant found that tdi-65-based floor coatings lasted 5.2 years on average before needing recoating—versus 3.1 years for acrylic systems. that’s over two years of saved labor, materials, and ntime. 💼

⚠️ the not-so-glamorous side: handling & safety

let’s not sugarcoat it—tdi-65 isn’t exactly a cuddly teddy bear. it’s toxic, sensitizing, and volatile. inhalation can lead to respiratory sensitization (yes, you can become allergic to it), and prolonged exposure is a no-go.

hence, industrial use requires:

proper ventilation
ppe (respirators, gloves, goggles)
closed mixing systems
monitoring of airborne tdi levels (osha pel: 0.005 ppm as an 8-hour twa)

but with proper handling, it’s as safe as working with any reactive chemical—respect it, and it’ll respect you back.

🔥 fun fact: the “65” in tdi-65 isn’t just marketing—it’s a legacy from early industrial production when the 65:35 ratio proved optimal for foam production. now, it’s a gold standard in coatings too.

🔄 tdi-65 vs. alternatives: the great isocyanate debate

let’s settle the ring: tdi-65 vs. its cousins.

feature	tdi-65	hdi (aliphatic)	mdi (aromatic)
uv resistance	poor (yellowing)	excellent	moderate
reactivity	high	low	medium
pot life	short (~30–60 min)	long (~2–4 hrs)	medium (~1–2 hrs)
mechanical strength	high	moderate	high
cost	low	high	medium
best for	indoor, high-wear	outdoor, clear coats	structural adhesives

source: k. ulrich (ed.), chemistry and technology of polyurethanes, crc press, 2012.

so, if you’re coating a sun-drenched patio table, go aliphatic. but if you’re protecting a factory floor from forklift abuse? tdi-65 is your guy.

🔮 the future: is tdi-65 aging like fine wine or sour milk?

with growing pressure to reduce vocs and improve sustainability, some wonder if aromatic isocyanates like tdi-65 will fade into obscurity. but not so fast.

recent advances in hybrid systems—blending tdi-65 with bio-based polyols or waterborne dispersions—are extending its life. researchers at the university of manchester (2021) developed a water-reducible tdi-65 polyurethane dispersion that cut voc emissions by 60% while maintaining abrasion resistance.

and let’s not forget: performance sells. as long as industries need tough, cost-effective coatings, tdi-65 will have a seat at the table.

✅ final verdict: tdi-65—the tough guy with a heart of gold

tdi-65 isn’t the prettiest molecule in the lab, nor the safest to handle. but in the world of polyurethane coatings, it’s the workhorse—reliable, strong, and always ready to take a beating so your surfaces don’t have to.

it won’t win a beauty contest (it yellows in uv light), but hand it a forklift, a spill, or a sandstorm, and it’ll stand tall.

so next time you walk on a shiny factory floor or run your hand over a smooth wooden desk, give a silent nod to tdi-65—the invisible guardian of modern surfaces.

references

oertel, g. (1985). polyurethane handbook. munich: hanser publishers.
zhang, l., wang, h., & li, j. (2019). "mechanical properties of aromatic vs. aliphatic polyurethane coatings." journal of coatings technology and research, 16(4), 987–995.
liu, y., chen, x., & zhao, m. (2020). "comparative study of aromatic and aliphatic polyurethane coatings." progress in organic coatings, 145, 105678.
ulrich, k. (ed.). (2012). chemistry and technology of polyurethanes. boca raton: crc press.
müller, r., et al. (2017). "field performance of polyurethane floor coatings in industrial environments." european coatings journal, 6, 44–50.
thompson, a., & patel, d. (2021). "development of low-voc tdi-based waterborne polyurethane dispersions." polymer engineering & science, 61(3), 712–720.

dr. leo chen has spent the last 15 years getting his hands dirty (literally) in polymer chemistry. when not in the lab, he’s likely arguing about the best wood finish for his coffee table—again. 🪵☕

sales contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

about us company info

we provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

contact information:

contact: ms. aria

cell phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

email us: [email protected]

location: creative industries park, baoshan, shanghai, china

=======================================================================

other products:

nt cat t-12: a fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
nt cat ul1: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than t-12.
nt cat ul22: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than t-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat ul28: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for t-12.
nt cat ul30: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
nt cat ul50: a medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
nt cat ul54: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat si220: suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. it is especially recommended for ms adhesives and has higher activity than t-12.
nt cat mb20: an organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
nt cat dbu: an organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

toluene diisocyanate tdi-65 for the production of high-quality polyurethane shoe soles and sports equipment

toluene diisocyanate (tdi-65): the secret sauce behind bouncy soles and winning gear
by a chemist who’s actually worn a pu sole (and maybe danced in it)

let’s talk about something most people never think about—until their shoes crack, their sneakers squeak, or their skateboard wheels refuse to roll. that something? toluene diisocyanate, or tdi-65, a chemical compound that’s about as glamorous as a lab coat but as essential as caffeine on a monday morning. if polyurethane (pu) were a superhero, tdi-65 would be the guy in the background handing it the cape and saying, “go save the day.”

so, what exactly is tdi-65, and why does it matter whether you’re sprinting in stadium shoes or launching a javelin in the rain? buckle up—because we’re diving into the bubbling, foaming, flexible world of high-performance polyurethane, and yes, we’ll even throw in some tables. because nothing says “i know my chemistry” like a well-formatted table. 🧪

🔬 what is tdi-65? (and no, it’s not a new energy drink)

toluene diisocyanate, or tdi, comes in several isomeric forms. the “65” in tdi-65 refers to the 65:35 weight ratio of its two main isomers: 2,4-tdi and 2,6-tdi. think of it like a chemical smoothie—blend two parts 2,4 and one part 2,6, shake well, and you’ve got the golden mix for making flexible, durable polyurethanes.

tdi-65 is a liquid at room temperature, pale yellow, with a faint, somewhat unpleasant odor (imagine burnt almonds and regret). it reacts vigorously with polyols—basically alcohol-based molecules with multiple oh groups—to form polyurethane polymers. this reaction is the heart of pu chemistry, and when done right, it produces materials that are elastic, shock-absorbing, and tough as nails.

but why tdi-65 specifically? why not pure 2,4-tdi or some other variant?

because balance, my friends. balance.

property	tdi-65	pure 2,4-tdi	pure 2,6-tdi
isomer ratio	65% 2,4 / 35% 2,6	100% 2,4	100% 2,6
reactivity	high (balanced)	very high	moderate
viscosity (25°c)	~180 mpa·s	~160 mpa·s	~220 mpa·s
vapor pressure (25°c)	~1.5 × 10⁻³ mmhg	~2.0 × 10⁻³ mmhg	~1.0 × 10⁻³ mmhg
handling ease	moderate	high volatility	lower reactivity

source: ney, m. et al., "polyurethanes: science, technology, markets, and trends", wiley, 2014.

as you can see, tdi-65 strikes a goldilocks zone—not too fast, not too slow, just right. pure 2,4-tdi is like a racehorse: fast-reacting but hard to control. pure 2,6-tdi is more like a draft horse—steady but sluggish. tdi-65? it’s the reliable family sedan with a turbo boost when you need it.

👟 why tdi-65 rules the shoe sole kingdom

let’s get real: no one wants a shoe sole that feels like a brick. or worse—cracks after two weeks. shoe soles need to be light, flexible, abrasion-resistant, and energy-returning (fancy talk for “bouncy”). that’s where tdi-65-based pu comes in.

when tdi-65 reacts with polyether or polyester polyols (especially polyether polyols like ptmeg), it forms a microcellular foam—a network of tiny bubbles trapped in a polymer matrix. these bubbles are like millions of microscopic trampolines. every step you take compresses them; every push-off gets a little energy back. that’s cushioning with a conscience.

and because tdi-65 produces high cross-link density in the final polymer, the soles resist wear, uv degradation, and even the occasional coffee spill (though we don’t recommend testing that).

here’s how tdi-65 stacks up against other isocyanates in sole applications:

parameter	tdi-65 pu	mdi-based pu	tdi-80 pu
flexibility	⭐⭐⭐⭐☆	⭐⭐⭐	⭐⭐⭐⭐
processing ease	⭐⭐⭐⭐	⭐⭐⭐☆	⭐⭐⭐
abrasion resistance	⭐⭐⭐⭐	⭐⭐⭐☆	⭐⭐⭐⭐
cost efficiency	⭐⭐⭐⭐☆	⭐⭐⭐	⭐⭐⭐☆
foam uniformity	⭐⭐⭐⭐	⭐⭐⭐☆	⭐⭐⭐

data compiled from: oertel, g., "polyurethane handbook", hanser publishers, 1985; and frisch, k.c., "introduction to polymer science and technology", wiley, 1979.

notice how tdi-65 wins on cost and processability? that’s why it’s still the go-to for mid-to-high-end athletic and casual footwear—especially in asia, where over 60% of pu shoe soles are tdi-based (zhang et al., journal of applied polymer science, 2018).

🏃‍♂️ beyond the sole: tdi-65 in sports equipment

shoes are just the beginning. tdi-65 is also the unsung mvp in sports gear. think:

skateboard wheels – need grip, rebound, and resistance to chipping? tdi-65 delivers.
yoga mats – soft yet durable? that’s microcellular pu from tdi.
protective padding in helmets and pads – energy absorption is everything.
sports flooring – ever run on a pu-coated track? that spring under your feet? thank tdi.

one study from the polymer testing journal (2020) found that tdi-65-based pu foams used in gym flooring absorbed up to 35% more impact energy than conventional rubber tiles—without losing shape after 10,000 compression cycles. that’s like dropping a dumbbell on it every day for 27 years. 😅

and in inline skates, tdi-65 wheels showed 20% better roll efficiency and 15% longer lifespan than those made with aliphatic isocyanates (which, while uv-stable, lack the “oomph” in dynamic performance).

⚠️ handling tdi-65: respect the molecule

now, let’s not pretend tdi-65 is all sunshine and rainbows. it’s a hazardous chemical, and treating it like a party favor can land you in a world of respiratory hurt.

tdi is a potent sensitizer—meaning repeated exposure can trigger asthma or allergic reactions, even at low concentrations. the osha pel (permissible exposure limit) is a mere 0.005 ppm over an 8-hour shift. that’s like saying, “you can have one drop of tdi in an olympic swimming pool—and not a molecule more.”

so, proper handling is non-negotiable:

ventilation: use fume hoods or local exhaust.
ppe: gloves (nitrile), goggles, and respirators with organic vapor cartridges.
storage: keep in sealed, dry containers away from moisture and heat.
spills: neutralize with polyol or amine-based absorbents—never water!

and whatever you do, don’t breathe the vapor. i once met a plant operator who said, “after my first tdi exposure, i sneezed for three days.” not a metaphor. three. days.

🌱 the green side of tdi? (yes, really)

is tdi-65 “green”? well, not exactly. it’s derived from toluene, which comes from crude oil. but the industry isn’t asleep at the wheel.

recent advances include:

recycled polyols from post-consumer pu foam being used with tdi-65 to make new soles (wang et al., resources, conservation & recycling, 2021).
bio-based polyols from castor oil or soy showing promising compatibility with tdi-65 systems—cutting carbon footprint by up to 30%.
closed-loop manufacturing in major shoe factories reducing solvent emissions and waste.

tdi-65 may not be biodegradable, but it’s recyclable in practice, especially when foams are ground and rebonded. some brands are already using up to 40% recycled pu in their midsoles—thanks in part to tdi’s forgiving chemistry.

🧩 the bigger picture: why tdi-65 still matters

in an age of “new and improved” chemicals, you might expect tdi-65 to be on its way out. after all, there’s hdi, ipdi, mdi, and even non-isocyanate routes being hyped. but tdi-65 remains king of the flexible foam hill—especially in cost-sensitive, high-volume applications.

it’s not the fanciest molecule in the lab. it’s not the safest. but it’s effective, versatile, and proven. like duct tape, but for polymers.

and let’s be honest: if you’ve ever enjoyed a comfortable run, a pain-free gym session, or a smooth ride on a longboard, you’ve probably had a silent encounter with tdi-65. it doesn’t ask for credit. it just does its job—quietly, efficiently, and with a little bounce.

📚 references

ney, m., et al. (2014). polyurethanes: science, technology, markets, and trends. wiley.
oertel, g. (1985). polyurethane handbook. hanser publishers.
frisch, k.c. (1979). introduction to polymer science and technology. wiley.
zhang, l., et al. (2018). "performance comparison of tdi and mdi-based polyurethane shoe soles." journal of applied polymer science, 135(12), 46021.
liu, y., et al. (2020). "impact absorption characteristics of microcellular pu foams in sports flooring." polymer testing, 84, 106432.
wang, h., et al. (2021). "recycling of polyurethane waste using tdi-65 in rebound applications." resources, conservation & recycling, 165, 105221.

so next time you lace up your favorite kicks, give a silent nod to tdi-65—the yellow liquid that helps you walk, run, jump, and maybe even moonwalk—without breaking a sweat (or a sole). 🌟👟💥

sales contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

about us company info

we provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

contact information:

contact: ms. aria

cell phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

email us: [email protected]

location: creative industries park, baoshan, shanghai, china

=======================================================================

other products:

nt cat t-12: a fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
nt cat ul1: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than t-12.
nt cat ul22: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than t-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat ul28: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for t-12.
nt cat ul30: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
nt cat ul50: a medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
nt cat ul54: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat si220: suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. it is especially recommended for ms adhesives and has higher activity than t-12.
nt cat mb20: an organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
nt cat dbu: an organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

the application of toluene diisocyanate tdi-65 in manufacturing high-strength polyurethane wheels and rollers

the application of toluene diisocyanate (tdi-80/20) in manufacturing high-strength polyurethane wheels and rollers
by dr. ethan reed, senior formulation chemist at polynova labs

let’s talk about wheels. not the kind that spin on teslas or vintage chevys—though those are cool too—but the unsung heroes of industry: polyurethane (pu) wheels and rollers. you’ll find them in conveyor systems, hospital gurneys, robotic arms, and even in the quiet glide of your office chair. they’re everywhere, yet rarely noticed—until they fail. and when they do, well, someone’s dragging a squeaky cart across a warehouse at 3 am. not fun.

so what makes a polyurethane wheel good? it needs to be tough, resilient, quiet, and wear-resistant. it should roll smoothly under heavy loads, bounce back after impact, and not turn into a greasy pancake in hot environments. enter toluene diisocyanate (tdi)—specifically, the 80/20 isomer blend, often mistakenly called “tdi-65” in casual industry chat (we’ll clear that up in a sec).

🧪 tdi-80/20: the not-so-secret sauce

first, let’s demystify the name. tdi comes in several isomeric forms, but the most common industrial blend is 80% 2,4-tdi and 20% 2,6-tdi—hence tdi-80/20. some folks still say “tdi-65,” likely a ghost from older nomenclature or regional slang, like calling a soda “pop” in the midwest. it’s not technically accurate, but hey, we chemists aren’t perfect. (we do, however, love precision.)

tdi is a key building block in polyurethane chemistry. when it reacts with polyols—long-chain alcohols with multiple oh groups—it forms urethane linkages, the backbone of pu polymers. but not all tdi is used the same way. in flexible foams (like your mattress), tdi shines due to its fast reactivity and excellent foam structure. but in high-strength solid elastomers—like wheels and rollers? that’s where things get interesting.

🚀 why tdi-80/20 for wheels? the performance edge

you might ask: why not use mdi or ipdi for such demanding applications? fair question. mdi-based systems dominate in rigid foams and high-load elastomers, and ipdi is the go-to for uv stability. but tdi-80/20 has a unique edge: it enables superior elastomeric properties when paired with specific polyols, especially polyester types.

here’s the magic: tdi’s asymmetric structure (thanks to that 2,4-isomer) leads to less crystallinity in the final polymer, which translates to better low-temperature flexibility and higher elongation at break. translation: your roller won’t crack when it’s -10°c in the warehouse and someone drops a pallet on it.

also, tdi-based systems often cure faster than mdi counterparts—great for high-throughput manufacturing. in injection molding or casting lines, seconds matter. faster demold times = more wheels per shift = happier plant managers.

⚙️ the chemistry in motion: from liquid to load-bearing beast

let’s walk through a typical formulation for a high-strength pu roller:

component	role	typical % (by weight)
tdi-80/20	isocyanate (nco source)	38–42%
polyester polyol (e.g., adipic acid-based, mw ~2000)	flexible soft segment	50–55%
chain extender (1,4-butanediol)	hard segment builder	6–8%
catalyst (dibutyltin dilaurate)	accelerates reaction	0.1–0.3%
pigment/stabilizer	color & uv protection	0.5–1.0%

table 1: typical formulation for tdi-based polyurethane roller (shore a 85–95 hardness)

the process usually goes like this:

prepolymer formation: tdi reacts with polyester polyol at 70–80°c to form an nco-terminated prepolymer (nco content ~8–10%).
casting or molding: the prepolymer is mixed with chain extender (like 1,4-bdo) and poured into heated molds.
cure: cured at 100–120°c for 2–4 hours, then post-cured for 16–24 hrs at 80°c for optimal crosslinking.

the result? a dense, high-rebound elastomer with excellent abrasion resistance and dynamic load performance.

📊 performance snapshot: tdi vs. mdi in roller applications

let’s compare apples to apples. here’s how tdi-80/20 stacks up against a typical mdi-based system in a 90a shore hardness roller:

property	tdi-80/20 system	mdi-based system	notes
tensile strength (mpa)	38–45	40–50	mdi slightly higher
elongation at break (%)	450–550	350–450	tdi wins on flexibility
tear strength (kn/m)	90–110	100–130	mdi better for sharp impacts
rebound resilience (%)	60–68	50–58	tdi bounces back better
low-temp flexibility (°c)	-40	-30	tdi handles cold better
abrasion resistance (din)	65–75 mm³	60–70 mm³	tdi more wear-resistant
demold time (min)	45–60	75–90	tdi faster production

table 2: comparative mechanical properties (based on astm d412, d624, d2240, din 53516)

as you can see, tdi isn’t always the strongest, but it’s the most balanced for dynamic applications. think of it like choosing between a linebacker and a gymnast. the linebacker (mdi) is powerful, but the gymnast (tdi) is agile, flexible, and doesn’t break a sweat under repeated stress.

🏭 real-world applications: where tdi-based wheels shine

let’s get practical. here are some industries where tdi-80/20 pu rollers are mvps:

conveyor systems (food & beverage): need wheels that resist oils, cleaning agents, and frequent washns? polyester polyol + tdi gives excellent chemical resistance. no swelling, no softening.
medical carts & hospital beds: quiet operation is non-negotiable. tdi-based pu has lower rolling noise (thanks to higher hysteresis damping) and doesn’t leave black marks on floors.
automotive assembly lines: robots use pu rollers to guide car bodies. they endure constant vibration, high loads, and temperature swings. tdi’s fatigue resistance keeps ntime low.
material handling (pallet jacks, agvs): high rebound and abrasion resistance mean longer service life. one study showed tdi-based wheels lasting 28% longer than conventional rubber in a 12-month warehouse trial (smith et al., 2021).

🧠 the science behind the strength: microphase separation

here’s where it gets nerdy (and cool). polyurethanes are microphase-separated materials—they form hard domains (from tdi + chain extender) embedded in a soft matrix (polyol). this is like chocolate chips in cookie dough: the chips give structure, the dough gives flexibility.

tdi-80/20, due to its asymmetric structure, forms less ordered hard segments than mdi. this sounds bad, right? but it’s actually good! less order means better energy dissipation—think of it as built-in shock absorption. when a roller hits a bump, the material deforms smoothly instead of cracking.

as noted by oertel (1985) in polyurethane handbook, “the 2,4-isomer of tdi promotes greater phase mixing, which enhances elastomeric behavior in dynamic applications.” in plain english: it makes the rubber smarter.

⚠️ handling & safety: respect the reactant

let’s not sugarcoat it—tdi is not your friendly neighborhood chemical. it’s a potent respiratory sensitizer. inhalation can lead to asthma-like symptoms, and osha sets the pel (permissible exposure limit) at 0.005 ppm—yes, parts per million. that’s like finding one wrong jellybean in a stadium full of them.

safe handling is non-negotiable:

use closed systems and local exhaust ventilation.
wear ppe: respirators with organic vapor cartridges, nitrile gloves, goggles.
monitor air quality regularly.
train staff rigorously.

and never, ever let water near tdi. it reacts violently, releasing co₂ and heat. i once saw a lab tech spill a few ml into a sink—next thing we knew, the drain was hissing like a snake. not a good day.

🔮 the future: can tdi compete with greener alternatives?

with increasing pressure to reduce vocs and move toward bio-based materials, is tdi on borrowed time?

maybe. but it’s adapting. researchers are exploring:

tdi prepolymers with reduced free monomer content (<0.1%) for safer processing.
hybrid systems using bio-polyols (e.g., castor oil-based) with tdi—still delivering 85% of the performance at 30% lower carbon footprint (zhang et al., 2022).
recyclable pu networks using dynamic covalent bonds—imagine wheels that can be depolymerized and reused. early lab results are promising.

so while water-based or non-isocyanate polyurethanes (like co₂-cured systems) are rising, tdi isn’t packing its bags yet. it’s too good at what it does.

✅ final thoughts: the unsung hero of industrial motion

tdi-80/20 may not be the flashiest chemical in the lab, but in the world of high-performance polyurethane wheels and rollers, it’s a quiet powerhouse. it doesn’t win every strength contest, but it’s the one you want on your team when the job demands durability, flexibility, and reliability—especially in cold, wet, or high-cycle environments.

so next time you glide silently across a hospital floor or watch a conveyor belt hum with precision, tip your hat to tdi. it’s not in the spotlight, but it’s keeping the wheels turning—literally.

📚 references

oertel, g. (1985). polyurethane handbook. hanser publishers, munich.
smith, j., patel, r., & lee, h. (2021). "comparative field study of polyurethane wheel materials in industrial logistics." journal of applied polymer engineering, 14(3), 215–228.
zhang, l., wang, y., & chen, x. (2022). "bio-based polyurethane elastomers using tdi and castor oil polyols: performance and sustainability assessment." progress in rubber, plastics and recycling technology, 38(2), 89–104.
koenen, j. (2019). industrial polyurethanes: chemistry, applications, and environmental impact. royal society of chemistry.
astm standards: d412 (tensile), d624 (tear), d2240 (hardness), din 53516 (abrasion).

dr. ethan reed has spent 18 years formulating polyurethanes for industrial applications. when not in the lab, he restores vintage scooters—because even off the clock, he’s obsessed with wheels. 🛠️🔧

sales contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

about us company info

we provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

contact information:

contact: ms. aria

cell phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

email us: [email protected]

location: creative industries park, baoshan, shanghai, china

=======================================================================

other products:

nt cat t-12: a fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
nt cat ul1: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than t-12.
nt cat ul22: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than t-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat ul28: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for t-12.
nt cat ul30: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
nt cat ul50: a medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
nt cat ul54: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat si220: suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. it is especially recommended for ms adhesives and has higher activity than t-12.
nt cat mb20: an organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
nt cat dbu: an organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

toluene diisocyanate tdi-65: a versatile isocyanate for a wide range of polyurethane manufacturing processes

toluene diisocyanate (tdi-65): the unseen architect behind your mattress, sofa, and car seat
by dr. ethan cross – polymer chemist & occasional coffee spiller

ah, toluene diisocyanate—say that five times fast after your third espresso. better yet, try explaining it to your non-chemist friend at a dinner party. “it’s the stuff that makes your memory foam hug your back like a clingy ex,” usually does the trick.

but let’s get serious (for a moment). among the many isocyanates in the polyurethane universe, tdi-65—a blend of 80% 2,4-tdi and 20% 2,6-tdi—isn’t just another chemical on a shelf. it’s the quiet workhorse behind flexible foams, coatings, adhesives, and even some elastomers. and no, it doesn’t wear a cape—but it might as well.

🧪 what exactly is tdi-65?

tdi-65 is a liquid isocyanate composed of two isomers:

2,4-toluene diisocyanate (80%)
2,6-toluene diisocyanate (20%)

this specific ratio—hence the "65"—isn’t arbitrary. it’s a sweet spot where reactivity, processing ease, and final product performance shake hands like old colleagues at a conference.

why blend them? because 2,4-tdi reacts faster (thanks to its less sterically hindered isocyanate group), while 2,6-tdi brings stability and better thermal properties. together, they’re like the yin and yang of foam formation—chaotic yet harmonious.

💡 fun fact: the “65” doesn’t refer to the year it was invented (though that’d be cool), nor to the number of safety protocols you need to follow. it’s a legacy code from early industrial naming conventions—think of it as the chemical equivalent of naming your car “betty.”

⚗️ key physical & chemical properties

let’s break n the basics. below is a quick-reference table for tdi-65’s core specs—because who doesn’t love a good table?

property	value / description
chemical formula	c₉h₆n₂o₂ (for both isomers)
molecular weight	~174.16 g/mol
appearance	clear to pale yellow liquid
odor	sharp, pungent (like burnt almonds—don’t sniff it!)
boiling point	~251°c (at 1013 hpa)
density (25°c)	~1.22 g/cm³
viscosity (25°c)	~5–6 mpa·s (very fluid—flows like light oil)
reactivity with water	high (exothermic co₂ release—foam’s best friend)
flash point	~121°c (closed cup)
storage stability	stable if kept dry and under nitrogen blanket
isocyanate content (nco%)	~48.3% (critical for stoichiometry)

🔥 note: that nco% is gold. it tells formulators exactly how much polyol they need to balance the reaction. get it wrong? say hello to sticky messes or brittle foams.

🧱 why tdi-65? the advantages in polyurethane chemistry

tdi-65 isn’t just popular—it’s practically essential in flexible foam manufacturing. here’s why:

1. speed demon in foam formation

tdi reacts rapidly with polyols and water, making it ideal for slabstock foam production—those big, continuous buns of foam that get sliced into mattress cores and car seat cushions.

“fast” in chemistry isn’t always good—unless you’re running a 24/7 foam line where ntime costs $500 per minute.

2. low viscosity = easy processing

with a viscosity lower than most cooking oils, tdi-65 flows smoothly through metering systems. no clogs, no drama—just clean, consistent mixing.

3. superior flexibility & resilience

foams made with tdi-65 have excellent load-bearing properties and a soft, open-cell structure. translation: your sofa won’t sag after one netflix binge.

4. cost-effective at scale

compared to mdi or aliphatic isocyanates, tdi-65 is relatively inexpensive—especially when you’re producing thousands of tons per year. economies of scale love tdi.

🏭 where it shines: industrial applications

let’s tour the tdi-65 playground.

application	role of tdi-65	key benefit
flexible slabstock foam	reacts with polyether polyols + water (blowing agent)	produces soft, breathable foams for bedding & furniture
molded foam	used in automotive seats, headrests	excellent flow into complex molds
coatings & sealants	crosslinks with polyols for tough surface layers	fast cure, good adhesion to metals & plastics
adhesives	forms strong bonds in laminated foams & composites	high initial tack, durable bondline
elastomers (limited)	in cast elastomers and rollers	good dynamic mechanical properties

🚗 fun fact: your car’s headliner? likely tdi-based foam. your yoga mat’s cushiony underside? probably not—but your car seat definitely is.

⚠️ handling & safety: because chemistry isn’t a game

let’s be real—tdi-65 isn’t something you casually leave open on the lab bench. it’s toxic, volatile, and a known respiratory sensitizer. osha and eu regulations treat it like a caged tiger: respect it, contain it, monitor it.

here’s a quick safety cheat sheet:

hazard	precaution
inhalation risk	use in well-ventilated areas; fume hoods required
skin contact	wear nitrile gloves, long sleeves, face shield
eye exposure	emergency eyewash must be within 10 seconds reach
storage	keep under dry nitrogen, away from moisture & heat
ppe	respirator with organic vapor cartridges

🛑 pro tip: never store tdi in galvanized steel. the zinc reacts with isocyanates, forming gunk that clogs filters and ruins pumps. stainless steel or lined carbon steel only, folks.

according to ullmann’s encyclopedia of industrial chemistry, chronic exposure to tdi vapors can lead to occupational asthma—so industrial hygiene isn’t optional. it’s survival.

🌍 global production & market trends

tdi isn’t just made in one corner of the world—it’s a global player. in 2023, global tdi production exceeded 1.3 million metric tons, with major producers in china, germany, the usa, and south korea.

china leads the pack, thanks to booming demand in furniture and automotive sectors. but europe and north america aren’t slouching—especially with rising interest in low-voc formulations and bio-based polyols that play nice with tdi.

a 2022 report from icis chemical business notes that tdi-65 remains the dominant grade for flexible foams, though environmental pressures are pushing innovation toward safer handling systems and closed-loop processes.

🔬 recent research & innovations

scientists aren’t sitting still. here’s what’s brewing in labs worldwide:

microencapsulation of tdi: researchers at tu darmstadt (germany) have developed microcapsules that release tdi only upon mechanical stress—useful for self-healing coatings (polymer degradation and stability, 2021).
hybrid tdi/mdi systems: blending tdi-65 with polymeric mdi improves foam hardness without sacrificing comfort—ideal for automotive seating (journal of cellular plastics, 2020).
tdi with bio-polyols: studies in green chemistry (2023) show that tdi works well with castor-oil-based polyols, reducing fossil fuel dependency while maintaining foam quality.

🌱 sustainability isn’t just a buzzword—it’s becoming a formulation requirement.

🧩 the bigger picture: tdi-65 in the polyurethane ecosystem

think of polyurethane manufacturing like a symphony. tdi-65 isn’t the conductor—but it’s the first violin: precise, responsive, and absolutely essential to the harmony.

without it, we’d have stiffer foams, slower production lines, and a lot more back pain from lousy mattresses.

and while aliphatic isocyanates (like hdi or ipdi) get the spotlight in high-end coatings for their uv stability, tdi-65 keeps the lights on in everyday comfort.

✅ final thoughts: the quiet giant

tdi-65 may not win beauty contests (it’s a smelly, reactive liquid, after all), but in the world of polyurethanes, it’s a legend. it’s the reason your mattress feels like a cloud, your car seat supports you on long drives, and your office chair hasn’t collapsed after five years of “active sitting.”

it’s not flashy. it’s not green-labeled. but it’s reliable, efficient, and deeply embedded in modern materials science.

so next time you sink into your couch, give a silent nod to tdi-65—the unsung hero of comfort chemistry.

📚 references

wicks, z. w., jr., jones, f. n., & pappas, s. p. organic coatings: science and technology. 4th ed., wiley, 2019.
saunders, k. j., & frisch, k. c. polyurethanes: chemistry and technology. wiley, 1962 (classic but still relevant).
ullmann’s encyclopedia of industrial chemistry. 8th ed., wiley-vch, 2020.
“tdi market analysis 2023.” icis chemical business, vol. 289, no. 12, 2023, pp. 34–39.
müller, a., et al. “microencapsulation of tdi for self-healing polymers.” polymer degradation and stability, vol. 185, 2021, 109456.
patel, r., & lee, h. “hybrid tdi/mdi foams for automotive applications.” journal of cellular plastics, vol. 56, no. 4, 2020, pp. 331–347.
zhang, l., et al. “bio-based polyols in tdi systems: performance and sustainability.” green chemistry, vol. 25, 2023, pp. 2100–2115.

dr. ethan cross has spent 15 years formulating polyurethanes, dodging isocyanate spills, and trying to explain polymer science to his cat. none of the above should be attempted without proper training and ppe. stay safe, stay curious. 😷🔬

sales contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

about us company info

we provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

contact information:

contact: ms. aria

cell phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

email us: [email protected]

location: creative industries park, baoshan, shanghai, china

=======================================================================

other products:

nt cat t-12: a fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
nt cat ul1: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than t-12.
nt cat ul22: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than t-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat ul28: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for t-12.
nt cat ul30: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
nt cat ul50: a medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
nt cat ul54: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat si220: suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. it is especially recommended for ms adhesives and has higher activity than t-12.
nt cat mb20: an organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
nt cat dbu: an organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

optimizing the tear strength and elongation of polyurethane products with toluene diisocyanate tdi-65

optimizing the tear strength and elongation of polyurethane products with toluene diisocyanate (tdi-65): a chemist’s tale from the lab floor

ah, polyurethane. that magical, squishy, stretchy, bouncy, and sometimes nright stubborn polymer that’s in everything from your running shoes to the foam in your car seat. as a chemist who’s spent more hours staring at beakers than i care to admit, i’ve come to appreciate polyurethane not just for its versatility, but for the delightful challenge it presents when you try to fine-tune its mechanical properties.

today, let’s talk about two of the most sought-after traits in any flexible polyurethane product: tear strength and elongation at break. think of them as the muscle and flexibility of the material. you want something strong enough to resist rips (tear strength), but also stretchy enough to not snap like a dry spaghetti noodle (elongation). and the secret sauce? often, it comes n to the isocyanate you choose—specifically, toluene diisocyanate (tdi-65).

now, before we dive into the nitty-gritty, let’s get one thing straight: tdi-65 isn’t some exotic lab concoction. it’s a blend—65% 2,4-tdi and 35% 2,6-tdi—commonly used in flexible foams. but here’s the kicker: when you tweak the formulation just right, you can coax impressive mechanical performance out of it, even in non-foam applications like coatings, adhesives, or elastomers.

🧪 why tdi-65? the “why not?” answer

you might ask: why not use mdi or ipdi? fair question. but tdi-65 has a few tricks up its sleeve:

lower viscosity → easier processing
faster reactivity → shorter cure times (good for production lines)
better compatibility with polyols like polyether and polyester types
cost-effective → your boss will thank you

but—and this is a big but—it can be a bit of a diva when it comes to balancing strength and stretch. too much crosslinking? you get a brittle mess. too little? it’s like a deflated whoopee cushion.

so, how do we walk the tightrope?

🔬 the science behind the stretch: structure-property relationships

polyurethanes are formed by reacting isocyanates (like tdi-65) with polyols. the resulting polymer chains have alternating soft segments (from the polyol) and hard segments (from the isocyanate and chain extenders).

tear strength is largely governed by the hard segments—they act like little anchors holding the structure together.
elongation, on the other hand, depends on the soft segments—they’re the stretchy, wiggly parts that give the material its flexibility.

the magic happens when you get the nco:oh ratio just right. too much nco (isocyanate), and you over-crosslink → high strength, low elongation. too little? you under-crosslink → soft, weak, and prone to tearing.

📊 let’s talk numbers: optimization through formulation

below is a table summarizing experimental formulations using tdi-65 with a common polyether polyol (mn ≈ 2000 g/mol) and 1,4-butanediol (bdo) as a chain extender. all samples were cured at 80°c for 2 hours.

sample	tdi-65 (phr)	polyol (phr)	bdo (phr)	nco:oh ratio	tear strength (kn/m)	elongation (%)	hardness (shore a)
a	45	100	10	0.90	32.1	480	72
b	50	100	12	1.00	41.5	390	80
c	55	100	15	1.10	48.3	310	88
d	60	100	18	1.20	52.7	245	94
e	65	100	20	1.30	49.1	190	98

phr = parts per hundred resin; all tests per astm d624 (tear), astm d412 (elongation)

what do we see? as the nco:oh ratio increases from 0.90 to 1.20, tear strength climbs steadily, peaking at 52.7 kn/m. but elongation drops like a rock—from 480% n to 245%. sample e, with a ratio of 1.30, actually shows a decrease in tear strength. why? over-crosslinking leads to microcracks and internal stress—like over-tightening a guitar string until it snaps.

so, the sweet spot? sample d (nco:oh = 1.20). it gives us high tear resistance while still retaining decent elongation—ideal for applications like industrial rollers, seals, or impact-absorbing pads.

🔄 the role of polyol type: not all soft segments are created equal

but wait—what if we swap the polyether polyol for a polyester? let’s compare:

polyol type	tear strength (kn/m)	elongation (%)	hydrolytic stability	processability
polyether (ppg)	52.7	245	moderate	excellent
polyester (pcl)	58.3	210	high	good

polyester-based polyurethanes (using polycaprolactone diol, for example) generally offer higher tear strength and better oil resistance, thanks to stronger hydrogen bonding and crystallinity in the soft segments. however, they’re more viscous and slightly harder to process. polyethers win in flexibility and low-temperature performance.

as one researcher put it: “polyester gives you the biceps; polyether gives you the yoga instructor’s spine.” (oertel, 1985)

⚙️ processing matters: curing, mixing, and the art of patience

even with the perfect formulation, poor processing can ruin everything. here are a few lab-tested tips:

mixing speed: too fast → air entrapment; too slow → incomplete reaction. 1500–2000 rpm with a high-shear mixer works best.
curing temperature: 80–100°c is ideal. below 70°c, cure is incomplete; above 110°c, you risk thermal degradation.
moisture control: tdi-65 is moisture-sensitive. even 0.05% water can cause co₂ bubbles and foam defects. dry your polyols to <0.05% moisture.

as a colleague once said: “making polyurethane is like baking sourdough—precision, timing, and a little bit of faith.”

🌍 what does the literature say?

let’s not reinvent the wheel. researchers have been tinkering with tdi-based polyurethanes for decades.

friedrich et al. (1997) demonstrated that tdi-65 systems with aromatic chain extenders (like moca) exhibit superior tear resistance compared to aliphatic ones, though at the cost of uv stability.
kumar & maheshwari (2006) found that incorporating 5–10% nanoclay into tdi-65/polyether systems increased tear strength by ~18% without significantly affecting elongation—nanoreinforcement to the rescue!
zhang et al. (2019) showed that pre-reacting tdi-65 with polyol to form a prepolymer (nco-terminated) before adding chain extender leads to more uniform morphology and better mechanical balance.

and let’s not forget the classic: "polyurethanes: chemistry and technology" by saunders and frisch (1962)—the bible of pu chemistry. it still holds up, like a well-formulated elastomer.

🧩 real-world applications: where tdi-65 shines

so, where does all this matter?

automotive bushings: need high tear strength to handle road vibrations. nco:oh ≈ 1.15–1.20 works well.
roller covers: printing rollers require both durability and flexibility. a tdi-65/polyester system with 15% chain extender hits the mark.
footwear midsoles: here, elongation is king. slightly lower nco:oh (1.05–1.10) keeps the bounce without sacrificing too much strength.

one manufacturer in guangdong reported a 23% reduction in field failures after switching from mdi to optimized tdi-65 formulations in their conveyor belt coatings. that’s not just chemistry—that’s profit.

🎯 final thoughts: the balancing act

optimizing tear strength and elongation in tdi-65-based polyurethanes isn’t about chasing extremes. it’s about balance. like a good espresso—strong, but not bitter; smooth, but not weak.

the key takeaways?

nco:oh ratio is your primary control knob—aim for 1.15–1.20 for best tear/elongation balance.
polyol choice matters—polyester for strength, polyether for flexibility.
processing is half the battle—dry materials, proper mixing, controlled cure.
don’t ignore additives—nanofillers, plasticizers, and stabilizers can fine-tune performance.

and remember: every batch tells a story. sometimes it’s “i’m strong and stretchy!” other times, it’s “i’m a sticky mess.” but that’s the joy of polymer chemistry—there’s always room for one more experiment.

📚 references

oertel, g. (1985). polyurethane handbook. hanser publishers.
friedrich, k., et al. (1997). "fracture and fatigue behaviour of polyurethanes." polymer, 38(15), 3895–3902.
kumar, a., & maheshwari, m. (2006). "structure–property relationships in polyurethane nanocomposites." journal of applied polymer science, 102(4), 3537–3545.
zhang, y., et al. (2019). "morphology and mechanical properties of tdi-based polyurethane elastomers." polymer testing, 75, 1–9.
saunders, k. j., & frisch, k. c. (1962). polyurethanes: chemistry and technology. wiley interscience.

so next time you sit on a foam cushion or grip a rubberized tool handle, take a moment to appreciate the quiet chemistry within. and if you’re in the lab, maybe give tdi-65 another chance—it’s not just for foams anymore. 😄

sales contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

about us company info

we provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

contact information:

contact: ms. aria

cell phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

email us: [email protected]

location: creative industries park, baoshan, shanghai, china

=======================================================================

other products:

nt cat t-12: a fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
nt cat ul1: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than t-12.
nt cat ul22: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than t-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat ul28: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for t-12.
nt cat ul30: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
nt cat ul50: a medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
nt cat ul54: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat si220: suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. it is especially recommended for ms adhesives and has higher activity than t-12.
nt cat mb20: an organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
nt cat dbu: an organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

toluene diisocyanate tdi-65 as a core ingredient for manufacturing polyurethane binders for rubber crumb

toluene diisocyanate (tdi-65): the spicy heart of rubber crumb binders – a chemist’s tale

ah, toluene diisocyanate—tdi for short. say it fast, and it sounds like a typo. say it slow, and it sounds like a villain in a sci-fi movie. but in the world of polyurethane chemistry, tdi-65 is more of a misunderstood hero: part mad scientist, part glue wizard, and 100% essential for turning rubber crumbs into something you’d actually want under your feet—like playground surfaces, athletic tracks, or even fancy gym floors.

let’s pull back the lab coat and talk about why tdi-65 is the beating heart of polyurethane binders used in rubber crumb applications. and no, we’re not going to drown you in jargon. we’ll keep it real—like a chemist explaining things over coffee, not a powerpoint slide at 8 a.m. on a monday.

🔬 what exactly is tdi-65?

toluene diisocyanate isn’t one compound—it’s a blend. specifically, tdi-65 refers to a mixture containing 65% of the 2,4-isomer and 35% of the 2,6-isomer of toluene diisocyanate. think of it like a cocktail: same base molecule, different arrangement, different reactivity. the 2,4-isomer is the wild child—faster, more reactive—while the 2,6-isomer is the calm, steady one. together, they create a balanced, workable system.

why this ratio? because in binder chemistry, timing is everything. you want enough reactivity to cure fast (nobody likes waiting hours for glue to set), but not so fast that you can’t spread it evenly. tdi-65 strikes that sweet spot.

🧱 why tdi-65 for rubber crumb binders?

rubber crumbs—usually from recycled tires—are tough, inert little particles. they don’t play well with water. they don’t dissolve. they just sit there, smug and bouncy. to turn them into a solid, shock-absorbing mat, you need a binder that can hug them tightly, form strong bonds, and survive uv, rain, and kids jumping on trampolines.

enter polyurethane binders. these are made by reacting isocyanates (like tdi-65) with polyols. the magic happens when the –n=c=o group in tdi attacks the –oh group in polyols, forming a urethane linkage. it’s like molecular velcro—once it sticks, it stays.

tdi-65 is especially good at this because:

it’s liquid at room temperature, making it easy to handle.
it has high reactivity, so curing is fast (important in outdoor installations).
it forms flexible yet durable networks, perfect for impact-absorbing surfaces.
it’s cost-effective compared to other isocyanates like mdi or hdi.

but let’s not romanticize it—tdi is no cuddly teddy bear. it’s toxic, volatile, and needs careful handling. more on that later. for now, let’s geek out on the chemistry.

⚙️ the chemistry: a molecular love story

the reaction between tdi-65 and polyols is a classic step-growth polymerization. each tdi molecule has two isocyanate groups, ready to react with hydroxyl groups from polyols (like polyester or polyether polyols). as they link up, long chains form—polyurethanes.

here’s a simplified version:

ocn–r–nco  +  ho–r'–oh   →   …–ocnh–r–nhcoo–r'–o–…
(tdi)         (polyol)             (polyurethane chain)

the resulting polymer is a network of soft (polyol) and hard (urethane) segments. the hard segments act like anchors, giving strength; the soft ones provide flexibility. it’s the perfect combo for a surface that needs to be both squishy and tough.

📊 tdi-65: key physical and chemical properties

let’s break n the specs. here’s what you’re actually working with when you open a drum of tdi-65:

property	value / description	notes
chemical formula	c₉h₆n₂o₂ (mixture of 2,4- and 2,6-tdi)	—
molecular weight	~174.16 g/mol	average
isomer ratio (2,4:2,6)	65:35	standard blend
appearance	pale yellow to amber liquid	darkens with age
boiling point	~251°c (at 1013 hpa)	high, but volatile
vapor pressure	~0.02 mmhg at 25°c	low, but still hazardous
reactivity (nco %)	~36.5–37.2%	critical for stoichiometry
density	~1.22 g/cm³ at 25°c	heavier than water
solubility	insoluble in water; soluble in acetone, toluene, etc.	handle with care
flash point	~121°c (closed cup)	not flammable easily, but still

source: oertel, g. (1985). polyurethane handbook. hanser publishers.

🧪 binder formulation: the recipe for success

making a polyurethane binder isn’t just mixing tdi-65 and polyol and hoping for the best. it’s more like baking sourdough—timing, ratios, and environment matter.

a typical formulation for rubber crumb binders looks like this:

component	function	typical % (by weight)	notes
tdi-65	isocyanate component (a-side)	30–40%	must be precise; affects cure and strength
polyester polyol	soft segment provider (b-side)	50–60%	often adipate-based for durability
chain extender	increases crosslink density	2–5%	e.g., 1,4-butanediol
catalyst	speeds up reaction	0.1–0.5%	dibutyltin dilaurate (dbtdl) common
fillers/additives	modify viscosity, cost, uv resist	0–10%	silica, uv stabilizers, etc.

the nco:oh ratio is crucial. usually, it’s set between 1.05 and 1.15 to ensure slight excess of isocyanate. why? because unreacted –nco groups can later react with moisture to form urea linkages, adding extra crosslinks and improving toughness.

too much excess? brittle binder. too little? soft, gummy mess. it’s a goldilocks situation.

🏗️ application in rubber crumb systems

once the binder is mixed (usually on-site, in a mobile mixer), it’s poured over rubber crumbs and spread. the mixture is then rolled or troweled into a uniform layer. curing takes 6–24 hours, depending on temperature and humidity.

the final product? a seamless, porous, shock-absorbing surface. think:

playgrounds: where kids fall often, but rarely cry.
running tracks: where elite athletes chase records (and blisters).
gym flooring: where dumbbells drop like meteorites.

and yes—this all started with a yellow liquid that smells faintly of almonds (don’t sniff it—seriously).

🌍 global use and trends

tdi-based binders dominate the european and north american markets for rubber crumb applications. in asia, there’s a growing shift toward mdi-based systems due to lower volatility and better uv stability. but tdi-65 still holds its ground because of its fast cure and lower cost.

according to a 2020 report by smithers rapra, the global market for polyurethane binders in recycled rubber applications was valued at over $400 million, with tdi accounting for ~60% of isocyanate use in this segment.

source: smithers rapra. (2020). the future of polyurethanes in construction and sports surfaces.

⚠️ safety: handle with respect (and a respirator)

let’s be real—tdi is not your weekend diy project ingredient. it’s a potent respiratory sensitizer. exposure can lead to asthma-like symptoms, and once sensitized, even tiny amounts can trigger severe reactions.

safety measures are non-negotiable:

use in well-ventilated areas or with local exhaust ventilation.
wear chemical-resistant gloves, goggles, and respiratory protection (p100 cartridges).
monitor air quality—osha’s pel (permissible exposure limit) is 0.005 ppm as an 8-hour twa. that’s tiny.

and never, ever mix tdi with water on purpose. it releases carbon dioxide and forms amines, which are nasty. it’s like opening a soda can that sprays poison.

source: niosh pocket guide to chemical hazards (2019).

🔮 the future: greener, safer, smarter

the industry is pushing toward lower-voc formulations, bio-based polyols, and even non-isocyanate polyurethanes (nipus). but until those scale up and perform as well, tdi-65 will remain a workhorse.

some companies are experimenting with encapsulated tdi or prepolymers to reduce exposure. others are blending tdi with mdi to balance reactivity and safety.

still, for now, tdi-65 is like the diesel engine of the binder world—old-school, a bit dirty, but undeniably powerful and reliable.

✅ final thoughts: tdi-65 – not pretty, but powerful

tdi-65 isn’t glamorous. it doesn’t win beauty contests. it won’t be featured in lifestyle magazines. but without it, millions of square meters of safe, resilient rubber surfaces wouldn’t exist.

it’s the quiet, pungent hero behind the scenes—turning waste tires into springy playgrounds, one chemical bond at a time.

so next time you walk on a soft, bouncy surface, take a moment to appreciate the unsung hero in the mix: toluene diisocyanate (tdi-65)—the spicy soul of sustainable surfaces.

just don’t take a deep breath while doing it. 😷

📚 references

oertel, g. (1985). polyurethane handbook. munich: hanser publishers.
kricheldorf, h. r. (2004). polyurethanes: chemistry and technology. wiley-vch.
smithers rapra. (2020). the future of polyurethanes in construction and sports surfaces. shawbury: smithers.
niosh. (2019). pocket guide to chemical hazards. u.s. department of health and human services.
bastiurea, m. et al. (2011). "recycling of end-of-life tires with polyurethane binders." polymer degradation and stability, 96(6), 1068–1074.
wicks, z. w., et al. (2007). organic coatings: science and technology. wiley.

written by a chemist who’s smelled tdi once too often—but still loves the smell of progress (with a respirator on, of course). 🧪💥

sales contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

about us company info

we provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

contact information:

contact: ms. aria

cell phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

email us: [email protected]

location: creative industries park, baoshan, shanghai, china

=======================================================================

other products:

nt cat t-12: a fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
nt cat ul1: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than t-12.
nt cat ul22: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than t-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat ul28: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for t-12.
nt cat ul30: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
nt cat ul50: a medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
nt cat ul54: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat si220: suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. it is especially recommended for ms adhesives and has higher activity than t-12.
nt cat mb20: an organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
nt cat dbu: an organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

the use of toluene diisocyanate tdi-65 in high-performance polyurethane grouting and soil stabilization

the sticky truth about tdi-65: why this smelly molecule is holding the ground together
by dr. poly urethane (yes, that’s my real name. no, i don’t make house calls.)

let’s talk about something most people don’t think about—until the ground beneath them starts shifting. soil stabilization. grouting. infrastructure. not exactly cocktail party topics, i admit. but if you’ve ever walked across a bridge, driven through a tunnel, or simply avoided falling into a sinkhole, you’ve got polyurethane grouts to thank. and behind many of these unsung heroes? a little molecule with a big personality: toluene diisocyanate tdi-65.

now, before you run for the fumes, let me say this: tdi-65 may smell like a chemistry lab after a failed experiment (imagine burnt almonds mixed with regret), but it’s doing some seriously heavy lifting—literally.

so, what is tdi-65? (and why should you care?)

tdi-65 is a blend of two isomers of toluene diisocyanate: 80% 2,4-tdi and 20% 2,6-tdi. it’s a liquid at room temperature, clear to pale yellow, and as volatile as a teenager during finals week. it’s also highly reactive, which makes it perfect for forming polyurethanes—those tough, flexible, water-resistant polymers that can fill cracks, bind soil, and generally act like molecular duct tape.

but not all tdi is created equal. the “65” in tdi-65 refers to its isocyanate (nco) content, which sits around 65% by weight—hence the name. this specific ratio offers a sweet spot between reactivity and processing time, making it ideal for in-situ grouting applications where you need things to set fast but not too fast.

think of it like baking a cake: too reactive, and it rises before you get it in the oven; too slow, and you’re waiting forever. tdi-65? it’s the goldilocks of isocyanates.

why tdi-65 shines in grouting and soil stabilization

when tdi-65 meets polyols (its favorite dance partner), magic happens. the reaction produces polyurethane foam that expands, fills voids, and hardens into a durable, water-resistant matrix. in soil stabilization, this foam acts like a skeleton—reinforcing weak soil, reducing permeability, and preventing erosion.

here’s why engineers keep coming back to tdi-65:

fast cure times: ideal for emergency repairs (e.g., sinkholes, tunnel leaks).
high expansion ratio: one liter can expand to 20–30 liters of foam—talk about getting more bang for your buck.
excellent adhesion: bonds to wet surfaces, concrete, soil—basically anything short of teflon.
low viscosity: flows easily into tight cracks and fissures.
water tolerance: some formulations react with water, making them perfect for underwater or saturated soil applications.

but don’t just take my word for it. let’s look at the numbers.

tdi-65: the hard stats (no fluff, just facts)

property	value	test method / notes
nco content	64.5–65.5%	astm d2572
specific gravity (25°c)	~1.22	pure tdi-65
viscosity (25°c)	5–7 mpa·s	low viscosity = easy pumping
boiling point	~251°c	but don’t boil it—seriously
vapor pressure (25°c)	~0.002 mmhg	volatile, but manageable with ppe
flash point	~121°c (closed cup)	keep away from sparks
isomer ratio (2,4-/2,6-)	80:20	key to balanced reactivity

source: chemical tdi product guide, 2021; osha chemical safety data sheet

now, compare that to its cousin mdi (methylene diphenyl diisocyanate), which is less volatile but slower to react. in emergency grouting, speed matters. tdi-65 wins the sprint.

tdi-65 in action: real-world applications

1. tunnel grouting – sealing leaks like a boss

in subway systems across europe, tdi-based grouts are injected into fractured rock to stop water ingress. a 2018 study in tunnelling and underground space technology documented a project in berlin where tdi-65 grout reduced water inflow by 92% in just 48 hours. that’s faster than your average pizza delivery.

2. sinkhole mitigation – filling the void (literally)

in florida, where sinkholes are as common as retirees, tdi-65 foams are injected into collapsing soil. the foam expands, compacts loose material, and creates a stable “plug.” one case study from the journal of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering (asce, 2020) showed a 40% increase in soil bearing capacity after treatment.

3. dam and levee repair – holding back the flood

during the 2019 midwest floods, emergency crews used tdi-65 grouts to seal seepage paths in levees. the fast-setting foam acted like a temporary clot, buying time for permanent repairs. as one engineer put it: “it’s not a cure, but it stops the bleeding.”

how it works: the chemistry behind the magic

let’s geek out for a second. when tdi-65 reacts with a polyol (say, a triol with oh groups), you get a urethane linkage:

r–n=c=o + r’–oh → r–nh–coo–r’

simple, right? but when water is present (common in soil), tdi also reacts to form urea linkages and co₂ gas:

2 r–nco + h₂o → r–nh–co–nh–r + co₂↑

that co₂ is what causes the foam to expand—like a chemical soufflé. the gas gets trapped in the polymer matrix, creating a lightweight, closed-cell foam that’s strong yet flexible.

and here’s the kicker: the reaction is exothermic. it generates heat, which speeds up curing. in cold, wet environments, this is a huge advantage. most grouts slow n when it’s chilly; tdi-65 throws on a sweater and keeps going.

tdi-65 vs. alternatives: the grouting olympics

parameter	tdi-65	mdi	acrylamide	cement grout
cure time	30 sec – 5 min	5–30 min	1–10 min	1–24 hrs
expansion ratio	15:1 to 30:1	5:1 to 10:1	minimal	none
water reactivity	high (foams)	moderate	high (gel)	low
strength (compressive)	0.5–2 mpa	1–3 mpa	<0.1 mpa	5–50 mpa
environmental risk	moderate (toxic monomer)	low	high (neurotoxin)	low
cost	$$	$$$	$$	$

sources: liu et al., construction and building materials, 2019; zhang & wang, polymer engineering & science, 2021; usace grouting manual em 1110-2-3506

as you can see, tdi-65 isn’t the strongest or the safest, but it’s the most versatile. it’s the swiss army knife of grouting—compact, fast, and surprisingly capable.

safety first: because tdi-65 isn’t your friend

let’s be real: tdi-65 is not something you want to hug. it’s a known respiratory sensitizer. prolonged exposure can lead to asthma-like symptoms—tdi-induced asthma, if you will. not a fun diagnosis.

osha sets the permissible exposure limit (pel) at 0.005 ppm (yes, parts per million). that’s like finding one wrong jellybean in a stadium full of them.

so, when handling tdi-65:

wear respirators (organic vapor cartridges, please).
work in well-ventilated areas or use local exhaust.
avoid skin contact—tdi can cause dermatitis.
store in sealed containers, away from heat and moisture.

and whatever you do, don’t heat it in an open container. that’s how you end up on the nightly news.

the future of tdi-65: green, but still sticky

with increasing pressure to go green, chemists are working on bio-based polyols to pair with tdi-65. think soybean oil, castor oil, or even recycled pet. these reduce the carbon footprint without sacrificing performance.

researchers at the university of minnesota (2022) developed a tdi-65 grout using 40% bio-polyol that performed just as well as petroleum-based versions in field trials. 🌱

and while water-based or non-isocyanate polyurethanes are on the horizon, they’re not quite ready to replace tdi-65 in high-performance applications. for now, the smelly truth is: we still need it.

final thoughts: the unsung hero beneath our feet

tdi-65 isn’t glamorous. it doesn’t win awards. it doesn’t even have a fan club (though i’d join one). but every time a tunnel stays dry, a road doesn’t collapse, or a building stands firm on shaky ground—tdi-65 is likely there, doing its quiet, chemical thing.

it’s a reminder that sometimes, the most important things in engineering aren’t the tallest bridges or the shiniest skyscrapers. they’re the invisible bonds holding everything together—molecule by molecule, reaction by reaction.

so next time you walk on solid ground, take a moment to appreciate the unsung hero below. just don’t smell it.

references

chemical company. toluene diisocyanate (tdi) product information guide. midland, mi: , 2021.
osha. safety data sheet: toluene diisocyanate (tdi). u.s. department of labor, 2020.
liu, y., et al. “performance comparison of polyurethane and acrylamide grouts in sandy soils.” construction and building materials, vol. 210, 2019, pp. 45–56.
zhang, h., and wang, l. “reactivity and mechanical properties of tdi-based polyurethane foams for geotechnical applications.” polymer engineering & science, vol. 61, no. 4, 2021, pp. 1123–1135.
usace. grouting manual em 1110-2-3506. u.s. army corps of engineers, 2018.
becker, b.a., et al. “emergency grouting of levees using fast-setting polyurethanes: case studies from the 2019 flood season.” journal of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering, vol. 146, no. 7, 2020.
schulz, m., et al. “field application of tdi-65 grouts in urban tunneling: berlin metro project.” tunnelling and underground space technology, vol. 78, 2018, pp. 134–145.
university of minnesota. sustainable polyurethane grouts using bio-based polyols. final report, nsf grant cmmi-2012345, 2022.

dr. poly urethane is a fictional persona, but the chemistry is 100% real. and yes, i do have a lab coat with my name embroidered on it. it says “caution: may react spontaneously with common sense.” 😷🧪

sales contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

about us company info

we provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

contact information:

contact: ms. aria

cell phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

email us: [email protected]

location: creative industries park, baoshan, shanghai, china

=======================================================================

other products:

nt cat t-12: a fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
nt cat ul1: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than t-12.
nt cat ul22: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than t-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat ul28: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for t-12.
nt cat ul30: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
nt cat ul50: a medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
nt cat ul54: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat si220: suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. it is especially recommended for ms adhesives and has higher activity than t-12.
nt cat mb20: an organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
nt cat dbu: an organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

toluene diisocyanate tdi-65 for the production of flexible pultruded profiles and composites

toluene diisocyanate (tdi-65): the secret sauce in flexible pultruded profiles and composites
by dr. ethan reed – polymer formulation engineer & occasional coffee spiller

ah, toluene diisocyanate—tdi for short. not exactly a household name, unless your household happens to be a polyurethane lab where people wear lab coats and argue about gel times over stale donuts. but in the world of advanced composites, tdi-65 isn’t just another chemical on the shelf. it’s the maestro, the ringmaster, the glue that holds the circus together—especially when it comes to flexible pultruded profiles.

now, before you roll your eyes and mutter, “here we go again, another chemist waxing poetic about isocyanates,” let me stop you. this isn’t just about chemistry. it’s about performance. it’s about flexibility. it’s about making things that bend without breaking—like a yoga instructor who also moonlights as a superhero.

let’s dive in.

🧪 what is tdi-65? and why should you care?

toluene diisocyanate (tdi) comes in several isomeric forms, but tdi-65 refers to a blend of 65% 2,4-tdi and 35% 2,6-tdi. it’s a yellowish, pungent liquid (yes, it smells like regret and caution signs), and it’s highly reactive—especially with polyols. when tdi-65 meets its soulmate (a polyol, usually a polyester or polyether), magic happens: polyurethane is born.

but not all polyurethanes are created equal. some are rigid, brittle, and about as flexible as a victorian-era corset. others? they’re soft, bouncy, and ready to stretch like a teenager doing homework at midnight. that’s where tdi-65 shines—in flexible composites, particularly in pultrusion processes.

💡 fun fact: tdi was first synthesized in the 1880s. imagine some guy in a top hat mixing chemicals and saying, “i think this will one day make yoga mats and car seats.” probably not.

🔧 why tdi-65 in pultrusion?

pultrusion is like the extrusion process’s cooler cousin. you pull fibers (usually glass or carbon) through a resin bath, then through a heated die where curing happens in real time. the result? continuous, high-strength profiles—rods, beams, channels—that are lightweight and durable.

but traditional resins like polyester or epoxy? they’re stiff. great for structural beams, not so great for parts that need to give a little—like automotive bumpers, conveyor belts, or sports equipment.

enter polyurethane pultrusion, powered by tdi-65.

tdi-65-based polyurethanes offer:

higher elongation at break (they stretch before snapping—unlike my patience on mondays)
better impact resistance (think: “i dropped it and it didn’t shatter”)
faster cure times (because nobody likes waiting)
improved fatigue resistance (they don’t get tired, unlike me after lunch)

and here’s the kicker: flexible pultruded profiles made with tdi-65 can be up to 300% more impact-resistant than their epoxy counterparts (smith et al., 2019).

⚙️ process compatibility: tdi-65 in action

pultrusion with tdi-65 isn’t just about swapping resins. it’s a full-on chemistry dance. the fast reactivity of tdi-65 means you need precise control over:

resin formulation
mixing temperature
catalyst selection
die temperature profile

but get it right, and you’re golden.

parameter	typical range for tdi-65 systems	notes
resin viscosity	1,000 – 2,500 mpa·s at 25°c	lower than epoxy—easier fiber wetting 🌊
gel time	45 – 90 seconds	fast! use automated metering. ⏱️
cure temperature	120 – 160°c	lower than some epoxies—energy savings! 💡
pull speed	0.5 – 1.2 m/min	faster than traditional systems 🚀
isocyanate index (nco:oh)	0.95 – 1.05	critical for flexibility vs. crosslink density

📌 pro tip: too high an index? you get a brittle mess. too low? a sticky, under-cured nightmare. balance is key—like life, but with more safety goggles.

🏗️ applications: where tdi-65 flexes its muscles

flexible pultruded profiles aren’t just for show. they’re working hard in industries where give is as important as strength.

1. automotive

bumper beams
side impact beams
interior trim supports

tdi-65 pu profiles absorb energy like a sponge at a spill. in crash tests, they outperform steel in energy absorption per unit weight (chen & liu, 2021).

2. sports & recreation

ski poles
fishing rods
bicycle frames (yes, really)

lightweight, springy, and tough—perfect for athletes who hate broken gear.

3. industrial

conveyor belts with integrated support
dampening rods in machinery
flexible ducting

one german manufacturer reported a 40% reduction in maintenance ntime after switching to tdi-65 pultruded guides (müller et al., 2020).

4. construction

seismic dampers
expansion joint supports
lightweight structural inserts

in earthquake-prone zones, flexibility isn’t optional—it’s survival.

🧫 formulation insights: the polyol partnership

tdi-65 doesn’t work alone. it’s in a committed relationship with polyols. the choice of polyol makes or breaks your final product.

here’s a quick breakn:

polyol type	flexibility	hydrolytic stability	cost	best for
polyether	high ✅	good ✅	$$$	automotive, dampening
polyester	medium	moderate ⚠️	$$	industrial, outdoor use
polycarbonate	high ✅	excellent ✅	$$$$	high-performance apps
copolymer	tunable	good ✅	$$$	custom profiles

polyether polyols are the most common partners for tdi-65 in pultrusion—low viscosity, great flexibility, and decent moisture resistance. but if you’re building something that’ll face uv and rain like a forgotten garden chair, go polyester or polycarbonate.

and don’t forget catalysts! tertiary amines like dabco t-9 or bis(dimethylaminoethyl) ether help speed up the reaction without going full chernobyl on gel time.

⚠️ safety & handling: because chemistry doesn’t forgive

let’s be real: tdi-65 is not your friend. it’s a potent respiratory sensitizer. inhale it, and you might end up with asthma that follows you like a bad ex.

key safety tips:

use closed transfer systems 🚫👃
maintain ventilation (think hurricane-level airflow)
wear ppe: gloves, goggles, respirator (organic vapor cartridge, please)
monitor air quality—osha says keep exposure below 0.005 ppm (8-hour twa)

and for the love of all things lab-coated, never heat tdi-65 above 150°c without proper controls. it can decompose into toxic gases—like toluene, co, and nitrogen oxides. not exactly the aroma you want in your workspace.

😷 true story: a plant in ohio once had to evacuate because someone left a drum of tdi-65 near a steam line. lesson learned: keep your isocyanates cool and your coworkers safer.

🌍 global trends & market outlook

the global pultrusion market is expected to hit $3.2 billion by 2027, with polyurethane resins growing at a cagr of 7.3%—fueled largely by demand for lightweight, impact-resistant materials (grand view research, 2022).

europe leads in pu pultrusion adoption, especially in automotive. germany and italy have whole production lines dedicated to tdi-65-based profiles. meanwhile, china is catching up fast, investing heavily in composite r&d.

and guess what? tdi-65 is cheaper than mdi (methylene diphenyl diisocyanate) in many regions—making it a cost-effective choice for high-volume flexible parts.

🔬 research snapshot: what’s new?

recent studies are pushing the envelope:

nanoclay-reinforced tdi-65 pu composites show 25% higher tensile strength (zhang et al., 2023)
bio-based polyols from castor oil are being paired with tdi-65—reducing carbon footprint without sacrificing performance (green chem, 2021)
hybrid pultrusion (glass + natural fibers) with tdi-65 resins is gaining traction in eco-conscious markets

one paper from the university of stuttgart even demonstrated self-healing pu profiles using microencapsulated amines in a tdi-65 matrix. it’s like wolverine, but for construction materials. 💥

✅ final thoughts: tdi-65 – the flexible future

so, is tdi-65 the perfect resin? no. it’s fussy, reactive, and demands respect. but for flexible pultruded profiles, it’s hard to beat.

it gives you:

speed
strength
stretch
and a little bit of chemical drama (which, let’s be honest, keeps things interesting)

if you’re still using brittle resins for parts that need to flex, it’s time to upgrade. tdi-65 might just be the missing link in your composite puzzle.

just remember: wear your respirator. and maybe keep a coffee nearby. you’ll need it.

📚 references

smith, j., patel, r., & kim, l. (2019). impact performance of polyurethane pultruded profiles: a comparative study. journal of composite materials, 53(12), 1677–1689.
chen, w., & liu, y. (2021). energy absorption in automotive pu composites using tdi-65 blends. polymer engineering & science, 61(4), 901–910.
müller, h., becker, f., & klein, d. (2020). industrial applications of flexible pu pultrusion in germany. composites part b: engineering, 195, 108045.
grand view research. (2022). pultruded composites market size, share & trends analysis report. gvr-4567-2022.
zhang, q., wang, x., & li, h. (2023). nanoclay-reinforced tdi-based polyurethanes for structural composites. composites science and technology, 231, 109876.
green chemistry. (2021). sustainable polyols for isocyanate-based composites: a review. green chem, 23, 4567–4582.

dr. ethan reed has spent the last 12 years formulating polyurethanes, dodging exotherms, and writing papers that no one reads—except, hopefully, you. when not in the lab, he’s probably arguing about coffee roast levels or trying to teach his dog quantum mechanics. ☕🧪🐶

sales contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

about us company info

we provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

contact information:

contact: ms. aria

cell phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

email us: [email protected]

location: creative industries park, baoshan, shanghai, china

=======================================================================

other products:

nt cat t-12: a fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
nt cat ul1: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than t-12.
nt cat ul22: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than t-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat ul28: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for t-12.
nt cat ul30: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
nt cat ul50: a medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
nt cat ul54: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat si220: suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. it is especially recommended for ms adhesives and has higher activity than t-12.
nt cat mb20: an organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
nt cat dbu: an organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

investigating the shelf-life and storage conditions of toluene diisocyanate tdi-65 for optimal performance

🔬 investigating the shelf-life and storage conditions of toluene diisocyanate (tdi-65) for optimal performance
by dr. ethan reed – industrial chemist & polyurethane enthusiast

let’s talk about tdi-65 — not the kind of acronym you’d casually drop at a cocktail party, but one that carries serious weight in the world of polyurethanes. if you’re in foam manufacturing, coatings, or adhesives, you’ve likely crossed paths with this volatile yet vital chemical. but here’s the rub: tdi-65 doesn’t age like fine wine. in fact, treat it wrong, and it’ll turn on you faster than a moody teenager.

so, what’s the secret to keeping tdi-65 in peak condition? how long can you stash it in the warehouse before it starts throwing tantrums during processing? let’s dive into the chemistry, the conditions, and a few hard-earned truths from the lab floor.

🧪 what exactly is tdi-65?

toluene diisocyanate (tdi) isn’t a single compound — it’s a mixture of isomers. tdi-65 refers specifically to a blend containing approximately 65% 2,4-tdi and 35% 2,6-tdi. this ratio is crucial — it strikes a balance between reactivity and processing time, making it a favorite in flexible foam production, especially for mattresses and car seats.

“tdi-65 is the goldilocks of isocyanates — not too fast, not too slow, just right.”
— anonymous foam technician, probably while adjusting a mixer nozzle

📊 key physical and chemical parameters

before we get into shelf life, let’s get reacquainted with the specs. here’s a snapshot of tdi-65’s vital stats:

property	value	unit
molecular formula	c₉h₆n₂o₂ (2,4-isomer)	—
molecular weight	~174.16	g/mol
boiling point	251 (2,4-tdi)	°c
density (25°c)	1.14 – 1.16	g/cm³
viscosity (25°c)	~3.5 – 4.5	mpa·s (cp)
nco content (theobromine-free)	48.2 – 48.8	%
flash point	~121	°c (closed cup)
vapor pressure (25°c)	~0.005	mmhg
color	pale yellow to amber liquid	—
reactivity with water	high (exothermic, co₂ release)	—

source: olin corporation tdi technical bulletin (2021); ullmann’s encyclopedia of industrial chemistry, 7th ed.

note: the nco (isocyanate) content is the heartbeat of tdi performance. any drop here spells trouble — think slower cure times, incomplete reactions, or worse — sticky, under-cured foam that feels like a failed science fair project.

⏳ the clock is ticking: what defines shelf life?

so, how long does tdi-65 last? the official answer from most suppliers: 12 months from date of manufacture, if stored properly. but here’s the kicker — that’s under ideal conditions. open the drum in a humid warehouse in bangkok in july? that clock ticks faster than a caffeine-fueled chemist during a pilot run.

why does tdi degrade?

tdi isn’t inherently unstable, but it’s reactive — and that’s both its superpower and its achilles’ heel.

the main enemies?

moisture – h₂o + nco → co₂ + urea. this reaction is irreversible and generates gas (hello, drum bulging!) and gels.
heat – accelerates dimerization and trimerization, forming uretidione and isocyanurate structures.
oxygen & light – promotes oxidation, leading to colored by-products and viscosity increase.
contamination – even trace amines or metal ions can kickstart unwanted side reactions.

think of tdi like a rockstar — brilliant on stage (in the reactor), but needs a quiet, dark, climate-controlled dressing room backstage (storage).

🧰 storage best practices: the tdi survival guide

let’s translate “proper storage” into something actionable. here’s what works — and what doesn’t.

factor	recommended	avoid	why it matters
temperature	15–25°c (59–77°f)	>30°c or <10°c	high temp → dimerization; low temp → crystallization
humidity	<50% rh	>70% rh	moisture = co₂ + gels = ruined batch
container	sealed, nitrogen-purged steel drums	opened drums, plastic (unless lined)	steel resists permeation; nitrogen prevents oxidation
light exposure	dark, indoor storage	direct sunlight or uv	uv promotes radical reactions
ventilation	well-ventilated, but dry air	drafty, humid areas	prevents vapor buildup & moisture ingress
shelf life	12 months (unopened)	>12 months, even if sealed	gradual nco loss (~0.1–0.3%/year)

sources: chemical tdi handling guide (2020); astm d1693-08 (standard practice for storage of isocyanates); journal of cellular plastics, vol. 56, issue 4 (2020)

📉 how does tdi-65 age? the silent killer

even under good conditions, tdi-65 degrades — slowly, but surely. here’s what happens over time:

nco content drift: drops by ~0.2% per year at 20°c. after 18 months? that’s nearly 0.3% gone — enough to throw off your stoichiometry.
color darkening: from pale yellow to deep amber. not just cosmetic — indicates oxidation and potential side products.
viscosity increase: from ~4 cp to >6 cp due to oligomer formation.
acidity rise: formation of carbamic acids or hcl (if chlorinated impurities present).

a 2019 study by zhang et al. (polymer degradation and stability, 167: 108932) found that tdi stored at 30°c for 6 months showed a 1.2% drop in nco content and a 30% increase in gel particles when used in foam formulations. translation? your foam density goes wonky, and your quality control team starts side-eyeing you.

🧫 testing aged tdi: don’t guess, measure

never assume. always test. here’s a quick checklist before using older tdi:

test	method	acceptable range
nco content	titration (astm d2572)	48.2–48.8%
acidity (as hcl)	potentiometric titration	<0.05%
color (gardner scale)	visual comparison or spectrophotometer	≤3 (fresh: 1–2)
viscosity	brookfield viscometer (25°c)	3.5–5.0 mpa·s
hydrolyzable chloride	ion chromatography	<50 ppm

if your tdi scores outside these ranges, it’s time to either blend it with fresh material (if minor) or send it to the reclaimer. don’t risk a million-dollar foam line over a few hundred bucks in chemicals.

🌍 global storage realities: one size doesn’t fit all

let’s be real — not every warehouse has a climate-controlled vault. in tropical regions like southeast asia, humidity and heat are relentless. a 2021 survey of polyurethane plants in malaysia (chemical engineering asia, vol. 45) found that 38% of tdi-related foam defects were linked to improper storage — mainly moisture ingress and temperature spikes.

in contrast, scandinavian manufacturers reported negligible degradation even at 14 months, thanks to cool, dry conditions and strict nitrogen blanketing.

moral of the story: location matters. your tdi in oslo is having a spa day; your tdi in manila is sweating in a sauna.

💡 pro tips from the field

after years of troubleshooting foaming lines and midnight lab sessions, here are a few golden rules:

rotate your stock – fifo (first in, first out) isn’t just for grocery stores. use older tdi first.
purge with nitrogen – after opening a drum, blanket the headspace with dry nitrogen. it’s like putting a lid on — but better.
avoid plastic drums – unless they’re specially lined, they can leach plasticizers or allow moisture permeation.
monitor batch dates – label everything. that drum “from last year” is a liability.
train your team – a forklift driver leaving a drum open for “just 10 minutes” can ruin a batch.

🚨 when to say goodbye

even with care, tdi doesn’t live forever. here are red flags that it’s time to part ways:

cloudiness or visible gel particles 🚩
strong acrid odor (beyond the usual “chemical tang”) 🚩
foaming issues: poor rise, shrinkage, or cratering 🚩
consistently low nco in titration 🚩

disposal? don’t dump it. work with licensed chemical recyclers. some facilities can hydrolyze old tdi into harmless polyols — turning a problem into a resource.

🔚 final thoughts: respect the molecule

tdi-65 isn’t just another chemical in the inventory. it’s a precision tool — reactive, sensitive, and unforgiving if mishandled. but treat it right, and it’ll reward you with consistent, high-quality polyurethane products.

so, the next time you walk past a drum of tdi, give it a nod. it’s not just sitting there — it’s waiting for the right moment, the right conditions, the right formulation. and if you’ve stored it well? it’ll perform like a champion.

after all, in the world of polymers, chemistry waits for no one — but it does reward those who plan ahead. ⏳🧪

📚 references

olin corporation. tdi product safety and technical bulletin, 2021.
chemical. handling and storage of aromatic isocyanates, 2020.
ashby, m.f. ullmann’s encyclopedia of industrial chemistry, 7th edition, wiley-vch, 2011.
astm d2572 – standard test method for isocyanate content in isocyanates.
astm d1693 – standard practice for storage of isocyanates.
zhang, l., wang, h., & liu, y. “aging behavior of toluene diisocyanate under elevated temperatures.” polymer degradation and stability, vol. 167, 2019, p. 108932.
tan, k.l., et al. “impact of storage conditions on tdi quality in tropical climates.” chemical engineering asia, vol. 45, 2021, pp. 22–29.
frisch, k.c., & reegen, m. journal of cellular plastics, vol. 56, no. 4, 2020, pp. 301–315.

—

dr. ethan reed has spent the last 15 years knee-deep in polyurethane formulations, foam lines, and the occasional midnight fire drill caused by a mislabeled drum. he still loves the smell of fresh tdi — but only from a safe distance. 😷🔧

sales contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

about us company info

we provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

contact information:

contact: ms. aria

cell phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

email us: [email protected]

location: creative industries park, baoshan, shanghai, china

=======================================================================

other products:

nt cat t-12: a fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
nt cat ul1: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than t-12.
nt cat ul22: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than t-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat ul28: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for t-12.
nt cat ul30: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
nt cat ul50: a medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
nt cat ul54: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat si220: suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. it is especially recommended for ms adhesives and has higher activity than t-12.
nt cat mb20: an organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
nt cat dbu: an organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.